scholarly journals Psychological Assessment of Primary Aldosteronism: A Controlled Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. E878-E883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Sonino ◽  
Elena Tomba ◽  
Maria Luisa Genesia ◽  
Chiara Bertello ◽  
Paolo Mulatero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Psychosomatic Research ◽  
Symptom Questionnaire ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

Objective: Our objective was to investigate psychological correlates in a population with primary aldosteronism (PA) using methods found to be sensitive and reliable in psychosomatic research. Methods: Twenty-three PA patients (12 male, 11 female; mean age 50 ± 9 yr) were compared with 23 patients with essential hypertension (EH) (15 male, eight female; mean age 47 ± 8 yr) and 23 matched normotensive subjects. A modified version of the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, a shortened version of the structured interview for the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research, and two self-rating questionnaires, the Psychosocial Index and the Symptom Questionnaire, were administered. Results: Twelve of 23 patients with PA (52.2%) suffered from an anxiety disorder compared with four of 23 with EH (17.4%) and one control (4.3%) (P < 0.001). Generalized anxiety disorder was more frequent in PA than in EH patients and controls (P < 0.05). As assessed by Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research, irritable mood was more frequent in PA and EH compared with controls (P < 0.05) but did not differentiate PA from EH. According to Psychosocial Index results, patients with PA had higher levels of stress (P < 0.01) and psychological distress (P < 0.01) and lower level of well-being (P < 0.05) than controls. Compared with EH patients, PA patients had higher scores in stress subscale (P < 0.05). The Symptom Questionnaire showed higher levels of anxiety (P < 0.01), depression (P < 0.01) and somatization (P < 0.01) and lower physical well-being (P < 0.05) in PA than controls. Conclusion: A role of mineralocorticoid regulatory mechanisms in clinical situations concerned with anxiety and stress is suggested.

Criterion-related validity in a sample of migraine outpatients: the diagnostic criteria for psychosomatic research

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiammetta Cosci ◽  
Andrea Svicher ◽  
Sara Romanazzo ◽  
Lucia Maggini ◽  
Francesco De Cesaris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Type A Behavior ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Psychosomatic Research ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Headache Center

AbstractObjective.The Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR) are those of psychosomatic syndromes that did not find room in the classical taxonomy. More recently, the DCPR were updated, called DCPR-revised (DCPR-R). The present study was conducted to test the criterion-related validity of the DCPR-R.Methods.Two hundred consecutive subjects were enrolled at the Headache Center of Careggi University Hospital (Italy): 100 subjects had a diagnosis of chronic migraine (CM) and 100 had a diagnosis of episodic migraine (EM). Participants received a clinical assessment, which included the DCPR-revised Semi-Structured Interview (DCPR-R SSI), the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5), and the psychosocial index (PSI).Results.Forty-seven subjects (23.5%) had at least one DSM-5 diagnosis: major depressive disorder (8.5%; n = 17) and agoraphobia (7.5%; n = 15) were the most frequent. One hundred and ten subjects (55%) reported a DCPR-R diagnosis: allostatic overload (29%; n = 58) and type A behavior (10.5%; n = 21) were the most frequent. When the incremental validity of the DCPR system over the DSM system was tested using PSI subscales as the criterion variable, the DCPR-R increased up to 0.11–0.24 the amount of explained variance. Subjects with at least one DCPR-R diagnosis showed lower PSI well-being scores (p = .001), higher PSI stress scores (p < .001), and higher PSI psychological distress scores (p = .008) than subjects without a DCPR-R diagnosis.Conclusion. The DCPR-R showed a good criterion-related validity in migraine outpatients. Thus, they might be implemented, together with the DSM-5, in the assessment of migraine subjects.

scholarly journals A Thematic Analysis of Multiple Pathways Between Nature Engagement Activities and Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anam Iqbal ◽  
Warren Mansell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Perceptual Control Theory ◽  
Perceptual Control ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

Research studies have identified various different mechanisms in the effects of nature engagement on well-being and mental health. However, rarely are multiple pathways examined in the same study and little use has been made of first-hand, experiential accounts through interviews. Therefore, a semi-structured interview was conducted with seven female students who identified the role of nature engagement in their well-being and mental health. After applying thematic analysis, 11 themes were extracted from the data set, which were: “enjoying the different sensory input,” “calm nature facilitates a calm mood,” “enhancing decision making and forming action plans,” “enhancing efficiency and productivity,” “alleviating pressure from society's expectations regarding education,” “formation of community relations,” “nature puts things into perspective,” “liking the contrast from the urban environment,” “feel freedom,” “coping mechanism,” and “anxious if prevented or restricted.” The results indicate complementary mechanisms for how nature-related activities benefit mental health and well-being that may occupy different levels of experience within a hierarchical framework informed by perceptual control theory.

Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder Symptomology as a Risk Factor for Thin-Ideal Internalization: The Role of Self-Concept Clarity

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 674-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven S. Posavac ◽  
Heidi D. Posavac
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Thin Ideal ◽  
Thin Ideal Internalization

The study of when and how individuals compare themselves against standards has been an enduring focus for clinical and social psychology researchers in efforts to facilitate well-being and health. Our study focused on internalization of the societal thin-ideal standard for feminine attractiveness, a construct that has proven to be very important in women’s psychological health. Although multiple adverse consequences of thin-ideal internalization have been documented, the understanding of variability in the extent of thin-ideal internalization across women (e.g., why do some women strongly internalize thin-ideal standards when others do not?) is much less well developed. This research was conducted to explore the role of adult separation anxiety disorder (ASAD) symptomology and conceptions of the self in young women’s propensity to internalize the thin-ideal attractiveness standard. Results show that elevated ASAD symptoms are associated with greater thin-ideal internalization. A structural equations model demonstrates the reason for this association; young women with higher ASAD symptomology exhibit lower self-concept clarity, which drives greater thin-ideal internalization. This research makes novel practical and conceptual contributions by (a) delineating a new risk factor for the development of thin-ideal internalization, (b) highlighting a previously undocumented vulnerability of women who experience ASAD symptoms, and (c) documenting the relationship between ASAD and lower self-concept clarity. Implications for mental health practitioners are discussed.

scholarly journals Role of Positive Mental Health in Reducing Fears related to COVID-19 and General Anxiety Disorder in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qaisar Khalid Mahmood ◽  
Malik Muhammad Sohail ◽  
Waheed Ahmad Qureshi ◽  
Rubeena Zakar ◽  
Florian Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety

Abstract Background: The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has posed multiple challenges to healthcare systems. Evidence suggests that mental well-being is badly affected due to compliance with preventative measures in containing the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to explore the role of positive mental health (subjective sense of wellbeing) to cope with fears related to COVID-19 and general anxiety disorder in the Pashtun community in Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 501 respondents from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa participating in an online-based study. We performed correlational analysis, hierarchical linear regression and structural equational modeling (SEM) to analyze the role of mental health in reducing fears and general anxiety disorder. Results: The results of the SEM show that positive mental health has direct effects in reducing the fear related to COVID-19 (β=-0.244, p<0.001) and general anxiety (β= -0.210, p<0.001). Fears of COVID-19 has a direct effect on increasing general anxiety (β=0.480). In addition, positive mental health also has an indirect effect (β=-0.117, p<0.001) on general anxiety (R2=0.32, p<0.001) through reducing fear of coronavirus. Conclusion: Based on these findings, there is a need to develop community health policies emphasizing on promotive and preventive mental health strategies for people practicing social/physical distancing.

scholarly journals Educação ambiental: o papel dos gestores escolares / Environmental education: the role of school managers

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Vitor Viana da Costa ◽  
André Accioly Nogueira Machado ◽  
Nielpson Dias Carvalho ◽  
Juliana Simões Bolfe
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Living Things ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

Compreendamos a Educação Ambiental como sendo um bloco de ensinamentos teórico-práticos que objetiva fazer com que o indivíduo atente para as ações promovidas por ele mesmo e perceba a importância destas para a preservação e conservação do meio ambiente, visando o bem-estar e a saúde de todos os seres vivos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi fazer um levantamento do perfil dos gestores escolares entrevistados, além de analisar as contribuições dos gestores para a promoção do conhecimento acerca dos temas “Sustentabilidade” e “Meio Ambiente”, contribuindo para a Educação Ambiental nas escolas e na sociedade. Esta é uma pesquisa de campo e apresentou uma abordagem qualitativa, sendo realizada em sete escolas de ensino público municipal da Regional V, na cidade de Fortaleza. Participaram desta pesquisa sete gestores escolares, das sete escolas que foram o cenário desta pesquisa. Utilizou-se um questionário e uma entrevista semi-estruturada para a coleta de dados. Sobre o exercício da função de gestor, percebeu-se que 71,4% dos entrevistados gerem apenas uma escola, enquanto apenas 28,56% gerem duas ou mais. Notou-se, também, que, sobre o tempo total de experiência na função, 28,56% dos entrevistados informaram que têm entre 16 – 20 anos como gestor e, sobre o tempo de gestão nas escolas atuais, 42,84% estão entre três e cinco anos na função. Conclui-se que, na comunidade escolar, todos os integrantes têm o seu devido papel, mas, diante da sua função, o gestor é a pessoa responsável por incentivar, apoiar e se mostrar disponível para ações desta natureza.AbstractWe understand Environmental Education as being a block of theoretical-practical teachings that aims to make the individual attentive to the actions promoted by himself and realize the importance of these for the preservation and conservation of the environment, aiming at the well-being and health of all living things. The objective of this research was to survey the profile of school managers interviewed, as well as to analyze the contributions of managers to the promotion of knowledge about "Sustainability" and "Environment", contributing to Environmental Education in schools and society. This is a field research and presented a qualitative approach, being carried out in seven municipal public schools of the Regional V, in the city of Fortaleza. Seven school managers participated in this research, from the seven schools that were the scene of this research. A questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were used to collect data. Regarding the role of manager, 71.4% of respondents managed only one school, while only 28.56% managed two or more. It was also noted that 28.56% of the respondents reported that they had between 16 and 20 years of age as manager, and 42.84% of their three and five years in office. It is concluded that, in the school community, all the members have their proper role, but, given their role, the manager is the person responsible for encouraging, supporting and showing himself available for actions of this nature.

scholarly journals STUDY ON THE EFFICIENCY OF CASH WAQF MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Razifah Khamis ◽  
Marhanum Che Mohd Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Internal Management ◽  
Management Issues ◽  
Current Practices

The role of Waqf is synonym with the purpose of developing the economics as well as social well-being by means of a charity-based system. Revitalization of cash Waqf gives advantage to Muslims countries to further enhance this charity system. However, the efficiency of cash Waqf management is still questionable due to several internal management issues. This research is conducted to explore current practices of Waqf institutions in managing cash Waqf concerning human resource, documentation and reporting aspect; to investigate challenges faced by Waqf institutions in managing cash Waqf in terms of human resource, documentation and reporting aspects; and to suggest a few ways that can enhance the efficiency of cash Waqf management focusing in the three aspects. To achieve these objectives, qualitative methodology has been adopted where the data of this research was collected through semi-structured interview and review of past literatures as well as relevant documents. The finding of the research shows that majority of Waqf institutions have made efforts in promoting cash Waqf based on its regulation, financial sources, collaboration, duration of cash Waqf implementation and its strategic planning. However, the current practices of human resource, documentation and reporting are not suitable with the current pace of evolution to fully realize the benefit of cash Waqf.  This research revealed the loopholes in the management of cash Waqf and suggested several ways for improvement as a reference for Waqf institutions in order to improve their cash Waqf implementation. It is a significant endeavor for Waqf institutions in Malaysia to develop knowledge on cash Waqf management as well as provoking speedy development progress of cash Waqf implementation in Malaysia.

Pets as Transitional Objects: Their Role in Children's Emotional Development

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Lookabaugh Triebenbacher
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Transitional Objects ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Interview Format

Children's use of pets as transitional objects and the contributions of pets to children's emotional well-being were examined. The sample included 94 boys and 80 girls in preschool through Grade 5; 70% were current pet owners, and 30% were not pet owners. Each participant was individually interviewed using a structured interview format of 20 questions for current pet owners and three questions for non-pet owners to assess perceptions about the role of friendships between animals and humans, shared activities between children and pets, ways animals and humans communicate love for one another, types of verbal and nonverbal communication and interactions between animals and humans, and ways animals provide love, security, and emotional support to humans. Analysis indicated that children perceive their pets as special friends, important family members, and providers of social interactions, affection, and emotional support. Results are discussed in terms of the parallels between children's use of inanimate transitional objects and their use of pets as transitional objects.

scholarly journals Association entre l’anxiété et le déclin cognitif chez les personnes âgées vivant dans la communauté

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Hudon ◽  
Andrée Anne Bujold ◽  
Olivier Potvin ◽  
Michel Préville ◽  
Philippe Voyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Déclin Cognitif ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
One Year ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACTThe present study was conducted to determine whether anxiety among community-dwelling elders is associated with cognitive decline over a period of one year as well as to verify whether there are sex differences in the association between anxiety and cognitive decline. Participants (n=1942) were community-dwelling adults aged 65–96 years assessed at study entry (T0) and one year later (T1). Anxiety was identified with a semi-structured interview and cognitive functioning was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Results revealed that the presence of a clinically significant anxiety disorder did not predict cognitive decline in men and women. Subclinical anxiety symptoms predicted cognitive decline in women only. Moreover, for men, the presence of symptoms from at least two anxiety disorders predicted cognitive decline. For women, cognitive decline was predicted by the presence of symptoms from one anxiety disorder only. Overall, the results illustrate the role of anxiety in cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults.

Role of adrenal vein sampling in primary aldosteronism: impact of different diagnostic criteria on subtype diagnosis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Verena Cicala ◽  
Monica Salva ◽  
Diego Miotto ◽  
Beatrice Rubin ◽  
Raffaele Pezzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Adrenal Vein ◽  
Adrenal Vein Sampling

scholarly journals The role of promotion and prevention orientations in secondary school students’ motivation to study: A qualitative analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yi Li
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
School Students ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
School Tasks

<p>Students’ motivation is a very important area of research. Promotion and prevention are two self-regulatory systems shaping human motivation. Individuals having promotion orientations are motivated to achieve their hopes and aspirations whereas individuals having prevention orientations are motivated to fulfil their duties and obligations (Higgins, 2012). The purpose of this research is to advance understanding of how essential aspects characterizing promotion and prevention orientations affect secondary students’ motivation to study. Unlike many existing research studies involving promotion and prevention, which measured these constructs quantitatively, this research explored the effects of promotion/prevention orientations on students’ motivation qualitatively. A total number of 15 students in year 12 or 13 from three different schools in Wellington area were involved in this research. Each of them took part in a 20-25 minute semi-structured interview. Analysis of the interview revealed several important findings. Firstly, students expect that important school tasks should be difficult or challenging. Second, students’ responses related to the difference between achieving success and avoiding failure in school could be interpreted as indicating that thinking of achieving success was associated with setting maximal goals (i.e., promotion-related goals) whereas thinking of avoiding failure was related to adopting minimal goals (i.e., prevention-related goals). In addition, some interviewees said that achieving success was similar to avoiding failure. Third, when students thought about achieving success in difficult tasks, most of them noted that they would put more effort into their studies and become more persistent. Few students reported setting promotion and prevention focused goals regarding difficult tasks and employing eager and/or vigilant strategies during the goal pursuit. Eager strategies are associated with the presence of positive outcomes and the avoidance of errors of omission. In contrast, vigilant strategies relate to the absence of negative outcomes and the avoidance of making mistakes (Higgins, 2012). Fourth, when students thought about avoiding failure in difficult tasks, many of them stated that they would put more effort into their studies and become more persistent. Few students reported employing vigilant strategies when they thought about avoiding failure in difficult tasks. Additionally, results showed that for few students, thinking of avoiding failure in their studies might have negative effect on their well-being. Fifth, after experiencing prevention success (i.e., after fulfilling duties and responsibilities), the majority of students had feelings related to promotion success; few participants reported feelings related to either prevention success or both promotion and prevention success. Most students reported feelings related to promotion failure after experiencing prevention failure (i.e., after failing to fulfil duties and responsibilities). In contrast, when interviewees thought about promotion success (i.e., achieving hopes and aspirations) or promotion failure (i.e., failing to achieve hopes or aspirations), most of them reported feelings related to promotion success (failure); few participants had feelings related to both promotion and prevention success (failure). Importantly, after experiencing promotion failure, some students had increased motivation whereas only one participant had decreased motivation. Sixth, the findings also showed that personal interests and students’ peers’ performance affect students’ motivation to study. Implications of these findings for research and pedagogical practice and limitations of this research are discussed.</p>

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