scholarly journals Ethnic Differences in Insulin Action in Obese African-American and Latino Adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 4048-4051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Hasson ◽  
Tanja C. Adam ◽  
Jaimie N. Davis ◽  
Marc J. Weigensberg ◽  
Emily E. Ventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
African American ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Latino Adolescents ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Effectiveness

Introduction: African-American children have a greater acute insulin response to iv glucose (AIR) compared with Latino children despite a similar degree of insulin resistance and body composition. It is unclear whether African-Americans demonstrate an exaggerated insulin response to an oral glucose challenge and whether any differences are seen in more obese children in advanced pubertal development. Purpose: Our objective was to compare glucose and insulin indices derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and iv glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) in sedentary, obese African-American (n = 59) and Latino (n = 83) adolescents. Methods: Glucose and insulin incremental area under the curve was measured during an OGTT, and AIR, insulin sensitivity, disposition index, and glucose effectiveness were assessed during an IVGTT. Body composition was assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Results: From the OGTT, glucose and insulin IAUC were 29.1 and 22.5% lower (P = 0.01) in African-Americans compared with Latino adolescents. From the IVGTT, insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness were 41.7% (P < 0.01) and 50.0% (P = 0.02) lower in African-Americans compared to Latinos. AIR (P = 0.001) and disposition index (P = 0.02) were 63.0 and 48.8% higher in African-Americans, respectively, compared with Latinos. These findings persisted after controlling for body composition and fat distribution. Conclusions: There were marked differences in glucose and insulin indices derived from the OGTT and IVGTT. African-Americans were more insulin resistant as measured by the IVGTT compared with the Latino adolescents. However, the well-described hyperinsulinemia in response to iv glucose was not observed after oral glucose in African-American adolescents.

Oral glucose tolerance test and insulin sensitivity in low insulin responders

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wajngot ◽  
R. Luft ◽  
S. Efendić
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Infusion Test ◽  
Glucose Infusion Test ◽  
Low Insulin Response

Abstract. Oral and iv glucose tolerance, insulin response to iv and oral glucose load as well as insulin sensitivity were evaluated in 58 'low insulin responders'. They were selected from a group of 226 healthy subjects with normal fasting blood glucose and normal iv glucose tolerance test on the basis of a low insulin response during a standardized glucose infusion test (GIT). The insulin response to GIT was analysed by parameter identification in a mathematical model (parameter KI). Insulin sensitivity was also measured by computer analysis of GIT (parameter KG) and, in a limited group of subjects, by a somatostatin infusion test. Thirty-three low insulin responders had normal OGTT, whereas 5 demonstrated borderline-1, 16 borderline-2, and 4 decreased OGTT. The first group of subjects demonstrated normal or enhanced insulin sensitivity. Borderline and decreased OGTT, in most instances, was accompanied by decreased insulin sensitivity, implying that a subgroup of low insulin responders exhibited signs of both impaired insulin response to glucose and insulin resistance. Since these defects characterize manifest type-2 diabetes, these subjects possibly may run a high risk to develop this type of diabetes. On the other hand, low insulin response in combination with increased insulin sensitivity may reflect adaptation of the secretory capacity of B-cells to the need of insulin.

scholarly journals An Anthocyanin-Rich Mixed-Berry Intervention May Improve Insulin Sensitivity in a Randomized Trial of Overweight and Obese Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Solverson ◽  
Theresa R. Henderson ◽  
Hawi Debelo ◽  
Mario G. Ferruzzi ◽  
David J. Baer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Improve Insulin Sensitivity

Evidence supports the beneficial effects of berries on glucoregulation, possibly related to flavonoid content, fiber content, or both. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of mixed berries to improve insulin sensitivity and to identify the potential role of flavonoids and fiber. In a randomized cross-over trial with four treatment periods, overweight/obese men and women were fed a controlled 45% fat diet for one week prior to a meal-based glucose tolerance test. The same base diet was provided during each feeding period with the addition of one of four treatments: whole mixed berries, sugar matched mixed berry juice, sugar matched gelatin, and sugar/fiber matched gelatin. Subjects then completed a meal-based oral glucose tolerance test. Serum glucose, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids were not different between individual treatments. However, in a secondary analysis, the combined berry preparations resulted in a lower serum insulin area under the curve (difference of 0.15 ± 0.066 ln pmol min/mL, mean ± SE, p = 0.0228), compared to the combined gelatin treatments, while the difference for serum glucose did not quite meet statistical significance (difference of 0.17 ± 0.093 ln mg·min/dL, mean ± SE, p = 0.0738). These results suggest the potential for mixed berry preparations to improve post-prandial insulin response.

scholarly journals Antidepressant Effects on Insulin Sensitivity and Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Depressed Males

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chyan Chen ◽  
Wei-Win Lin ◽  
Yu-Jung Chen ◽  
Wei-Chung Mao ◽  
Yi-Jen Hung
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Testing Procedures

Growing evidence suggests that mood disorder is associated with insulin resistance and inflammation. Thus the effects of antidepressants on insulin sensitivity and proinflammatory responses will be a crucial issue for depression treatment. In this study, we enrolled 43 non-diabetic young depressed males and adapted standard testing procedures to assess glucose metabolism during 4-week hospitalization. Before and after the 4-week antidepressant treatment, participants underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT). Insulin sensitivity (SI), glucose effectiveness (SG), acute insulin response, and disposition index (DI) were estimated using the minimal model method. The plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and adiponectin were measured. The Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D) total scores were reduced significantly during the course of treatment. There were no significant changes in the parameters ofSI,SG, and DI. Compared to drug naïve status, the level of plasma IL-6 was significantly elevated (0.77to1.30 pg/ml;P=.001) after antidepressant therapy. However, the concentrations of CRP, TNF-α, and adiponectin showed no differences during the course of treatment. The results suggest that antidepressants may promote stimulatory effect on the IL-6 production in the early stage of antidepressant treatment.

scholarly journals First-phase insulin response (FPIR) to intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), insulin sensitivity and long-term follow-up in ?- transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) normoglycemic patients with reduced insulin secretion to oral glucose tolerance t

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e2021021
Author(s):  
Vincenzo De Sanctis
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Intravenous Glucose

Summary. Objective: To  study the function of the endocrine pancreas in transfusion-dependent ?-thalassemia (?-TDT) patients with normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and hypoinsulinemia. Patients and methods: Seven ?-TDT patients  (mean age 22.4 ± 4.2 years) with normal glucose tolerance test (NGT) and poor insulin response (hypoinsulinemia) to OGTT,  not associated with ?-cell autoimmunity, were referred for a second opinion to an Italian Centre, part of the International Network of Clinicians for Endocrinopathies in Thalassemia and Adolescence Medicine (ICET-A). In this pilot study,  the first-phase insulin response (FPIR), expressed as the sum of 1 and  3 minutes insulin, of ?-TDT patients to intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), was tested. Moreover, the long-term natural history was followed prospectively using an annual OGTT, with the aim of detecting any abnormality of glucose metabolism. Results: The FPIR value  was between the 1st and 3rd percentile in two patients and between the 3rd and 10th percentile in  five. After 43 ± 26 months (range 11 - 80 months) of follow-up, 2 patients developed impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 3 both IGT and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and two overt diabetes mellitus (DM). Interestingly, the patients who developed DM had, at baseline the lowest value of insulinogenic index (IGI, 0.08 and 0.25), defined as the ratio of the increment of plasma insulin to plasma glucose during the first 30 minutes after OGTT. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the IGI at baseline and at follow-up in the patients who developed IGT with or without IFG (R= 0.927; P: 0.023). A significant reduction of Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISIM) and Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 (ISSI-2) was documented in the study cohort at diagnosis of IFG, IGT and DM. There was a significant inverse correlation between ISSI-2 and area under the curve of plasma glucose (AUC-PG). Conclusions: These data demonstrated, for the first time, a progressive deterioration in glucose homeostasis in ?-TDT subjects with NGT and hypoinsulinemia.  Thus, we consider that variations of insulin sensitivity could possibly have an impact on glucose tolerance in adult patients with TDT. Further investigations should focus on factors that might positively influence insulin sensitivity, including nutrition, drugs and physical activity.  

Changes in insulin sensitivity precede changes in body composition during 14 days of step reduction combined with overfeeding in healthy young men

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sine Haugaard Knudsen ◽  
Louise Seier Hansen ◽  
Maria Pedersen ◽  
Thomas Dejgaard ◽  
Jakob Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
High Calorie

A lifestyle characterized by inactivity and a high-calorie diet is a known risk factor for impaired insulin sensitivity and development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. To investigate possible links, nine young healthy men (24 ± 3 yr; body mass index of 21.6 ± 2.5 kg/m2) completed 14 days of step reduction (10,000 to 1,500 steps/day) and overfeeding (+50% kcal). Body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry, MRI), aerobic fitness (maximal O2 consumption), systemic inflammation and insulin sensitivity [oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp] were assessed before ( day 0), during ( days 3 and 7), and immediately after the intervention ( day 14), with follow-up tests ( day 30). Body weight had increased at days 7 and 14 ( P < 0.05). The amount of visceral fat had increased at day 14 compared with day 0 ( P < 0.05). The insulin response to the OGTT had increased at days 7 and 14 ( P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity, estimated using the Matsuda index, had decreased at days 3 and 7 ( P < 0.01). At day 14, glucose infusion rates had decreased by ∼44% during the euglycemic clamps ( P < 0.05). Also, plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin had increased ( P < 0.05), whereas no changes were seen in inflammatory markers. At day 30, body weight and whole body adiposity were still elevated compared with day 0 ( P < 0.05), whereas the insulin sensitivity as well as the insulin response to the OGTT did not differ from baseline. The glucose response to the OGTT was only affected at day 30, with a decrease compared with day 0. Our data show that insulin sensitivity was impaired after 3 days of inactivity and overfeeding. Impairments in insulin sensitivity occurred before changes in body composition, supporting the notion that the initial steps in impairment of insulin sensitivity may be linked directly to the effects of inactivity and a high calorie intake.

scholarly journals QOL-43. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC CHANGES IN CHILDREN TREATED FOR MEDULLOBLASTOMA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii439-iii439
Author(s):  
Alexey Kalinin ◽  
Natalia Strebkova ◽  
Olga Zheludkova
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance

Abstract We examined 63 patients (40 males/23 females) after complex treatment of medulloblastoma. Patients had a median age (range) of 11.3 (5.5 ÷ 17.9) years. The median time after the end of treatment was 3.7 (1.5 ÷ 11.6) years. Endocrine disorders were detected with the following frequency: growth hormone deficiency - 98.41% (62 of 63 patients), thyroid hormone deficiency – 69.8% (44/63), adrenal hormone deficiency - 17.4% (11/63). Three cases (4.7%) of premature sexual development were also detected. Lipids levels, beta-cell function and insulin resistance (IR) during 2-h oral glucose tolerance test were evaluated. A mono frequent bioelectrical impedanciometer was used to measure body composition. Overweight (SDS BMI&gt; 1) was observed only in 16 patients (3 girls and 13 boys), obesity (SDS BMI&gt; 2) in 1 boy. Dyslipidemia was found in 34 patients (54%). All patients underwent oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin resistance (ISI Matsuda &lt;2.5 and/or HOMA-IR&gt; 3.2) was detected in 7 patients (11/1%), impaired glucose tolerance (120 min glucose ≥7.8 mmol / l) was observed in 2 patients with IR and in 2 patients without IR. At the same time, IR and impaired glucose tolerance were encountered in only 5 children with overweight and no one with obesity. All patients with impaired glucose tolerance had normal values of fasting glucose (4.3 ÷ 5.04 mmol / l) and HbA1c (4.8 ÷ 5.8%). A bioelectrical impedanciometer was used to measure body composition in 49 cases, the percentage of adipose tissue was increased in 14 patients (28%) with normal BMI.

HDL Containing Apolipoprotein C-III is Associated with Insulin Sensitivity: a Multi-Center Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rain Yamamoto ◽  
Majken K Jensen ◽  
Sarah Aroner ◽  
Jeremy D Furtado ◽  
Bernard Rosner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp

Abstract Context HDL in humans is composed of a heterogeneous group of particles varying in protein composition as well as biological effects. Objective We investigated the prospective associations between HDL subspecies containing and lacking apoC-III at baseline and insulin sensitivity at year 3. Design, Setting, and Participants A prospective cohort study of 864 healthy volunteers drawn from the RISC study, a multi-center European clinical investigation, whose recruitment initiated in 2002 with a follow-up of 3 years. Main Measures Insulin sensitivity was estimated from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline and year 3, and by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp at baseline only. The apolipoprotein concentrations were measured at baseline by a sandwich ELISA-based method. Results The two HDL subspecies demonstrated significantly opposite associations with insulin sensitivity at year 3 (p-heterogeneity=0.004). The highest quintile of HDL containing apoC-III was associated with a 1.2% reduction in insulin sensitivity (p-trend=0.02), while the highest quintile of HDL lacking apoC-III was associated with a 1.3% increase (p-trend=0.01), compared to the lowest quintile. No significant association was observed for total HDL, and VLDL and LDL containing apoC-III. ApoC-III contained in HDL was associated with a decrease in insulin sensitivity even more strongly than plasma total apoC-III. Conclusion Both HDL containing apoC-III and apoC-III in HDL adversely affect the beneficial properties of HDL on insulin response to glucose. Our results support the potential of HDL-associated apoC-III as a promising target for diabetes prevention and treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document