Long-Term Benefits of an Ad-Libitum Non-Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Diabetes Control: Observations in the Clinical Setting

2011 ◽  
pp. P1-524-P1-524
Author(s):  
Naji Torbay ◽  
Rita Nawar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract P072: Low-Carbohydrate-Diets and Cardiovascular and Total Mortality in Japanese. A 29-year Follow-up of NIPPON DATA80

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Nakamura ◽  
Nagako Okuda ◽  
Tomonori Okamura ◽  
Aya Kadota ◽  
Naoko Miyagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cox Model ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Long-term safety of low-carbohydrate-diets in Asian populations, whose carbohydrate intake is relatively high, is not known. Methods: We examined the association of low-carbohydrate-diets with CVD and total mortality using the National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Noncommunicable Disease and Its Trends in the Aged, (NIPPON DATA80) database with a 29-year follow-up. At the baseline in 1980, data were collected on study participants ages≥30 years from randomly selected areas in Japan. We calculated low-carbohydrate-diet scores based on the percentage of energy as carbohydrate, fat, and protein, estimated by 3-day weighed food records. We followed 9,200 participants (56% women, mean age 51 y). Results: During the follow-up, there were 1,171 CVD deaths (52% in women), and 3,443 total deaths (48% in women). The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for CVD mortality using the Cox model comparing highest versus lowest deciles for a low-carbohydrate-diet score was 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38-0.92, trend P=0.019) for women; 0.74 (95% CI: 0.55-0.99, trend P=0.033) for women and men combined; HR for total mortality was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.57-0.93, trend P=0.020) for women; 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72-0.99, trend P=0.030) for women and men combined. None of the associations in men alone were statistically significant. We did not note any differential effects between animal and plant based low-carbohydrate-diets. Conclusions: Moderate diets lower in carbohydrate and higher in protein and fat were significantly inversely associated with CVD and total mortality in women, and women and men combined.

scholarly journals Long-Term Ketogenic Diet Induces Metabolic Acidosis, Anemia, and Oxidative Stress in Healthy Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryadi Arsyad ◽  
Irfan Idris ◽  
Andi A. Rasyid ◽  
Rezky A. Usman ◽  
Kiki R. Faradillah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Background. Ketogenic diet has been used as supportive therapy in a range of conditions including epilepsy, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Objective. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term consumption of ketogenic diet on blood gas, hematological profiles, organ functions, and superoxide dismutase level in a rat model. Materials and Methods. Fifteen male Wistar rats were divided into control (n = 8) and ketogenic (n = 7) groups. Controls received standard diet contained 52.20% of carbohydrates, 7.00% fat, and 15.25% protein; meanwhile, the ketogenic group received a high-fat-low-carbohydrate diet which contained 5.66% of carbohydrate, 86.19% fat, and 8.15% protein. All rats were caged individually and received 30g of either standard or high-fat-low-carbohydrate pellets. The experiment was carried out for 60 days before the blood samples were taken and analyzed to obtain blood gas, cell counts, organ biomarkers, and plasma antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Results. The rats subjected to ketogenic diet experienced a marked decrease in body weight, blood sugar, and increased blood ketones (p<0.05). The average blood pH was 7.36 ± 0.02 and base excess was −5.57 ± 2.39 mOsm/L, which were significantly lower than controls (p<0.05). Hematological analysis showed significantly lower erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels. No significant changes were found in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine levels, indicating normal liver and kidney functions. Nevertheless, plasma SOD level significantly reduced with ketogenic diet. Conclusion. Long-term ketogenic diet induces metabolic acidosis, anemia, and reduced antioxidant enzyme level in rats following 60 days of consuming high-fat-low-carbohydrate diet.

Abstract P167: The Long-term Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Appetite Hormones: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Hu ◽  
Kristi Reynolds ◽  
Lu Yao ◽  
Calynn Bunol ◽  
Yanxi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Ghrelin ◽  
Study Participants

The long-term effects of low-carbohydrate diets on hormones related to appetite are unclear. We recruited a total of 148 study participants with a body mass index of 30 - 45 kg/m2 (Mean: 35.4 kg/m2) who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and kidney disease. The participants were randomly assigned to either a low-carbohydrate diet (<40 g/day; N=75) or a low fat (<30% energy from fat, <10% from saturated fat; N=73) diet. Two 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted at each clinic visit (0, 3, 6 and 12 months of the intervention). Participants met with a study dietitian weekly for the first month followed by group settings bi-weekly for 5 months then monthly for the subsequent 6 months. Each group was provided the same behavioral curriculum related to diet emphasizing portion control and eating habits. Total ghrelin and peptide YY were determined using radioimmunoassay methods. Of the study participants, 60 in the low-fat group (81.1%) and 59 in the low-carbohydrate group (79.7%) completed the entire intervention. The mean age was 46.8 years, 88.5% were women and 55.1% were African-Americans. The low-carbohydrate group lost approximately 3.5 kg more body weight than did the low-fat group (P value: 0.002) over the course of the intervention. Both diets decreased total peptide YY and ghrelin. Compared to low-fat diets, the low-carbohydrate diet resulted in a significantly greater decrease in total peptide YY at 6 (Net change: -6.8 ph/mL; P value: 0.04) and 12 months (Net change: -10.6 ph/mL; P value: 0.02). The changes in total ghrelin were not significantly different throughout the study. Our findings suggest that the low-carbohydrate diet did not result in a greater loss of appetite, compared to the low-fat diet.

Abstract P165: The Long-term Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Endothelial Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Hu ◽  
Kristi Reynolds ◽  
Lu Yao ◽  
Calynn Bunol ◽  
Yanxi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Study Participants

The long-term effects of low-carbohydrate diets versus low-fat diets on endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance are unclear. A total of 148 study participants with a body mass index of 30 - 45 kg/m2 (Mean: 35.4 kg/m2) who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and kidney disease were recruited. The participants were randomly assigned to either a low-carbohydrate diet (<40 g/day; N=75) or a low fat (<30% energy from fat, <10% from saturated fat; N=73) diet. Two 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted at each clinic visit (0, 3, 6 and 12 months of intervention). Participants met with a study dietitian weekly for the first month followed by group settings bi-weekly for 5 months and monthly for the last 6 months. Each group was provided the same behavioral curriculum related to diet emphasizing portion control and eating habits. Biomarkers for endothelial function and insulin resistance included E-selectin, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), Insulin-like growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), serum insulin, and glucose. Mixed-effect regression models including group, time and their interaction were used to analyze the data. Of the study participants, 60 in the low-fat group (81.1%) and 59 in the low-carbohydrate group (79.7%) completed the entire intervention. The mean age was 46.8 years, 88.5% were women and 55.1% were African-Americans. The low-carbohydrate group lost approximately 3.5 kg more body weight than did the low-fat group (P= 0.002) on average. Compared to the low-fat diet, the low-carbohydrate diet resulted in greater reductions in E-selectin (net change: -4.5, -4.3, and -3.8 ng/mL at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively; overall P= 0.002) and ICAM-1 (net change: -7.3, -10.4, and -16.8 ng/mL at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively; overall P= 0.06). There was no significant change in any other markers. Our findings suggest that the low-carbohydrate is at least as effective as the low-fat diet at improving endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Low-carbohydrate diet induces metabolic depression: a possible mechanism to conserve glycogen

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (4) ◽  
pp. R347-R356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh S. Winwood-Smith ◽  
Craig E. Franklin ◽  
Craig R. White
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Depression ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Glycogen Stores ◽  
Over Time

Long-term studies have found that low-carbohydrate diets are more effective for weight loss than calorie-restricted diets in the short term but equally or only marginally more effective in the long term. Low-carbohydrate diets have been linked to reduced glycogen stores and increased feelings of fatigue. We propose that reduced physical activity in response to lowered glycogen explains the diminishing weight loss advantage of low-carbohydrate compared with low-calorie diets over longer time periods. We explored this possibility by feeding adult Drosophila melanogaster a standard or a low-carbohydrate diet for 9 days and measured changes in metabolic rate, glycogen stores, activity, and body mass. We hypothesized that a low-carbohydrate diet would cause a reduction in glycogen stores, which recover over time, a reduction in physical activity, and an increase in resting metabolic rate. The low-carbohydrate diet reduced glycogen stores, which recovered over time. Activity was unaffected by diet, but metabolic rate was reduced, in the low-carbohydrate group. We conclude that metabolic depression could explain the decreased effectiveness of low-carbohydrate diets over time and recommend further investigation of long-term metabolic effects of dietary interventions and a greater focus on physiological plasticity within the study of human nutrition.

scholarly journals Long-Term Low Carbohydrate Diet Leads to Deleterious Metabolic Manifestations in Diabetic Mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e104948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Handa ◽  
Kouichi Inukai ◽  
Hirohisa Onuma ◽  
Akihiko Kudo ◽  
Fumiyuki Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate
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