Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide Release after Oral Glucose: Relationship to Glucose Intolerance, Diabetes Mellitus, and Obesity

Abstract This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for pregnancy complications and postpartum glucose intolerance (GI) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A total of 140 women with GDM were enrolled. Of these, 115 underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 12 weeks after delivery. Clinical factors and parameters in the antepartum 75-g OGTT associated with pregnancy complications and postpartum GI were evaluated. Women with GDM experienced pregnancy complications, including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP, n=19), preterm delivery (PD, n=17), heavy-for-date (HFD, n=19), and light-for-date (LFD, n=12), and 22 of the 115 women with GDM developed postpartum GI. The univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed the following risk factors: histories of hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 23.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2–134.7; p<0.01) for HDP; histories of hypertension (OR, 9.8; 95% CI, 2.5–38.9; p<0.01) for PD; HbA1c levels (OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 1.5–37.9; p<0.05) for HFD; and oral deposition index (DI) (OR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.02–0.7; p<0.01) for postpartum GI. Higher HbA1c levels and lower oral DI on the antepartum 75-g OGTT may be useful markers for identifying GDM women who are at high risk for HFD and postpartum GI, respectively.

Download Full-text

Prevalenceof diabetes mellitus among Bahrainis attending primary health care centres

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/1996.2.2.274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 274-282

Author(s):

Farouq I. Al Zurba ◽

A. Al Garf

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glucose Intolerance ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

High Prevalence ◽

History Of ◽

Reflectance Meter ◽

Total Glucose

A sample of 573 subjects from a Bahraini population aged 20 years and above was randomly selected from persons attending four health centres. The capillary blood glucose level was measured with reflectance meter 2 hours after administering 75 g oral glucose in people with negative history for diabetes. An alarmingly high prevalence of total glucose intolerance was found. The observed prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus was 25.5%, with a further 14.7% prevalence for glucose intolerance. Hypertension and positive family history of diabetes among diabetic subjects were 27.6% and 41.7%, respectively, and mean body mass index was 27.9 +/- 5.2. Effective primary prevention strategies are needed, to be intensified among high risk groups. Awareness of the disease needs to be promoted

Download Full-text

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) response to an oral glucose load in the patients with diabetes mellitus.

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1620/tjem.139.287 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 139 (3) ◽

pp. 287-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

CHIYUKI NAKANOME ◽

HIROAKI AKAI ◽

MASANORI UMEZU ◽

TAKAYOSHI TOYOTA ◽

YOSHIO GOTO

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Load ◽

Glucose Load ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Download Full-text

High protein and cholesterol intakes associated with emergence of glucose intolerance in a low-risk Canadian Inuit population

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980015003080 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 1804-1811 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saghar Sefidbakht ◽

Louise Johnson-Down ◽

T Kue Young ◽

Grace M Egeland

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Glucose Intolerance ◽

High Protein ◽

The Arctic ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Multivariable Analyses

AbstractObjectiveThe rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus among Inuit is 12·2 % in individuals over 50 years of age, similar to the Canadian prevalence. Given marked dietary transitions in the Arctic, we evaluated the dietary and other correlates of not previously diagnosed glucose intolerance, defined as type 2 diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance.DesignCross-sectional analyses were limited to adults with a completed 2 h oral glucose tolerance test and without pre-existing diabetes. Anthropometric assessments, health and medication usage questionnaires and a 24 h dietary recall were administered.SettingCanadian International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey (2007–2008).SubjectsInuit adults (n 777).ResultsGlucose intolerance was associated with older age and adiposity. Percentage of energy from protein above the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range of 35 %, compared with intake within the range, was associated with increased odds of glucose intolerance (OR=1·98; 95 % CI 1·09, 3·61) in multivariable analyses. Further, cholesterol intake in the highest three quartiles combined (median exposures of 207, 416 and 778 mg/d, respectively) compared with the lowest quartile (median intake of 81 mg/d) was associated with glucose intolerance (OR=2·15; 95 % CI 1·23, 3·78) in multivariable analyses. Past-day traditional food consumption was borderline protective of glucose intolerance (P=0·054) and high fibre intake was not significantly protective (P=0·08).ConclusionsThe results contribute to the existing literature on high protein and cholesterol intakes as they may relate to diabetes risk.

Download Full-text

Prediction of Glucose Intolerance in Early Postpartum in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Based on the 2013 WHO Criteria

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8030383 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 383 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Katrien Benhalima ◽

Paul Van Crombrugge ◽

Carolien Moyson ◽

Johan Verhaeghe ◽

Sofie Vandeginste ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glucose Intolerance ◽

Challenge Test ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

World Health ◽

High Risk Population ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Who Criteria

Predictors for glucose intolerance postpartum were evaluated in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on the 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. 1841 women were tested for GDM in a prospective cohort study. A postpartum 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in women with GDM at 14 ± 4.1 weeks. Of all 231 mothers with GDM, 83.1% (192) had a postpartum OGTT of which 18.2% (35) had glucose intolerance. Women with glucose intolerance were more often of Asian origin [15.1% vs. 3.7%, OR 4.64 (1.26–17.12)], had more often a recurrent history of GDM [41.7% vs. 26.7%, OR 3.68 (1.37–9.87)], higher fasting glycaemia (FPG) [5.1 (4.5–5.3) vs. 4.6 (4.3–5.1) mmol/L, OR 1.05 (1.01–1.09)], higher HbA1c [33 (31–36) vs. 32 (30–33) mmol/mol, OR 4.89 (1.61–14.82)], and higher triglycerides [2.2 (1.9–2.8) vs. 2.0 (1.6–2.5) mmol/L, OR 1.00 (1.00–1.01)]. Sensitivity of glucose challenge test (GCT) ≥7.2 mmol/l for glucose intolerance postpartum was 80% (63.1%–91.6%). The area under the curve to predict glucose intolerance was 0.76 (0.65–0.87) for FPG, 0.54 (0.43–0.65) for HbA1c and 0.75 (0.64–0.86) for both combined. In conclusion, nearly one-fifth of women with GDM have glucose intolerance postpartum. A GCT ≥7.2 mmol/L identifies a high risk population for glucose intolerance postpartum.

Download Full-text

Predictors of postpartum glucose intolerance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study in Ethiopia based on the updated diagnostic criteria

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036882 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. e036882

Author(s):

Achenef Asmamaw Muche ◽

Oladapo O Olayemi ◽

Yigzaw Kebede Gete

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glucose Intolerance ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Fasting Plasma

ObjectivesTo identify the incidence of postpartum glucose intolerance and develop a prediction model based on antenatal characteristics to predict postpartum glucose intolerance.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingGondar town public health facilities in Northwest Ethiopia.ParticipantsWomen who had gestational diabetes mellitus were advised to undergo postpartum oral glucose tolerance test at 6–12 weeks of delivery.Main outcomePostpartum glucose intolerance.Data analysisPredictors of postpartum glucose intolerance were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The discriminative power of the predictor variables for postpartum glucose intolerance and the model accuracy were computed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and estimated by area under the curve (AUC) with 95% CI.ResultsA total of 112 (85.5%) women with gestational diabetes mellitus returned and completed the postpartum oral glucose tolerance test. The incidence of postpartum glucose intolerance was 21.4% (95% CI14.3 to 28.4), inclusive of 18.7% pre-diabetes and 2.7% diabetes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that advanced maternal age, high fasting plasma glucose level at diagnosis, overweight and/or obesity, and antenatal depression were predictors of postpartum glucose intolerance. The AUC of the final reduced model to predict postpartum glucose intolerance was 0.884 (95% CI 0.822 to 0.937). Fasting plasma glucose at diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (AUC=0.736, 95% CI0.616 to 0.845) and overweight and/or obesity (AUC=0.718, 95% CI 0.614 to 0.814) were better predictors of postpartum glucose intolerance. Moreover, the AUC for the combined predictors of fasting plasma glucose at diagnosis and mid-upper arm circumference was 0.822 (95% CI 0.722 to 0.907), which was the best predictor.ConclusionsThe incidence of postpartum glucose intolerance was high among women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Antenatal predictors modestly predicted postpartum glucose intolerance. The findings suggest ongoing glucose screening is indicated for all women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Download Full-text

GROWTH HORMONE RESPONSES TO FRUCTOSE IN DIABETES MELLITUS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0750497 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 497-502

Author(s):

Mayer B. Davidson ◽

Roger M. Steele

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Growth Hormone ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Gh Secretion ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Duration Of Disease ◽

Hormone Responses

ABSTRACT Since fructose is normally metabolized in diabetics and has recently been shown to stimulate GH secretion, it was used to assess GH responses in diabetics. Fourteen diabetics (9 on insulin) and 8 controls matched for weight were studied. Fructose, infused over 10 min, was compared to arginine, infused over 30 min, both at 0.5 g/kg. Samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min and GH responses assessed as area under the curve minus the fasting area. There was no significant difference between the GH responses in diabetics and controls to either agent. Responses to arginine and fructose were significantly correlated (r = 0.60, P < 0.01) in all subjects, but not related to therapy, duration of disease or fasting glucose (75–287 mg/100 ml) in the diabetics. Oral glucose blunted the GH response to fructose in 2 controls. It is concluded that 1) fructose can stimulate GH secretion in male diabetics; 2) however, fructose-stimulated GH responses are not increased in diabetes mellitus.

Download Full-text

Cinammon (Cinnamomum Spp.) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research ◽

10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.18:247-255 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 247-255

Author(s):

Sierra-Puente D. ◽

Abadi-Alfie S. ◽

Arakanchi-Altaled K. ◽

Bogard-Brondo M. ◽

García-Lascurain M. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Key Aspects

Spices such as cinnamon (Cinnamomum Spp.) have been of interest due to their phytochemical composition that exert hypoglycemic effects with potential for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We summarize data from 27 manuscripts that include, one book chapter, 3 review articles, 10 randomized controlled trials, 4 systematic reviews with meta-analysis, and 9 preclinical studies. The most frequently used cinnamon variety was Cinnamomum cassia rather than the Cinnamomum zeylanicum, whereas outcomes were defined as fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and oral glucose tolerance test. A great variability in methodology such as different doses (from 120 mg to 6 g), duration of intervention, data retrieved and use of different concomitant medication, were found to be key aspects of most of trials and systematic reviews with meta-analysis available to date. Low quality studies have been made in most cases with a lot of heterogeneity clouding significance of results. More research needs to be done in order to yield accurate evidence for evidence-based recommendations. Its use is not currently a reliable nor advisable option for the treatment of T2DM.

Download Full-text