scholarly journals Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Rat Hypothalamus by Sex Steroid Hormones

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Simerly ◽  
Beckie J. Young
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Rat Hypothalamus

scholarly journals Carcinogenesis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Sex Steroid Hormones

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2588
Author(s):  
Naoko Honma ◽  
Yoko Matsuda ◽  
Tetuo Mikami
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks an effective treatment target and is usually associated with a poor clinical outcome; however, hormone unresponsiveness, which is the most important biological characteristic of TNBC, only means the lack of nuclear estrogenic signaling through the classical estrogen receptor (ER), ER-α. Several sex steroid receptors other than ER-α: androgen receptor (AR), second ER, ER-β, and non-nuclear receptors represented by G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), are frequently expressed in TNBC and their biological and clinical importance has been suggested by a large number of studies. Despite the structural similarity between each sex steroid hormone (androgens and estrogens) or each receptor (AR and ER-β), and similarity in the signaling mechanisms of these hormones, most studies or reviews focused on one of these receptors, and rarely reviewed them in a comprehensive way. Considering the coexistence of these hormones and their receptors in TNBC in a clinical setting, a comprehensive viewpoint would be important to correctly understand the association between the carcinogenic mechanism or pathobiology of TNBC and sex steroid hormones. In this review, the carcinogenic or pathobiological role of sex steroid hormones in TNBC is considered, focusing on the common and divergent features of the action of these hormones.

scholarly journals Lymphoma and The Microenvironmental Cross-Talk between Sex Hormone Receptors and Epstein-Barr Virus in Predicting Lymphoma Clinical Status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahed J Alkhatib
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Epstein Barr

Lymphoma is a significant clinical entity because of its high incidence and complicated etiology and pathology. In this chapter, we discussed lymphoma in general and made focus in our previous studies in which we found unique features linking the interaction of EBV with sex steroid hormones in lymphoma cells. Sex steroid hormones included estrogen receptor and progesterone receptors that were investigated for their expression in malignant lymphoid cells. The localization of EBV in malignant lymphoid cells was also investigated. The two main types of lymphoma, Hodgkin Lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, were investigated for the interaction of EBV with sex steroid hormones. Unique features were obtained in terms of a bridge-linking estrogen receptor with EBV in Hodgkin lymphoma and progesterone receptor with EBV in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The interactions between EBV and lymphoma are classic, but the reasons beyond this are not well established. The results of our studies highlighted new features by the existence of expressed sex steroid receptors. We think that the dissociation of combination between sex steroid hormones and EBV bears the link to design new therapeutic strategies for lymphoma.

scholarly journals Estrogen Receptor β as a Candidate Regulator of Sex Differences in the Maternal Immune Activation Model of ASD

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline L. Arnold ◽  
Kaoru Saijo
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Maternal Immune Activation ◽  
Specific Regulation

Interestingly, more males are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) than females, yet the mechanism behind this difference is unclear. Genes on the sex chromosomes and differential regulation by sex steroid hormones and their receptors are both candidate mechanisms to explain this sex-dependent phenotype. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a large family of transcription factors, including sex hormone receptors, that mediate ligand-dependent transcription and may play key roles in sex-specific regulation of immunity and brain development. Infection during pregnancy is known to increase the probability of developing ASD in humans, and a mouse model of maternal immune activation (MIA), which is induced by injecting innate immune stimulants into pregnant wild-type mice, is commonly used to study ASD. Since this model successfully recaptures the behavioral phenotypes and male bias observed in ASD, we will discuss the potential role of sex steroid hormones and their receptors, especially focusing on estrogen receptor (ER)β, in MIA and how this signaling may modulate transcription and subsequent inflammation in myeloid-lineage cells to contribute to the etiology of this neurodevelopmental disorder.

scholarly journals Associations between female lung cancer risk and sex steroid hormones: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the worldwide epidemiological evidence on endogenous and exogenous sex steroid hormones

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zeng ◽  
Zhuoyu Yang ◽  
Jiang Li ◽  
Yan Wen ◽  
Zheng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Exposure ◽  
Female Lung Cancer

Abstract Background Published findings suggest sex differences in lung cancer risk and a potential role for sex steroid hormones. Our aim was to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of sex steroid hormone exposure specifically on the risk of lung cancer in women. Methods The PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for female lung cancer risk associated with sex steroid hormones were calculated overall and by study design, publication year, population, and smoking status. Sensitivity analysis, publication bias, and subgroup analysis were performed. Results Forty-eight studies published between 1987 and 2019 were included in the study with a total of 31,592 female lung cancer cases and 1,416,320 subjects without lung cancer. Overall, higher levels of sex steroid hormones, both endogenous (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87–0.98) and exogenous (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.80–0.93), significantly decreased the risk of female lung cancer by 10% (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86–0.95). The risk of lung cancer decreased more significantly with a higher level of sex steroid hormones in non-smoking women (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–0.99) than in smoking women (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.77–1.03), especially in Asia women (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74–0.96). Conclusions Our meta-analysis reveals an association between higher levels of sex steroid hormone exposure and the decreased risk of female lung cancer. Surveillance of sex steroid hormones might be used for identifying populations at high risk for lung cancer, especially among non-smoking women.

Circulating Levels of Sex Steroid Hormones and Gastric Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelda A. Leal ◽  
Minkyo Song ◽  
Jovanny Zabaleta ◽  
Gilberto Medina-Escobedo ◽  
Patrick Caron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Circulating Levels
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