scholarly journals Feeding-Induced Cortisol Response in Newborn Infants

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 4450-4455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kinoshita ◽  
Sachiko Iwata ◽  
Hisayoshi Okamura ◽  
Kennosuke Tsuda ◽  
Mamoru Saikusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Diurnal Rhythms ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Prolonged Feeding

Abstract Context Understanding the biological rhythms and stress response in sick newborns is important to minimize the negative effects of intensive care. Salivary cortisol has been used as a noninvasive surrogate marker of adrenal function; however, understanding of its control variables is insufficient. Objective To investigate the presence of feeding-induced cortisol response and its control variables in newborns. Design, Setting, and Patients Fifty-three newborn infants, who were between 30 and 40 weeks’ corrected age and were on 3-hourly regular oral/enteral feeding, were recruited between January 2013 and June 2014. Main Outcome Measure Saliva samples were collected before and 1 hour after regular feeding. Dependence of cortisol levels (adjusted for postnatal age) and their feeding-related elevation on clinical variables was assessed by using generalized estimating equations. Results Higher cortisol levels were associated with corrected age ≥37 weeks and saliva samples collected after feeding (both P < 0.001). Oral feeding was associated with a greater feeding-induced cortisol response compared with exclusive enteral feeding (P = 0.034), whereas a prolonged feeding duration (≥30 minutes) was associated with a reduced cortisol response compared with brief feeding (<30 minutes) (P < 0.001). Gestational age, corrected age, antenatal/postnatal glucocorticoids, type of milk, and daily feeding volume had no effect on cortisol response. Conclusions Feeding-induced cortisol response was observed in newborns. The cortisol response was more prominent following oral feeding and was reduced with prolonged feeding. Future studies may investigate whether feeding-induced cortisol response plays a role in the acquisition of adrenal ultradian and diurnal rhythms.

Breathing pattern and ventilation during oral feeding in term newborn infants

1985 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 810-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oommen P. Mathew ◽  
Mark L. Clark ◽  
Maria L. Pronske ◽  
Hortencia G. Luna-Solarzano ◽  
Mary Dale Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Term Newborn

scholarly journals Extensive parapharyngeal and skull base neuroglial ectopia; a challenge for differential diagnosis and treatment: case report

2010 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 302-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulianno Molina de Melo ◽  
Gabrielle do Nascimento Holanda Gonçalves ◽  
Ricardo Antenor de Souza e Souza ◽  
Danilo Anunciatto Sguillar
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Infratemporal Fossa ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Feeding Difficulties ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision

CONTEXT: Neuroglial ectopia has been defined as a mass composed of differentiated neuroectodermal tissue isolated from the spinal canal or cranial cavity and remains rare. This lesion has to be considered in the differential diagnosis among newborn infants with classical symptoms of respiratory distress, neck mass and feeding difficulties. We present a rare case of extensive parapharyngeal and skull base neuroglial ectopia in 6-month-old girl who presented respiratory and feeding obstruction at birth. CASE REPORT: A six-month-old girl who presented upper respiratory and feeding obstruction at birth and was using tracheostomy and gastrostomy tubes was referred to our institution. Complete surgical excision of the mass consisted of a transcervical-transparotid approach with extension to the infratemporal fossa by means of a lateral transzygomatic incision, allowing preservation of all vital neurovascular structures. The anatomopathological examination showed a solid mass with nests of neural tissue, with some neurons embedded in poorly encapsulated fibrovascular stroma, without mitotic areas, and with presence of functioning choroid plexus in the immunohistochemistry assay. Neurovascular function was preserved, thus allowing postoperative decannulation and oral feeding. Despite the large size of the mass, the child has completed one year and six months of follow-up without complications or recurrence. Neuroglial ectopia needs to be considered in diagnosing airway obstruction among newborns. Surgical treatment is the best choice and should be performed on clinically stable patients. An algorithm to guide the differential diagnosis and improve the treatment was proposed.

scholarly journals Cortisol and antisocial behavior in early adolescence: The role of gender in an economically disadvantaged sample

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Kobak ◽  
Kristyn Zajac ◽  
Seymour Levine
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Economically Disadvantaged ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Disadvantaged Families

AbstractThis study examines the relation between adolescents' antisocial behaviors and adrenocortical activity during a laboratory visit in a sample of economically disadvantaged families (N= 116, ages 12–14, 51% female). Pretask cortisol levels indexed adolescents' prechallenge response to the lab visit, whereas adolescents' response to a conflict discussion with their caregivers was indexed with residualized change in pre- to postconflict cortisol levels. A trait measure of antisocial behavior (derived from parent, teacher, and self-reports) was associated with lower pretask cortisol levels but greater cortisol response to the conflict discussion. Gender moderated antisocial adolescents' cortisol response to the conflict discussion with girls who reported more covert risky problem behaviors showing an increased cortisol response. The findings suggest that, although antisocial adolescents had lower pretask cortisol levels, conflict discussions with caregivers present a unique challenge to antisocial girls compared with antisocial boys.

scholarly journals Newborn infants’ hair cortisol levels reflect chronic maternal stress during pregnancy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. e0200279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borja Romero-Gonzalez ◽  
Rafael A. Caparros-Gonzalez ◽  
Raquel Gonzalez-Perez ◽  
Pilar Delgado-Puertas ◽  
Maria Isabel Peralta-Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Stress ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Levels

scholarly journals Evaluation of the profile of drug therapy administered through enteral feeding tube in a general hospital in Rio de Janeiro

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Jorge Sobreira da Silva ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Meireles Cava ◽  
Patrícia Kaiser Pedroso ◽  
Débora Omena Futuro
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Feeding Tube ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Enteral Feeding Tube ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Recommended Guidelines

Enteral nutrition (EN) is the method of choice for patients that cannot adequately receive oral feeding despite good gastrointestinal tract condition. Enteral diets may be administered through tube or ostomy placed in the stomach, duodenum or jejunum. The administration of drugs via enteral feeding tube (EFT) is a common practice in hospitals due to patient clinical status, and requires special attention from professionals involved in this process. This study entailed an analysis of the profile of drug therapy through EFT based on evaluation of medical prescriptions of the Medical Clinic of the Hospital dos Servidores do Estado (HSE) of Rio de Janeiro sent to the Pharmacy Service between January and June 2007, according to standard protocols in place. Prescription of drugs via EFT outside recommended guidelines was observed, besides potential drug-nutrient incompatibilities associated with this practice. These results point to the need for improvement of enteral route access and the adoption of measures to promote safe and effective use of drugs and nutritional therapy.

scholarly journals Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in patients with bipolar disorder

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Watson ◽  
Peter Gallagher ◽  
James C. Ritchie ◽  
I. Nicol Ferrier ◽  
Allan H. Young
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
The Core ◽  
Basal Cortisol ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

BackgroundHypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, as variously measured by the responses to the combined dexamethasone/ corticotrophin-releasing hormone (dex/ CRH) test, the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and basal cortisol levels, has been reported to be abnormal in bipolar disorder.AimsTo test the hypothesis that HPA axis dysfunction persists in patients in remission from bipolar disorder.MethodSalivary cortisol levels and the plasma cortisol response to the DST and dex/CRH test were examined in 53 patients with bipolar disorder, 27 of whom fulfilled stringent criteria for remission, and in 28 healthy controls. Serum dexamethasone levels were measured.ResultsPatients with bipolar disorder demonstrated an enhanced cortisol response to the dex/CRH test compared with controls (P=0.001). This response did not differ significantly between remitted and non-remitted patients. These findings were present after the potentially confounding effects of dexamethasone levels were accounted for.ConclusionsThe dex/CRH test is abnormal in both remitted and non-remitted patients with bipolar disorder. Thismeasure of HP Aaxis dysfunction is a potential trait marker in bipolar disorder and thus possibly indicative of the core pathophysiological process in this illness.

scholarly journals Comparison of early versus late enteral feeding following gut anastomosis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2548-2552
Author(s):  
Zohra Jabeen ◽  
Ramlah Ghazanfor ◽  
Muhammad Usman Akram ◽  
Sara Malik ◽  
Maham Tariq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Bowel Sounds ◽  
Early Oral Feeding ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Mean Time

Objectives: To compare early feeding versus late enteral feeding following gut anastomosis in term of hospital stay. Study Design: Prospective Randomized Control study. Setting: Surgical Unit 1, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: April to October 2017. Material & Methods: All patients, excluding paediatric age group (n= 60) undergoing emergency or non-emergency gut resection with primary anastomosis were incorporated. Two strata were devised. Group A (n=30) received early enteral feeding starting at 12th post-operative hours in form of 100-150ml fluid thrice daily. Group B endured being Nil per oral for 72hrs. Both groups were correlated for timing of return of bowel sounds and timespan of hospital stay. P value < 0.05 was considered noteworthy. Results: Overall 60 patients with 30 in each group were incorporated. They were predominantly males (55%) and belonged to middle age group (Group A=31.73+10.78 years; Group B= 36.00+10.53 years). Mean time for return of bowel sounds in both the groups was 24.40+5.88 hours and 35.20+10.88 hours respectively, which was striking (p value <0.05). Mean length of hospital stay in both the groups was also noteworthy i.e. 5.23+0.72 days and 6.40+1.67 days respectively. Conclusion: In the wake of gut anastomosis, early oral feeding at 12hours is superior to delayed oral feeding after 72hours, in terms of mean time for return of bowel sounds and period of hospital stay.

scholarly journals CORTISOL LEVELS MEASURED IN SALIVA OF FULL TERM AND PREMATURE NEWBORN INFANTS. † 812

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 138-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana B Azcárate ◽  
Patricia Fernández ◽  
Ana M Iölster ◽  
Marcela S Lázzari ◽  
Elsa Saposnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Premature Newborn ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Adrenocortical Responsiveness during Courses of Electro-convulsive Therapy

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (522) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elithorn ◽  
P. K. Bridges ◽  
J. R. Hodges ◽  
M. T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Close Similarity ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Electro Convulsive Therapy

In a previous paper (Hodges, Jones, Elithorn and Bridges, 1964) we reported on adrenocortical activity in depressed and schizophrenic patients as revealed by plasma cortisol levels before and after electro-convulsive therapy (E.C.T.). Close similarity was found between the two groups except for three depressed patients who appeared to show considerably higher cortisol levels after the treatment than did the remaining subjects. The patients were examined at random different treatments during the whole treatment course and it appeared possible, both that the observed cortisol response to E.C.T. might depend partly on which treatment of the series in a whole course was under examination, and also that the response of the illness to therapy might be a significant factor. It was therefore decided to observe in a number of subjects the response to successive treatments throughout courses of E.C.T.

Nasal Respiratory Support and Tachypnea and Oral Feeding in Full-Term Newborn Lambs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Alain ◽  
Nathalie Samson ◽  
Charlène Nadeau ◽  
Jean-François Beaudoin ◽  
Camille Lienhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Nasal Cannulae ◽  
Pressure Cuff ◽  
Different Types

Newborn infants with respiratory difficulties frequently require nasal respiratory support such as nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) or high-flow nasal cannulae (HFNC). Oral feeding of these infants under nasal respiratory support remains controversial out of fear of aspiration and cardiorespiratory events. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of oral feeding under different types of nasal respiratory support in newborn lambs without or with tachypnea. Eight lambs aged 4 to 5 days were instrumented to record sucking, swallowing, respiration, ECG, oxygen saturation, and arterial blood gases. Each lamb was given two bottles of 30 mL of milk with a pause of 30 s under videofluoroscopy in four conditions [no respiratory support, nCPAP 6 cmH2O, HFNC 7 L/min, HFNCCPAP (= HFNC 7 L/min + CPAP 6 cmH2O)] administered in random order. The study was conducted in random order over two days, with or without standardized tachypnea induced by thoracic compression with a blood pressure cuff. Generalized linear mixed models were used to compare the four nasal respiratory supports in terms of safety (cardiorespiratory events and aspiration), sucking-swallowing-breathing coordination, and efficacy of oral feeding. Results reveal that no nasal respiratory support impaired the safety of oral feeding. Most of the few laryngeal penetrations we observed occurred with HFNCCPAP. Nasal CPAP modified sucking-swallowing-breathing coordination, whereas the efficiency of oral feeding decreased under HFNCCPAP. Results were similar with or without tachypnea. In conclusion, oral feeding under nasal respiratory support is generally safe in a term lamb, even with tachypnea.

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