scholarly journals The Role of Energy Expenditure in the Differential Weight Loss in Obese Women on Low-Fat and Low-Carbohydrate Diets

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1475-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie J. Brehm ◽  
Suzanne E. Spang ◽  
Barbara L. Lattin ◽  
Randy J. Seeley ◽  
Stephen R. Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

scholarly journals Adding cognitive behavioural treatment to either low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets: differential short-term effects

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1847-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Hernandez ◽  
Uziel A. Morales-Amaya ◽  
Ramon Rosales-Valdéz ◽  
Felipe Rivera-Hinojosa ◽  
Martha Rodriguez-Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

To evaluate the efficacy of adding cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT) to either a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet or a low-fat (LF) diet in the treatment of weight loss of obese women, a randomised clinical intervention study was performed. A total of 105 healthy non-pregnant obese women (average age and BMI of 45·4 (sd 10·4) years and 36 (sd 4·3) kg/m2) were randomly allocated to the CBT or control (C) groups; within each group, women were randomly selected to receive either the LC or LF diet during 6 months. The pre-planned primary trial end-point was the weight loss. Differences between the groups were assessed using one-way ANOVA. There were three women (2·8 %) who dropped out, all of them in the CBT group. No differences in the anthropometric and laboratory characteristics at baseline were noted between women in the CBT (n 52) and control groups (n 50). Intention-to-treat analysis showed that weight loss in the CBT-LC (90 (sd 12·3) to 82·1 (sd 12·1) kg) and C-LC (89·4 (sd 10·0) to 85·8 (sd 9·8) kg) groups reached 8·7 and 4·0 %, respectively (P < 0·0001), and in the CBT-LF (87·9 (sd 11·4) to 79·4 (sd 11·8) kg) and C-LF (88·8 (sd 14·5) to 85·3 (sd 14·3) kg) groups it was 9·7 and 3·9 %, respectively (P < 0·05). Weight loss was higher in the CBT-LF group than in the CBT-LC groups (P = 0·049). The present results showed that adding CBT to either the LF or LC diet produced significantly greater short-term weight loss in obese women compared with diet alone. These finding support the efficacy of CBT in breaking previous dietary patterns and in developing healthier attitudes that reinforce a healthier lifestyle.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of a very-low-carbohydrate weight loss diet compared with an isocaloric low-fat diet after 12 mo

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant D Brinkworth ◽  
Manny Noakes ◽  
Jonathan D Buckley ◽  
Jennifer B Keogh ◽  
Peter M Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Weight Loss Diet ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

THE EFFECTS OF LOW-CARBOHYDRATE VERSUS LOW-FAT DIETS IN OBESE/OVERWEIGHT ADULTS: ONE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF A RANDOMIZED TRIAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
Maitri Hathi ◽  
Sudesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Aprevious paper reported the six month comparison of weight loss in overweight and/or obese adults randomly assigned to either a VLCK-diet or LF-diet. To review the one year outcomes between these diets 1year follow-up of a randomized trial on 113 overweight/obese adults with a BMI>25 kg/m2; with no abnormalities were randomly selected. Participants who selected VLCK diet received counseling to restrict carbohydrate intake to <30 gram per day and those who selected LF diet received counseling to restrict caloric intake by 500 calories per day with <30% of calories from fat. Changes in weight, Body Mass Index, Body Fat, and Waist Circumference were measured at intervals of rst, third, sixth and twelfth month of participants who completed the one-year follow-up. Participants on the very-low-carbohydrate diet had lost more weight loss than participants on the conventional low-fat diet at 3months, 6month and but the difference at 12months were signicant. Study conclude that participants on a VLCK-diet had more favorable overall outcomes at 1year than did those on a conventional LF-diet. Weight loss was similar between groups.

Abstract MP052: Neither Insulin Secretion nor Genotype Pattern Modify 12-Month Weight Loss Effects of Healthy Low-Fat vs. Healthy Low-Carbohydrate Diets Among Adults with Obesity

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D Gardner ◽  
Michelle Hauser ◽  
Liana Del Gobbo ◽  
John Trepanowski ◽  
Joseph Rigdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Multilocus Genotype ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Glucose Dynamics

Background: Dietary modification remains an essential component of successful weight loss strategies. No one dietary strategy has been determined to be superior to others for the general population. Studies that contrast reducing dietary fat vs. carbohydrate report consistently high within-group variability in dietary adherence and weight loss. Previous research by our group and others suggest that insulin-glucose dynamics or genotype patterns may modify diet effects. Objective: To determine if within-group weight loss variability on a Healthy Low-Fat (HLF) vs. a Healthy Low Carbohydrate (HLC) diet can be attributed to underlying factors such as insulin-glucose dynamics (i.e., insulin resistance and secretion) or genotype pattern. We hypothesized the above factors would be effect modifiers of HLF and HLC diets on 12-month weight loss. Methods: Generally healthy, non-diabetic adults, 18-50 years, BMI 28-40 kg/m 2 , were randomized to HLF or HLC with no specific prescribed energy restriction for 12 months (n=609). Health educators delivered the intervention in 22 1-hr group classes. Data were collected at 0, 3, 6, & 12 months. Dietary intake was assessed by three 24-hour recalls/time point. Clinical data includes: 75-g glucose oral glucose tolerance tests (insulin concentration at 30 minutes [Ins-30], a measure of insulin secretion), genotyping (3-SNP multilocus genotype: Low-Fat Genotype vs. Low-Carb Genotype, UK Biobank Axiom® array), body composition (DXA), resting energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry), epigenetics, proteomics, subcutaneous adipose tissue, microbiota, and standard CVD risk indicators. Results: At 12 months participants collectively lost 6,559 lbs. Retention was 79%, with equal dropout between arms. Range of weight change in both diet arms was ~80 lbs (-60 to +20 lbs). Macronutrient distribution at 12 months was 48% vs. 30% carbohydrate, 29% vs. 45% fat, and 21% vs. 23% protein for HLF and HLC, respectively. Both groups reported achieving and maintaining an average ~500 kcal deficit relative to baseline. Weight loss was similar for HLF vs. HLC: -12.1 ± 1.1 lbs vs. -13.8 ± 1.0 lbs, mean ± SEM. Neither Ins-30 (p for interaction = 0.84) nor genotype pattern (p for interaction = 0.20) modified the effect of diet on 12-month weight loss. Conclusions: Despite substantial weight loss, high within-group variability, and strong dietary differentiation between groups, neither baseline Ins-30 nor genotype pattern modified the effect of diet on 12-month weight loss. Focus on a healthy diet in both diet arms is novel in the context of many previous Low-Fat vs. Low-Carb studies and may have diminished expected effect modification. The extensive data set collected will be used to explore this and other potential explanatory factors.

O-159 Prediction of weight loss and drop-out in a lifestyle intervention in women with pcos: A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Jiskoot ◽  
A Dietz de Loos ◽  
R Timman ◽  
A Beerthuizen ◽  
J Busschbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Lifestyle Program ◽  
Message Service ◽  
Lifestyle Treatment

Abstract Study question Which patient related determinants contribute to a ≥ 5% weight loss and drop-out? Summary answer Participating in the lifestyle treatment and a worse body image at baseline were significantly associated with ≥5% weight loss. What is known already In general, three-component interventions including diet, exercise, and cognitive behavioral therapy have shown to be effective at the long-term to achieve weight loss. In a lifestyle program for infertile women, higher external eating behavior scores and not receiving previous support by a dietician were associated with weight loss. In a short term lifestyle program for women with PCOS, weight loss was associated with better quality of life scores and attendance of study appointments. Little has been published about the potential role of PCOS characteristics, psychological and behavioral variables on the ability to achieve weight loss in this group of women. Study design, size, duration The present study is a longitudinal RCT to study the effectiveness of a three component 1-year cognitive-behavioural lifestyle intervention on weight loss in overweight/obese women with PCOS. A total of 183 participants were randomly assigned to three groups: 1) CBT provided by the multidisciplinary team or; 2) CBT provided by the multidisciplinary team and Short Message Service (SMS) or; 3) usual care: women are encouraged to lose weight through publicly available services (control group). Participants/materials, setting, methods Women with menstrual cycle disorders are systematically screened using a standardised protocol. Data of 183 women diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria, a Body Mass Index above 25 kg/m² were included. All variables were measured at start and at three, six, nine and twelve months. Main results and the role of chance The multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression model showed that participation in the lifestyle treatment (HR 2.3, P = 0.012) and a worse body image (FNAE) (HR 0.95, P = 0.023) at baseline were significantly associated with ≥5% weight loss. Drop-out was predicted by participation in the lifestyle treatment (OR 0.2 P = 0.003), additional short message service (OR 3.7, P = 0.008), smoking (OR 0.3, P = 0.22), drinking alcohol (OR 2.4, P = 0.04), higher levels of androstenedione (OR 1.2, P = 0.047). Also, women who achieved spontaneous pregnancies were more likely to drop-out (OR 0.09, P = 0.002). Limitations, reasons for caution A limitation of our study is the high discontinuation rate we observed especially after 3 months of the intervention. Therefore a statistical method was chosen that included all available data even if participants dropped out during the study period. Wider implications of the findings A three-component lifestyle intervention program for obese women with PCOS is effective for weight loss. The group of women with a more negative body image should receive additional treatment before entering such a lifestyle intervention to achieve better results. Trial registration number Registered at the Netherlands National Trial Register with number NTR2450 on August 2nd, 2010.

scholarly journals Effects of a low carbohydrate diet on energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance: randomized trial

BMJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. k4583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara B Ebbeling ◽  
Henry A Feldman ◽  
Gloria L Klein ◽  
Julia M W Wong ◽  
Lisa Bielak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Treat Analysis

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of diets varying in carbohydrate to fat ratio on total energy expenditure.DesignRandomized trial.SettingMulticenter collaboration at US two sites, August 2014 to May 2017.Participants164 adults aged 18-65 years with a body mass index of 25 or more.InterventionsAfter 12% (within 2%) weight loss on a run-in diet, participants were randomly assigned to one of three test diets according to carbohydrate content (high, 60%, n=54; moderate, 40%, n=53; or low, 20%, n=57) for 20 weeks. Test diets were controlled for protein and were energy adjusted to maintain weight loss within 2 kg. To test for effect modification predicted by the carbohydrate-insulin model, the sample was divided into thirds of pre-weight loss insulin secretion (insulin concentration 30 minutes after oral glucose).Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was total energy expenditure, measured with doubly labeled water, by intention-to-treat analysis. Per protocol analysis included participants who maintained target weight loss, potentially providing a more precise effect estimate. Secondary outcomes were resting energy expenditure, measures of physical activity, and levels of the metabolic hormones leptin and ghrelin.ResultsTotal energy expenditure differed by diet in the intention-to-treat analysis (n=162, P=0.002), with a linear trend of 52 kcal/d (95% confidence interval 23 to 82) for every 10% decrease in the contribution of carbohydrate to total energy intake (1 kcal=4.18 kJ=0.00418 MJ). Change in total energy expenditure was 91 kcal/d (95% confidence interval −29 to 210) greater in participants assigned to the moderate carbohydrate diet and 209 kcal/d (91 to 326) greater in those assigned to the low carbohydrate diet compared with the high carbohydrate diet. In the per protocol analysis (n=120, P<0.001), the respective differences were 131 kcal/d (−6 to 267) and 278 kcal/d (144 to 411). Among participants in the highest third of pre-weight loss insulin secretion, the difference between the low and high carbohydrate diet was 308 kcal/d in the intention-to-treat analysis and 478 kcal/d in the per protocol analysis (P<0.004). Ghrelin was significantly lower in participants assigned to the low carbohydrate diet compared with those assigned to the high carbohydrate diet (both analyses). Leptin was also significantly lower in participants assigned to the low carbohydrate diet (per protocol).ConclusionsConsistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model, lowering dietary carbohydrate increased energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance. This metabolic effect may improve the success of obesity treatment, especially among those with high insulin secretion.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT02068885.

scholarly journals Effects of Ad Libitum Low Carbohydrate Versus Low Fat Diets on Body Weight and Fat Mass

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 658-658
Author(s):  
Alex Schick ◽  
James Boring ◽  
Amber Courville ◽  
Isabelle Gallagher ◽  
Juen Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Fat Loss ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Objectives To describe the effects of ad libitum low-fat (LF) and low-carbohydrate (LC) diets on body weight and fat mass. Methods Sixteen adults without diabetes spent 29 continuous days residing at the Metabolic Clinical Research Unit of the NIH Clinical Center where they were fed ad libitum either an animal-based, LC diet (75% fat, 10% carbohydrates, 15% protein) or a plant-based, LF diet (75% carbohydrates, 10% fat, 15% protein). Participants were randomly assigned to one diet for the first phase of the study (14 days), after which they were switched to the other diet for the remainder of the study. Participants were given three meals daily and were provided with additional snacks amounting to 200% of their daily energy requirements as determined by their resting energy expenditure multiplied by 1.6. Subjects were told that this was not a weight loss study and were not informed about the primary study aim. They were instructed to eat as much or as little as they desired. Total body weight and fat mass were measured using a calibrated scale and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, respectively. Subjects were blinded to their data and wore loose-fitting scrubs to avoid any feedback regarding changes in the fit of their clothing. Results Subjects included 7 women and 9 men, with an age of (mean ± SE) 29 ± 1.7 years and BMI of 27.5 ± 1.5 at baseline. Participants lost weight on both diets, with the LC diet resulting in 1.34 ± 0.31 kg of weight loss (P = 0.0006) and the LF diet resulting in 1.09 ± 0.31 kg of weight loss (P = 0.003) which was not significantly different from the LC diet (P = 0.58). However, participants lost 0.6 ± 0.17 kg of body fat on the LF diet (P = 0.002) but the LC diet did not result in significant body fat loss (0.04 ± 0.17 kg; P = 0.8) and the difference in body fat loss between the diets was statistically significant (P = 0.03). Conclusions While participants lost similar amounts of weight on both diets, only the LF diet led to significant body fat loss. Early weight loss with a LC diet does not necessarily reflect a similar state of negative energy balance as compared with a LF diet. Funding Sources Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

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