scholarly journals Lymphoma and The Microenvironmental Cross-Talk between Sex Hormone Receptors and Epstein-Barr Virus in Predicting Lymphoma Clinical Status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahed J Alkhatib
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Epstein Barr

Lymphoma is a significant clinical entity because of its high incidence and complicated etiology and pathology. In this chapter, we discussed lymphoma in general and made focus in our previous studies in which we found unique features linking the interaction of EBV with sex steroid hormones in lymphoma cells. Sex steroid hormones included estrogen receptor and progesterone receptors that were investigated for their expression in malignant lymphoid cells. The localization of EBV in malignant lymphoid cells was also investigated. The two main types of lymphoma, Hodgkin Lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, were investigated for the interaction of EBV with sex steroid hormones. Unique features were obtained in terms of a bridge-linking estrogen receptor with EBV in Hodgkin lymphoma and progesterone receptor with EBV in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The interactions between EBV and lymphoma are classic, but the reasons beyond this are not well established. The results of our studies highlighted new features by the existence of expressed sex steroid receptors. We think that the dissociation of combination between sex steroid hormones and EBV bears the link to design new therapeutic strategies for lymphoma.

scholarly journals Estrogen Receptor β as a Candidate Regulator of Sex Differences in the Maternal Immune Activation Model of ASD

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline L. Arnold ◽  
Kaoru Saijo
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Maternal Immune Activation ◽  
Specific Regulation

Interestingly, more males are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) than females, yet the mechanism behind this difference is unclear. Genes on the sex chromosomes and differential regulation by sex steroid hormones and their receptors are both candidate mechanisms to explain this sex-dependent phenotype. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a large family of transcription factors, including sex hormone receptors, that mediate ligand-dependent transcription and may play key roles in sex-specific regulation of immunity and brain development. Infection during pregnancy is known to increase the probability of developing ASD in humans, and a mouse model of maternal immune activation (MIA), which is induced by injecting innate immune stimulants into pregnant wild-type mice, is commonly used to study ASD. Since this model successfully recaptures the behavioral phenotypes and male bias observed in ASD, we will discuss the potential role of sex steroid hormones and their receptors, especially focusing on estrogen receptor (ER)β, in MIA and how this signaling may modulate transcription and subsequent inflammation in myeloid-lineage cells to contribute to the etiology of this neurodevelopmental disorder.

scholarly journals Carcinogenesis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Sex Steroid Hormones

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2588
Author(s):  
Naoko Honma ◽  
Yoko Matsuda ◽  
Tetuo Mikami
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks an effective treatment target and is usually associated with a poor clinical outcome; however, hormone unresponsiveness, which is the most important biological characteristic of TNBC, only means the lack of nuclear estrogenic signaling through the classical estrogen receptor (ER), ER-α. Several sex steroid receptors other than ER-α: androgen receptor (AR), second ER, ER-β, and non-nuclear receptors represented by G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), are frequently expressed in TNBC and their biological and clinical importance has been suggested by a large number of studies. Despite the structural similarity between each sex steroid hormone (androgens and estrogens) or each receptor (AR and ER-β), and similarity in the signaling mechanisms of these hormones, most studies or reviews focused on one of these receptors, and rarely reviewed them in a comprehensive way. Considering the coexistence of these hormones and their receptors in TNBC in a clinical setting, a comprehensive viewpoint would be important to correctly understand the association between the carcinogenic mechanism or pathobiology of TNBC and sex steroid hormones. In this review, the carcinogenic or pathobiological role of sex steroid hormones in TNBC is considered, focusing on the common and divergent features of the action of these hormones.

scholarly journals Sex Steroid Hormones and Cell Dynamics in the Periodontium

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Mariotti
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Cell Dynamics ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
The Relationship

The biological changes that occur in tissues of the periodontium during puberty, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, menopause, and oral contraceptive use have heightened interest in the relationship between sex steroid hormones and periodontal health. These clinical observations coupled with tissue specificity of hormone localization, identification of hormone receptors, as well as the metabolism of hormones have strongly suggested that periodontal tissues are targets for androgens, estrogens, and progestins. The etiologies of periodontal endocrinopathies are diverse; nonetheless, periodontal pathologies may be a consequence of the actions and interactions of sex steroid hormones on specific cells found in the periodontium.

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