scholarly journals Lymph heart in chick - somitic origin, development and embryonic oedema

Development ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (24) ◽  
pp. 4427-4436 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Valasek ◽  
R. Macharia ◽  
W. L. Neuhuber ◽  
J. Wilting ◽  
D. L. Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Heart

The innervation of toad lymph hearts: An ultrastructural study

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 898-899
Author(s):  
A.M. Pucci ◽  
C. Fruschelli ◽  
A. Rebuffat ◽  
M. Guarna ◽  
C. Alessandrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Lymph Heart ◽  
Muscular Pump ◽  
Structure And Ultrastructure ◽  
Heart Wall

Amphibians have paired muscular pump organs, called “lymph heart”, which rhythmically pump back the lymph from the large subcutaneous lymph sacs into the veins. The structure and ultrastructure of these organs is well known but to date there is a lack of information about the innervation of lymph hearts. Therefore has been carried out an ultrastructural study in order to study the distribution of the nerve fibers, and the morphology of the neuromuscular junctions in the lymph heart wall.

Direct measurement of flow from the posterior lymph hearts of hydrated and dehydrated toads (Bufo marinus).

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (11) ◽  
pp. 1695-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Jones ◽  
A K Gamperl ◽  
A P Farrell ◽  
D P Toews
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Experimental Chamber ◽  
Doppler Flow ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements ◽  
Pressure Development ◽  
Lymph Heart

Flow from the posterior lymph hearts of Bufo marinus was measured using Doppler flow probes. These probes were placed on the posterior vertebral vein and recorded flow as lymph was ejected from the heart. In resting, hydrated toads, mean lymph flow from one of the paired posterior lymph hearts was 25.9 +/- 4.9 ml kg-1 h-1, stroke volume was 8.9 +/- 1.4 microL kg-1 and lymph heart rate was 47.5 +/- 3.7 beats min-1. We estimate that, together, the paired posterior lymph hearts are capable of generating flows that are approximately one-sixtieth of the resting cardiac output. Mean peak systolic pressure developed by the posterior lymph hearts was 1.62 +/- 0.08 kPa. Simultaneous measurements of lymph heart pressure development and flow revealed that the outflow pore of the heart opened at a pressure of 0.71 +/- 0.04 kPa, approximately 113 +/- 5 ms into systole. When toads were moderately disturbed, stroke volume increased by as much as fourfold with little change in lymph heart rate (< 5 beats min-1). When toads were dehydrated, lymph flow decreased by 70% at 12h and by 80% and 24h. Since there was only a modest non-significant decrease in lymph heart rate (30%), this reduction in flow was attributed to decreases in stroke volume (approximately 80%). Lymph heart flow and stroke volume returned to control values 30 min after adding water back into the experimental chamber. Stroke volume was clearly more important in regulating lymph flow than lymph heart rate under these conditions in Bufo marinus.

Changes in vascular and extravascular volumes of eel muscle in response to catecholamines: the function of the caudal lymphatic heart

1982 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
P. S. Davie
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Heart Frequency ◽  
Vascular Volume ◽  
Interstitial Volume ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Lymph Heart ◽  
Capillary Resistance ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Lymphatic Heart

1. Vascular volume changes in an isolated saline-perfused eel tail preparation in response to catecholamines were small (less than 2%) and are explicable in terms of changes in volume of pre-capillary resistance vessels. 2. Extravascular-extracellular (interstitial) volume increased less than 3% during infusion of adrenaline (AD) at concentrations of 1 × 10(−6) to 1 × 10(−3) M. Injection of doses of AD and noradrenaline (NA) between 1 nmol and 100 nmol caused maximum interstitial volume changes of less than 11%. 3. Isoprenaline caused only very small changes in vascular and interstitial volume. 4. Caudal lymph heart frequency increases when high concentrations (greater than 1 × 10(−6) M) and doses (greater than 1 nmol) of AD and NA were administered. 5. Caudal lymph heart frequency increases were significantly correlated with changes in outflow after vascular volume adjustments. One function of the caudal lymph heart is to return interstitial fluid to the vascular system.

Frog lymph heart synthesizes and stores immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide

1992 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoon Ryu ◽  
Kyung Woo Cho ◽  
Suhn Hee Kim ◽  
Sung Zoo Kim ◽  
Seon Hee Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Lymph Heart ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The electrical activity of the Amphibian lymph heart

1961 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Del Castillo ◽  
V. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Lymph Heart

scholarly journals The origin and early development of the posterior lymph heart in the chick

1915 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph West
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Lymph Heart

Role of VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 in developmental lymphangiogenesis, a chemicogenetic study in Xenopus tadpoles

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 1740-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelii Ny ◽  
Marta Koch ◽  
Wouter Vandevelde ◽  
Martin Schneider ◽  
Christian Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Lymphatic Endothelial Cell ◽  
Lymph Vessel ◽  
Small Animal Model ◽  
Morpholino Knockdown ◽  
Lymphatic Development ◽  
Lymph Heart ◽  
And Function

Abstract The importance of the lymphangiogenic factor VEGF-D and its receptor VEGFR-3 in early lymphatic development remains largely unresolved. We therefore investigated their role in Xenopus laevis tadpoles, a small animal model allowing chemicogenetic dissection of developmental lymphangiogenesis. Single morpholino antisense oligo knockdown of xVEGF-D did not affect lymphatic commitment, but transiently impaired lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) migration. Notably, combined knockdown of xVEGF-D with xVEGF-C at suboptimal morpholino concentrations resulted in more severe migration defects and lymphedema formation than the corresponding single knockdowns. Knockdown of VEGFR-3 or treatment with the VEGFR-3 inhibitor MAZ51 similarly impaired lymph vessel formation and function and caused pronounced edema. VEGFR-3 silencing by morpholino knockdown, MAZ51 treatment, or xVEGF-C/D double knockdown also resulted in dilation and dysfunction of the lymph heart. These findings document a critical role of VEGFR-3 in embryonic lymphatic development and function, and reveal a previously unrecognized modifier role of VEGF-D in the regulation of embryonic lymphangiogenesis in frog embryos.

scholarly journals Observations on the development of the earliest lymphatics in the region of the posterior lymph heart in living chick embryos

1912 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliot R. Clark ◽  
Eleanor Linton Clark
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Lymph Heart

Lymphatic regulation of hematocrit during hypoxia in the toad Bufo woodhousei

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (4) ◽  
pp. R814-R821 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Malvin ◽  
S. Macias ◽  
M. Sanchez ◽  
R. Dasalla ◽  
A. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Cholinergic Nerves ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Lymph Heart ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Bufo Woodhousei ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Toad Bufo

Hypoxia rapidly increases hematocrit (Hct) in anuran amphibians by reducing plasma volume, but the mechanism(s) mediating this response is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that, during hypoxia, plasma volume is reduced by impaired lymph heart (LH) function, decreasing lymph flow into the circulation. In Bufo woodhousei, we measured the effects of hypoxia on Hct, lymph heart rate (LHR), LH pressure, the movement of dye from the dorsal lymph sac to the arterial blood, and flow through an open LH cannula. We also tested whether splenic contraction or cholinergic nerves contribute to the hypoxia-induced changes. Graded hypoxia between 21 and 4% O2 produced graded increases in Hct (P < 0.0001) and decreases in LHR (P = 0.01). Hypoxia reduced the rate of increase in arterial Evans blue concentration after injection into the dorsal lymph sac (P = 0.041) and decreased flow through an open LH cannula (P < 0.012). Hypoxia increased Hct and reduced LHR similarly in control, splenectomized, and sham-splenectomized toads. Atropine had no significant effect on Hct and LHR. These results indicate that the LHs play a regulatory role in hypoxia-induced hemoconcentration.

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