scholarly journals Y-Balance test asymmetry is greater in collegiate athletes with a history of concussion

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (23 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S26.1-S26
Author(s):  
Hoch Matthew ◽  
Curry Nicole ◽  
Hartley-Gabriel Emily ◽  
Heebner Nicholas ◽  
Hoch Johanna
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Extremity Injury ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Athletes with a history of concussion (HC) are at an increased risk of sustaining lower extremity injuries. It is unclear if these individuals exhibit dynamic postural control deficits associated with lower extremity injury risk. The purpose of this study was to determine if collegiate athletes with a HC demonstrate differences in Y-Balance Test (YBT) performance compared to athletes with no history of concussion (NHC). A total of 116 varsity and club athletes from a Division-I university participated. Forty participants reported a HC (female/male: 31/9, age: 20.0 ± 1.4 years, height: 169.3 ± 13.1 cm, mass: 68.4 ± 14.0 kg) while 76 reported NHC (female/male: 60/16, age: 20.0 ± 1.7 years, height: 168.5 ± 12.9 cm, mass: 68.7 ± 14.6 kg). Individuals with a current concussion or lower extremity injury, or a history of lower extremity surgery were excluded. Participants completed the YBT anterior reach direction barefoot on both limbs. The YBT was completed by maximally reaching anteriorly, maintaining balance, and returning to the starting position without errors. Participants completed 4 practice trials and 3 test trials. Reach distances were averaged and normalized to leg length. Between-limb asymmetry was calculated as the absolute difference between the left and right limbs. Separate independent t-tests examined group differences in normalized reach distances and asymmetry. The proportion of participants in each group with >4 cm of asymmetry was compared using a χ2 test. Alpha was set at 0.05 for all analyses. No group differences were identified in normalized reach distances for the left (HC: 61.4% ± 9.2%, NHC: 60.8% ± 6.2%, p = 0.88, ES = 0.08) or right (HC: 61.4% ± 6.2%, NHC: 60.2% ± 6.8%, p = 0.51, ES = 0.17) limbs. However, a greater proportion of HC participants demonstrated >4 cm asymmetry (HC: 40.0%, NHC: 19.7%; p = 0.02) and these participants exhibited greater asymmetry (HC: 3.87 ± 3.69 cm, NHC: 2.40 ± 2.13 cm, p = 0.03; ES = 0.53). Athletes with a HC exhibited greater asymmetry compared to athletes with NHC. Anterior reach asymmetries of >4 cm are associated with greater lower extremity injury risk. The YBT may provide a clinical technique to further explore the relationship between concussion and lower extremity injury.

scholarly journals Association of Competition Volume, Club Sports, and Sport Specialization With Sex and Lower Extremity Injury History in High School Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 518-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric G. Post ◽  
David R. Bell ◽  
Stephanie M. Trigsted ◽  
Adam Y. Pfaller ◽  
Scott J. Hetzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Extremity Injury ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Club Sport

Background: High school athletes are increasingly encouraged to participate in 1 sport year-round to increase their sport skills. However, no study has examined the association of competition volume, club sport participation, and sport specialization with sex and lower extremity injury (LEI) in a large sample of high school athletes. Hypothesis: Increased competition volume, participating on a club team outside of school sports, and high levels of specialization will all be associated with a history of LEI. Girls will be more likely to engage in higher competition volume, participate on a club team, and be classified as highly specialized. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: High school athletes completed a questionnaire prior to the start of their competitive season regarding their sport participation and previous injury history. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associations of competition volume, club sport participation, and sport specialization with history of LEI, adjusting for sex. Results: A cohort of 1544 high school athletes (780 girls; grades 9-12) from 29 high schools completed the questionnaire. Girls were more likely to participate at high competition volume (23.2% vs 11.0%, χ2 = 84.7, P < 0.001), participate on a club team (61.2% vs 37.2%, χ2 = 88.3, P < 0.001), and be highly specialized (16.4% vs 10.4%, χ2 = 19.7, P < 0.001). Athletes with high competition volume, who participated in a club sport, or who were highly specialized had greater odds of reporting a previous LEI than those with low competition volume (odds ratio [OR], 2.08; 95% CI, 1.55-2.80; P < 0.001), no club sport participation (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.20-1.88; P < 0.001), or low specialization (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.88-3.54; P < 0.001), even after adjusting for sex. Conclusion: Participating in high sport volume, on a club team, or being highly specialized was associated with history of LEI. Girls were more likely to participate at high volumes, be active on club teams, or be highly specialized, potentially placing them at increased risk of injury. Clinical Relevance: Youth athletes, parents, and clinicians should be aware of the potential risks of intense, year-round participation in organized sports.

scholarly journals USING MOVEMENT SCREENING TESTS AND BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS TO DIFFERENTIATE POST-CONCUSSION PEDIATRIC SOCCER ATHLETES FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0014
Author(s):  
Scott O. Burkhart
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Extremity Injury ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Movement Screening ◽  
Deep Squat ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Recently, 2 controlled prospective studies of collegiate student-athletes identified 1.6 to 2.5 increased risk of subsequent lower extremity injury following concussion (Books et al., 2016; Lynall et al., 2015). The purpose of the study is to determine the potential clinical utility and application of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Y Balance Test (YBT), Tuck Jump Assessment (TJA), and Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) in a sample of post-concussion soccer athletes and a sample of healthy age and gender matched soccer athlete controls to identify differences. Differentiation was defined as significance in raw score performance on the FMS, YBT, TJA, LESS. Prospective data was collected on lower extremity injury within 6-months post-concussion. Methods: The study participants were administered the FMS, YBT, TJA, and LESS in successive order by a licensed athletic trainer. All measures were administered in a biomechanical lab setting. Post-concussion soccer athletes were administered the FMS, YBT, TJA, and LESS after receiving formal medical clearance from a licensed physician. Post-concussion soccer athletes were matched with healthy soccer athlete controls by age, gender, and years of participation. All study participants were administered screening measures at rest. All demographic and raw data were summarized using descriptive statistics with point estimates and 95% confidence intervals calculated for all end points. Independent sample t-tests were performed at <0.05 to measure significant differences between groups. Results: 50 (17 female, 33 male; mean age=14.1; mean years of participation=6.8) post-concussion soccer athletes and 50 (17 female, 33 male; mean age=14.3; mean years of participation=6.7) matched soccer athlete controls were administered the FMS, YBT, TJA, and LESS. Significant differences were observed between the post-concussion and control groups on FMS Deep Squat ( t=-9.76, p=<0.001), Inline Lung ( t=-8.43, p=<0.001), and LESS total score (t=-9.21, p=<0.001). No other significant differences were observed. Conclusions: The current study identified the FMS, YBT, TJA, and LESS as potential movement screening tests in which differences could be observed in a sample of post-concussion and healthy control soccer athletes. Results from the current study identified specific differences between groups with respect to movement screening test performance on the FMS Deep Squat, Inline Lunge, and LESS total score. Further research is warranted to clearly define the observed differences. Clinicians should consider these findings when providing recommendations and discussing recovery in concussion patients.

Injury Risk In Athletes With And Without A History Of Lower Extremity Injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Beltz ◽  
Hayley J. Root ◽  
Jessica L. Martinez ◽  
Samantha E. Scarneo ◽  
Lindsay J. DiStefano
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Extremity Injury ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Soccer-Specific Warm-Up and Lower Extremity Injury Rates in Collegiate Male Soccer Players

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin R. Grooms ◽  
Thomas Palmer ◽  
James A. Onate ◽  
Gregory D. Myer ◽  
Terry Grindstaff
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Extremity Injury ◽  
Warm Up

Context: A number of comprehensive injury-prevention programs have demonstrated injury risk-reduction effects but have had limited adoption across athletic settings. This may be due to program noncompliance, minimal exercise supervision, lack of exercise progression, and sport specificity. A soccer-specific program described as the F-MARC 11+ was developed by an expert group in association with the Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC) to require minimal equipment and implementation as part of regular soccer training. The F-MARC 11+ has been shown to reduce injury risk in youth female soccer players but has not been evaluated in an American male collegiate population. Objective: To investigate the effects of a soccer-specific warm-up program (F-MARC 11+) on lower extremity injury incidence in male collegiate soccer players. Design: Cohort study. Setting: One American collegiate soccer team followed for 2 seasons. Patients or Other Participants: Forty-one male collegiate athletes aged 18–25 years. Intervention(s): The F-MARC 11+ program is a comprehensive warm-up program targeting muscular strength, body kinesthetic awareness, and neuromuscular control during static and dynamic movements. Training sessions and program progression were monitored by a certified athletic trainer. Main Outcome Measure(s): Lower extremity injury risk and time lost to lower extremity injury. Results: The injury rate in the referent season was 8.1 injuries per 1000 exposures with 291 days lost and 2.2 injuries per 1000 exposures and 52 days lost in the intervention season. The intervention season had reductions in the relative risk (RR) of lower extremity injury of 72% (RR = 0.28, 95% confidence interval = 0.09, 0.85) and time lost to lower extremity injury (P &lt; .01). Conclusions: This F-MARC 11+ program reduced overall risk and severity of lower extremity injury compared with controls in collegiate-aged male soccer athletes.

Lower Extremity Injury Risk in Youth Female Basketball Athletes with and without a History of Concussion

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Samantha E. Scarneo ◽  
Eleanor M. Beltz ◽  
Hayley J. Root ◽  
Jessica C. Martinez ◽  
Lindsay J. DiStefano
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Extremity Injury ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Concussion in National Football League Athletes Is Not Associated With Increased Risk of Acute, Noncontact Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 232596712110034
Author(s):  
Toufic R. Jildeh ◽  
Fabien Meta ◽  
Jacob Young ◽  
Brendan Page ◽  
Kelechi R. Okoroha
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Extremity Injury ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
And Control

Background: Impaired neuromuscular function after concussion has recently been linked to increased risk of lower extremity injuries in athletes. Purpose: To determine if National Football League (NFL) athletes have an increased risk of sustaining an acute, noncontact lower extremity injury in the 90-day period after return to play (RTP) and whether on-field performance differs pre- and postconcussion. Study Design: Cohort study, Level of evidence, 3. Methods: NFL concussions in offensive players from the 2012-2013 to the 2016-2017 seasons were studied. Age, position, injury location/type, RTP, and athlete factors were noted. A 90-day RTP postconcussive period was analyzed for lower extremity injuries. Concussion and injury data were obtained from publicly available sources. Nonconcussed, offensive skill position NFL athletes from the same period were used as a control cohort, with the 2014 season as the reference season. Power rating performance metrics were calculated for ±1, ±2, and ±3 seasons pre- and postconcussion. Conditional logistic regression was used to determine associations between concussion and lower extremity injury as well as the relationship of concussions to on-field performance. Results: In total, 116 concussions were recorded in 108 NFL athletes during the study period. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of an acute, noncontact lower extremity injury between concussed and control athletes (8.5% vs 12.8%; P = .143), which correlates with an odds ratio of 0.573 (95% CI, 0.270-1.217). Days (66.4 ± 81.9 days vs 45.1 ± 69.2 days; P = .423) and games missed (3.67 ± 3.0 vs 2.9 ± 2.7 games; P = .470) were similar in concussed athletes and control athletes after a lower extremity injury. No significant changes in power ratings were noted in concussed athletes in the acute period (±1 season to injury) when comparing pre- and postconcussion. Conclusion: Concussed, NFL offensive athletes did not demonstrate increased odds of acute, noncontact, lower extremity injury in a 90-day RTP period when compared with nonconcussed controls. Immediate on-field performance of skill position players did not appear to be affected by concussion.

scholarly journals Relationship between BMI and hip muscle strength in young female athletes to prevent lower extremity injury risk: A pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3754-3758
Author(s):  
Akshaya M V ◽  
◽  
Abhilash P V ◽  
Priya S ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
College Level ◽  
Extremity Injury ◽  
Hip Muscle

Background: Early identification of the BMI and muscle weakness, can be promoted for developing future rehabilitation by giving proper training in athletes to reduce chance of injuries especially in female athletes. There-for the purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between BMI and hip muscle strength in young female athletes. Materials and Methods: study was conducted among college level female athletes from different colleges of Mangalore, Karnataka, India. 20 college level female athletes between 18-25 years with free from injury and involved at least 2 hrs. per week training session were included in this study. Athletes were excluded if participant had an acute injury during previous six months, had musculoskeletal surgery within the past year. Results: The total number of 20 young female athletes aged between 18- 25 were included in this study. Detailed results enumerated in detail in the results section. Discussion and Conclusion: There was no relationship between BMI and hip muscle strength. Identifying the relationship between BMI and hip muscle strength may help to prevent lower extremity injury risk in female athletes and specific muscle group training can be given as rehabilitation protocol. KEY WORDS: BMI, Hip Muscle Strength, Female Athletes, Lower Extremity Injury.

scholarly journals Head Impact Kinematics do not Predict In-Season Concussion or Lower Extremity Injury in Ice Hockey

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S30.2-S31
Author(s):  
Melissa DiFabio ◽  
Katherine Breedlove ◽  
Thomas Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Extremity Injury ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo examine if head impact kinematics (HIK) predict in-season concussion or acute lower extremity injury (LEI) in collegiate ice hockey.BackgroundSustaining head impacts in sport regularly may be damaging to long-term neurological health. Individuals who sustain higher head impact loads may be at increased risk for concussion, and furthermore, individuals who sustain a concussion are more likely to sustain a subsequent LEI than those without a history of concussion.Design/MethodsTwenty-nine collegiate club male ice hockey players (age: 20.2 ± 1.4) over the 2015-2018 seasons completed a survey at the conclusion of their season of LEI and concussion in-season. HIK (number of impacts, and mean, peak, and cumulative linear acceleration) were recorded via tri-axial accelerometers (Triax, Nowalk, CT) that each player wore for games/practices with a 10g impact threshold. Two binary logistic regressions were performed to determine if either sustaining a concussion or LEI was predicted by HIK.ResultsThere was no relationship between LEI or concussion with number of impacts (β:-0.018, p = 0.711, 95% CI:-0.12-0.84; β:-0.039, p = 0.55, 95% CI: -0.21-0.08, respectively), or mean (β:0.041, p = 0.79, 95% CI: -0.26-0.38; β:-0.040, p = 0.81, 95% CI: -0.37-0.32), peak (β:-0.065, p = 0.14, 95% CI: -0.16-0.01; β:0.0007, p = 0.99, 95% CI: -0.09-0.09), or cumulative acceleration (β:0.001, p = 0.42, 95% CI: -0.001-0.004; β:0.001, p = 0.55, 95% CI:-0.002-0.005). 7/29 players sustained a LEI and 6/29 sustained a concussion. Mean value for number of impacts was 59.7 ± 49.1 (range:3-171); mean acceleration: 33.9 ± 5.3g (range:22.0-42.22), peak: 71.8 ± 19.0g (range: 30.8-108.4); cumulative: 2,108.5 ± 1,793.8g (range 71.8-6517.2).ConclusionsThe main finding of this study is that greater HIK do not predict whether individuals sustained either an acute LEI or concussion during the season, albeit from a small sample. As HIK load is related to concussion incidence, it is possible HIK load may also be related to LEI, however, these results suggest HIK alone is not related to either in an ice hockey cohort.

No Sex Differences in Risk for Lower-Extremity Musculoskeletal Injury in Concussed Amateur Rugby Players

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (20 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S12.1-S12
Author(s):  
Katelyn Costantini ◽  
Katie Hunzinger ◽  
Charles Buz Swanik ◽  
Thomas A. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rugby Players

ObjectiveTo examine sex differences between concussion and lower-extremity musculoskeletal injury (LE-MSI) in community male and female rugby players.BackgroundThere is an ∼2x elevated risk of post-concussion subsequent MSI in high school through professional athletes. However, the effect of sex on risk is inconsistent and sparse, and rugby provides an ideal population as it’s the only collision sport with the same rules for both sexes.Design/Methods1,037 rugby players (31.6 + 11.3 years, 59.1% male), with at least one year of rugby playing experience, participated in this study, completing an online injury history questionnaire to ascertain concussion (yes/no) and LE-MSI (yes/no) history. A chi-squared test was performed to determine the association between concussion and any LE-MSI; significant findings were followed up with a post hoc odds ratio test. A binary logistic regression with any LE-MSI (yes/no) as the outcome and concussion (yes/no) and sex (male/female) as predictors was performed to determine if there was a sex by concussion interaction.ResultsThere was a significant association between concussion and any LE-MSI for all groups (Overall: ?(1) =13.06, p < 0.001, OR = 2.30 [95% CI: 1.45–3.65]; Males: ?(1) =7.43 p = 0.006, OR = 2.21 [95% CI: 1.24–3.96]; and Females: ?(1) = 5.78, p = 0.016, OR = 2.48 [95% CI: 1.16–5.31]). However, there were no differences for risk of LE-MSI between males and females (p = 0.99, R2 = 0.024).ConclusionsBoth male and female community rugby players had a 2x greater risk of LE-MSI, given a history of concussion compared to those without a history of concussion, which aligns with previous studies focused on collegiate athletes. However, there was no difference in risk of LE-MSI between sexes, contrary to smaller, but more controlled studies. Future research should investigate the potential physiological mechanisms for increased risk of LE-MSI.

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