Role of Positive Mental Health in Reducing Fears related to COVID-19 and General Anxiety Disorder in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract Background: The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has posed multiple challenges to healthcare systems. Evidence suggests that mental well-being is badly affected due to compliance with preventative measures in containing the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to explore the role of positive mental health (subjective sense of wellbeing) to cope with fears related to COVID-19 and general anxiety disorder in the Pashtun community in Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 501 respondents from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa participating in an online-based study. We performed correlational analysis, hierarchical linear regression and structural equational modeling (SEM) to analyze the role of mental health in reducing fears and general anxiety disorder. Results: The results of the SEM show that positive mental health has direct effects in reducing the fear related to COVID-19 (β=-0.244, p<0.001) and general anxiety (β= -0.210, p<0.001). Fears of COVID-19 has a direct effect on increasing general anxiety (β=0.480). In addition, positive mental health also has an indirect effect (β=-0.117, p<0.001) on general anxiety (R2=0.32, p<0.001) through reducing fear of coronavirus. Conclusion: Based on these findings, there is a need to develop community health policies emphasizing on promotive and preventive mental health strategies for people practicing social/physical distancing.

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dePression, ANxiety, and acaDEMImiC performance in COVID- 19: The PANDEMIC study: A cross-sectional survey study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-353928/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Francisco José Barbosa-Camacho ◽

Olaya Moramay Romero-Limón ◽

Juan Carlos Ibarrola-Peña ◽

Yolanda Lorelei Almanza-Mena ◽

Kevin Josue Pintor-Belmontes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Self Concept ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

General Anxiety Disorder ◽

General Anxiety ◽

Scale Scores ◽

Patient Health ◽

Screening Scale

Abstract BackgroundAfter almost nine months of social isolation, the high incidence of depression and anxiety is understandable. However, depression and anxiety can adversely affect the quality of life. One of the biggest challenges in this global pandemic is providing education within public and private academic institutes.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional survey distributed online from April to June 2020. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression screening scale and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 screening scale to identify the presence of mental health disorders such as depression or anxiety in undergraduate and graduate students. We used the Academic Self-Concept Scale to determine whether these disorders altered students' perception of their academic performance.ResultsA total of 610 students answered the survey: 386 female (63.3%) and 224 male (36.7%). Most students (71.5%) had not participated in online courses before. When asked about their class preferences, 581 students (95.2%) preferred to be taught in classes. The average Academic Self-Concept Scale score was 2.76 ± 0.35. The Academic Self-Concept Scale scores were divided into Confidence and Effort categories, and their respective mean scores were 2.71 ± 0.37 and 2.82 ± 0.45. The total mean Patient Health Questionnarie-9 scores were 11.94 ± 6.90, and the mean General Anxiety Disorder-7 score was 10.30 ± 5.66. There were significant effects of the severity of depression and anxiety on the Academic Self-Concept Scale scores (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that changing from classroom-based teaching to online delivery is not a challenge for students in the normal situation. However, being quarantined can be stressful and frustrating, which may challenge effective learning.Trial registrationThe study protocol was submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov and registered with the identifier: NCT04420416.

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A moderated-mediation model of fear of illness and subjective psychological well-being during COVID-19 pandemic

10.21203/rs.3.rs-100641/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sarita Sood ◽

Ananya Sharma

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Well Being ◽

Moderated Mediation ◽

Positive Mental Health ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Moderated Mediation Model

Abstract A sudden outbreak of diseases poses a serious threat to mental health. Relying on strengths might mitigate negative mental health outcomes and promote positive mental health. Prior research suggests a potential moderated mediation effect between fear of illness and subjective psychological well-being. Based on the Complete State Model and the Competence-Based Model of mental health, this study examined the relationship between fear of illness and subjective psychological well-being through perceived distress moderated by resilience in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey using questionnaires was employed. Data were collected online from 384 participants ( 270 females and 114 males, age range= 15 to 29 years). The participants had indirect exposure to COVID-19 through information from the media. Results demonstrated that fear of illness significantly predicts subjective psychological well-being both directly and indirectly. In addition, the moderated mediation effect of resilience was confirmed. Resilience moderated the indirect effect between fear of illness and subjective psychological well-being through perceived distress. The magnitude of the indirect effect was contingent on resilience. Further, the effect of perceived distress on subjective psychological well-being is weakened as the level of resilience increases. This study contributes theoretically to a better understanding of the salutogenic effect of resilience on positive mental health during a pandemic. Based on the findings, implications and future directions are discussed.

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Mental health impact of COVID-19 pandemic among physicians, nurses, and other healthcare providers, in the province of Alberta (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.27469 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hany ElGindi ◽

Reham Shalaby ◽

April Gusnowski ◽

Wesley Vuong ◽

Shireen Surood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

High Stress ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Report ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, threats to mental health, psychological safety, and well-being are evident, particularly among the first responders and the healthcare staff. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the prevalence and the potential predictors of the likely stress, generalized anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder among healthcare workers (HCW). METHODS A cross-sectional survey was used through a survey link sent to gather demographic information and responses on several self-report scales, including the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) among the various HCW groupings who subscribed to the Text4Hope program. RESULTS This study revealed that the HCW expressed an estimated high prevalence of moderate/high stress rates 840 (81.2%), while the likelihood of moderate/severe anxiety and depressive symptoms were 369 (38.6%), and 317 (32.7%), respectively, during COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses and other HCW were significantly more likely to report depressive symptoms, compared to physicians, (F (2, 159.47) =15.89, 95% CI= (-5.05) -(-2.04). Younger age groups of HCW (≤30 y) were more prone to report likely stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, compared to HCW 41-50y and >50y (Odd’s ratio range: 1.82- 3.03). Similarly, females and those who reported a lack of social support (separated/divorced and single) among HCW, had a higher likelihood to report likely stress and depressive symptoms, respectively (OR=1.8 and 1.6). CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional study revealed the significant impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and indicated significant vulnerability among groups of HCW in Alberta. CLINICALTRIAL Ethical approval for this research was obtained through the University of Alberta Health Research Ethics Board (Pro00086163).

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Epidemiological Study Between Greek People and Immigrants with Regard to Diagnosis in a Greek Hospital in Athens

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S623-S623

Author(s):

G. Lyrakos ◽

D. Menti ◽

A. Dimitriou ◽

I. Spyropoulos ◽

V. Spinaris

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Abuse ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Psychotic Disorder ◽

Well Being ◽

Health Issues ◽

General Anxiety Disorder ◽

General Anxiety ◽

Mental Health Issues ◽

Greek Hospital

IntroductionDifferences between the most frequently reported diagnoses of Greek people and immigrants in Greece are expected due to the different underlying factors which are associated with mental health issues.ObjectivesExamine differences in diagnoses between Greek people and immigrants.AimsTo investigate whether Greek people and immigrants had significant differences with regard to reported diagnoses in a Greek hospital.MethodsThe patients who participated in this study are 5551, among them 2760 (49.7%) were males and 2791 (50.3%) were females. The mean age of the sample was 45.54. The sample consisted of 455 (8.3%) immigrants and 5,042 (91.7%) Greek people. Convenience sampling method was used and the sample was collected at the General Hospital of Nikaia, “Ag. Panteleimon” in Athens, Greece, between 01/01/2012 and 31/12/2015.ResultsThere were significant differences between Greek people and immigrant with regard to diagnosis as χ2 (20): 136.875, P < 0.001. More specifically, among Greek people, the most frequently reported diagnosis was psychotic disorder (26.2%), followed by depression (24.7%), general anxiety disorder (9.9%) and substance abuse (8.4%). Among immigrants, the most frequently reported diagnosis was psychotic disorder (22.9%), followed by substance abuse (21.3%), depression (17.4%) and general anxiety disorder (12.1%).ConclusionsThe differences between Greek people and immigrants with regard to diagnoses showcase the different needs between the two populations with regard to mental health. Especially, the higher prevalence of anxiety disorders and substance abuse problems among immigrants highlight the need for protective measures to improve their well-being and reduce their risk of mental health issues.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Important Goals, Meanings, and Relationships in Flourishing and Languishing States: Towards Patterns of Well-being

Applied Research in Quality of Life ◽

10.1007/s11482-019-09771-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marié P. Wissing ◽

Lusilda Schutte ◽

Christelle Liversage ◽

Brenda Entwisle ◽

Marianne Gericke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Survey Design ◽

Short Form ◽

Well Being ◽

Positive Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Written Responses ◽

Greater Good ◽

Low Levels

Abstract Qualitative studies of lay people’s perspectives on facets of well-being are scarce, and it is not known how the perspectives of people with high and low levels of well-being dovetail or differ. This research explored the experiences of people with high/flourishing versus low/languishing levels of positive mental health in three cross-sectional survey design studies. Languishing and flourishing participants were selected in each study based on quantitative data from the Mental Health Continuum - Short Form as reported by Keyes et al. (Journal of Health and Social Behavior 43:207–222, 2002). Qualitative content analyses were conducted on written responses to semistructured open-ended questions on the what and why of important meaningful things (study 1, n = 42), goals (study 2, n = 30), and relationships (study 3, n = 50). Results indicated that well-being is not only a matter of degree—manifestations differ qualitatively in flourishing and languishing states. Similar categories emerged for what flourishing and languishing people found important with regard to meaning, goals, and relationships, but the reasons for the importance thereof differed prominently. Languishing people manifested a self-focus and often motivated responses in terms of own needs and hedonic values such as own happiness, whereas flourishers were more other-focused and motivated responses in terms of eudaimonic values focusing on a greater good. We propose that positive mental health can be conceptualized in terms of dynamic quantitative and qualitative patterns of well-being. Interventions to promote well-being may need to take into account the patterns of well-being reflecting what people on various levels of well-being experience and value.

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A moderated-mediation model of fear of illness and subjective psychological well-being during COVID-19 pandemic

10.21203/rs.3.rs-100641/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sarita Sood ◽

Ananya Sharma

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Well Being ◽

Moderated Mediation ◽

Positive Mental Health ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Moderated Mediation Model

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YOUTH AND MENTAL HEALTH: LIFE SATISFACTION, WELLBEING, AND SOCIETAL PARTICIPATION IN THE CONTEXT OF A TRANSITIONING STATE

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202107123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (7) ◽

pp. 1687-1694

Author(s):

Viktor V. Vus ◽

Elena V. Syurina ◽

Tanya Brückner ◽

Evangelos C. Fradelos ◽

Ioanna V. Papathanasiou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Interpersonal Communication ◽

Learned Helplessness ◽

Well Being ◽

Positive Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Societal Participation ◽

The Impact

The aim: Youth are important societal actors. This is especially relevant when considering countries in transition such as Ukraine. This study examines well-being and societal participation – both key signifiers of mental health – of youth in Ukraine. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey with open and closed questions was utilized (n= 1562). Participants were asked to reflect on social concerns and to evaluate their well-being in different life spheres and their own mental health through activities such as interpersonal communication, self-perception and relaxation. Results: Students showed positive mental health through their daily activities, but mental health indicated by life satisfaction ranged according to activities, age, gender and environment. Willingness to volunteer and connection to life can be attributed to feelings of learned helplessness in the face of problems deemed too complex, and participation in volunteering was linked to positive mental health and feelings of empowerment. Conclusions: The study contributes to understanding the status of Ukrainian youth’s mental health and the ways in which mental health is expressed. The results of the research assist in identifying avenues to reduce the impact of social frustration, improve mental health of citizens of transitional countries, and encourage social stability.

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Prevalence and Measurement of Anxiety and Depression in Nurses During Covid Pandemic in Nepal

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34462/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pramila Karki ◽

George B. J. Katwal ◽

Ayush Chandra ◽

Avinash Chandra

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

General Anxiety Disorder ◽

General Anxiety ◽

Validated Questionnaire

Abstract BackgroundAnxiety and depression are under reported, underdiagnosed mental illness inhealth worker in Nepal especially during COVID pandemic.The study was carried out as an observational studyon nurses in Nepal. In this study we attempted to assess the incidence and impact of depression and anxietyin nurses who are working upfront in different hospitals during this crisis.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study is to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression among nurses in Nepal during COVID pandemic who are working in various hospitals.MethodA cross-sectional non-probability purposive sampling with observational analysis was carried out and the sample was collected from nurses working in different hospitals. Prevalence of anxiety and depression was assessed using a structured and validated questionnaire. Anxiety was assessed with theHamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), General Anxiety Disorder Questionnaires (GAD) with a cut-off score for various levels of anxiety while Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)was used to assess depression.ResultThe analysis of these different scales revealed that disabling anxiety prevailed at highest (43.6%) in nursing staff according to HAM-A scale. Moderateanxiety also seemed to be higher (>20%) in GAD questionnaire. ConclusionThis is the first study carried out in Nepal that investigates the mental health of nurses who are working in the frontline in this COVID pandemic situation. The study revealed that our nurses who have given their life in the line are suffering from serious mental health problems.

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A preliminary survey on the religious profile of Brazilian psychiatrists and their approach to patients' religiosity in clinical practice

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.002816 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 346-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maria Cecilia Menegatti-Chequini ◽

Juliane P.B. Gonçalves ◽

Frederico C. Leão ◽

Mario F. P. Peres ◽

Homero Vallada

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Religious Affiliation ◽

Preliminary Survey ◽

Health It ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Spirituality Training

BackgroundAlthough there is evidence of a relationship between religion/ spirituality and mental health, it remains unclear how Brazilian psychiatrists deal with the religion/spirituality of their patients.AimsTo explore whether Brazilian psychiatrists enquire about religion/spirituality in their practice and whether their own beliefs influence their work.MethodFour hundred and eighty-four Brazilian psychiatrists completed a cross-sectional survey on religion/spirituality and clinical practice.ResultsMost psychiatrists had a religious affiliation (67.4%) but more than half of the 484 participants (55.5%) did not usually enquire about patients' religion/spirituality. The most common reasons for not assessing patients' religion/spirituality were ‘being afraid of exceeding the role of a doctor’ (30.2%) and ‘lack of training’ (22.3%).ConclusionsVery religious/spiritual psychiatrists were the most likely to ask about their patients' religion/spirituality. Training in how to deal with a patient's religiosity might help psychiatrists to develop better patient rapport and may contribute to the patient's quicker recovery.

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Use of online cultural content for mental health and well-being during COVID-19 restrictions: cross-sectional survey

BJPsych Bulletin ◽

10.1192/bjb.2021.103 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Rebecca J. Syed Sheriff ◽

Helen Adams ◽

Evgenia Riga ◽

Andrew K. Przybylski ◽

Laura Bonsaver ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Well Being ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Online Culture ◽

Reported Data ◽

June July ◽

The Uk ◽

Health And Well Being

Aims and method To gain a deeper understanding of the use of online culture and its potential benefits to mental health and well-being, sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported data on usage, perceived mental health benefits and health status were collected in an online cross-sectional survey during COVID-19 restrictions in the UK in June–July 2020. Results In total, 1056 people completed the survey. A high proportion of participants reported finding online culture helpful for mental health; all but one of the benefits were associated with regular use and some with age. Reported benefits were wide-ranging and interconnected. Those aged under 25 years were less likely to be regular users of online culture or to have increased their use during lockdown. Clinical implications There may be benefits in targeting cultural resources for mental health to vulnerable groups such as young adults.

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