scholarly journals Live imaging of X chromosome reactivation dynamics in early mouse development can discriminate naïve from primed pluripotent stem cells

Development ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (16) ◽  
pp. 2958-2964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Kobayashi ◽  
Yusuke Hosoi ◽  
Hirosuke Shiura ◽  
Kazuo Yamagata ◽  
Saori Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Live Imaging ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
Early Mouse

scholarly journals Human germ cell formation in xenotransplants of induced pluripotent stem cells carrying X chromosome aneuploidies

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia A. Dominguez ◽  
H. Rosaria Chiang ◽  
Meena Sukhwani ◽  
Kyle E. Orwig ◽  
Renee A. Reijo Pera
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Germ Cell Formation

Detrimental effects of two active X chromosomes on early mouse development

Development ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Takagi ◽  
K. Abe
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
Translocation Chromosome ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Inactivation Center ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Early Mouse ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm

Matings between female mice carrying Searle's translocation, T(X;16)16H, and normal males give rise to chromosomally unbalanced zygotes with two complete sets of autosomes, one normal X chromosome and one X16 translocation chromosome (XnX16 embryos). Since X chromosome inactivation does not occur in these embryos, probably due to the lack of the inactivation center on X16, XnX16 embryos are functionally disomic for the proximal 63% of the X chromosome and trisomic for the distal segment of chromosome 16. Developmental abnormalities found in XnX16 embryos include: (1) growth retardation detected as early as stage 9, (2) continual loss of embryonic ectoderm cells either by death or by expulsion into the proamniotic cavity, (3) underdevelopment of the ectoplacental cone throughout the course of development, (4) very limited, if any, mesoderm formation, (5) failure in early organogenesis including the embryo, amnion, chorion and yolk sac. Death occurred at 10 days p.c. Since the combination of XO and trisomy 16 does not severely affect early mouse development, it is likely that regulatory mechanisms essential for early embryogenesis do not function correctly in XnX16 embryos due to activity of the extra X chromosome segment of X16.

scholarly journals Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Partial Reactivation of X Chromosome instead of Chromosome-wide Dampening in Naive Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmita Mandal ◽  
Deepshikha Chandel ◽  
Harman Kaur ◽  
Sudeshna Majumdar ◽  
Maniteja Arava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Analysis

scholarly journals X-chromosome activity in naive human pluripotent stem cells—are we there yet?

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 54-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafqat A. Khan ◽  
Pauline N. C. B. Audergon ◽  
Bernhard Payer
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

scholarly journals Pluripotent Stem Cells: Current Understanding and Future Directions

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Romito ◽  
Gilda Cobellis
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Pluripotent Cell ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Early Mouse ◽  
Distinct Features

Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to undergo self-renewal and to give rise to all cells of the tissues of the body. However, this definition has been recently complicated by the existence of distinct cellular states that display these features. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the family of pluripotent cell lines derived from early mouse and human embryos and compare them with induced pluripotent stem cells. Shared and distinct features of these cells are reported as additional hallmark of pluripotency, offering a comprehensive scenario of pluripotent stem cells.

scholarly journals X-chromosome inactivation in monkey embryos and pluripotent stem cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 371 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahito Tachibana ◽  
Hong Ma ◽  
Michelle L. Sparman ◽  
Hyo-Sang Lee ◽  
Cathy M. Ramsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
X Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Chromosome Inactivation

scholarly journals X-chromosome upregulation is dynamically linked to the X-inactivation state

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lentini ◽  
Christos Coucoravas ◽  
Nathanael Andrews ◽  
Martin Enge ◽  
Qiaolin Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Dosage Balance ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Early Mouse ◽  
Key Events

AbstractMammalian X-chromosome dosage balance is regulated by X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) and X-chromosome upregulation (XCU), but the dynamics of XCU as well as the interplay between the two mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we mapped XCU throughout early mouse embryonic development at cellular and allelic resolution, revealing sex- and lineage-specific dynamics along key events in X-chromosome regulation. Our data show that XCU is linearly proportional to the degree of XCI, indicating that dosage compensation ensues based on mRNA levels rather than number of active X chromosomes. In line with this, we reveal that the two active X chromosomes in female naïve embryonic stem cells are not hyperactive as previously thought. In all lineages, XCU was underlain by increased transcriptional burst frequencies, providing a mechanistic basis in vivo. Together, our results demonstrate unappreciated flexibility of XCU in balancing X-chromosome expression, and we propose a general model for allelic dosage balance, applicable for wider mechanisms of transcriptional regulation.

scholarly journals X Chromosome Dosage Modulates Multiple Molecular and Cellular Properties of Mouse Pluripotent Stem Cells Independently of Global DNA Methylation Levels

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Song ◽  
Adrian Janiszewski ◽  
Natalie De Geest ◽  
Lotte Vanheer ◽  
Irene Talon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Open Chromatin ◽  
Mammalian Development

ABSTRACTDuring early mammalian development, the two X-chromosomes in female cells are active. Dosage compensation between XX female and XY male cells is then achieved by X-chromosome inactivation in female cells. Reprogramming female mouse somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) leads to X-chromosome reactivation. The extent to which increased X-chromosome dosage (X-dosage) in female iPSCs leads to differences in the molecular and cellular properties of XX and XY iPSCs is still unclear. We show that chromatin accessibility in mouse iPSCs is modulated by X-dosage. Specific sets of transcriptional regulator motifs are enriched in chromatin with increased accessibility in XX or XY iPSCs. We show that the transcriptome, growth and pluripotency exit are also modulated by X-dosage in iPSCs. To understand the mechanisms by which increased X-dosage modulates the molecular and cellular properties of mouse pluripotent stem cells, we used heterozygous deletions of the X-linked gene Dusp9 in XX embryonic stem cells. We show that X-dosage regulates the transcriptome, open chromatin landscape, growth and pluripotency exit largely independently of global DNA methylation. Our results uncover new insights into X-dosage in pluripotent stem cells, providing principles of how gene dosage modulates the epigenetic and genetic mechanisms regulating cell identity.

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