A three-dimensional reconstruction of the polygonal pattern on placental coated-vesicle membranes

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
C.D. Ockleford
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coated Vesicle ◽  
Vesicle Formation ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Vesicle Membranes ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Polygonal Pattern

There is a surface structure on the coated vesicles of human placenta. Some features of this structure have been examined. Measurements of the polygonal network seen in surface views have been made and compared with measurements of structures projecting from vesicle walls in median sections. A 3-dimensional reconstruction of the vesicle shows the pattern to be one of raised ridges. Use of a goniometer to tilt the specimens has confirmed the assumption that both types of image obtained as from one structure. Although it is usually the case that vesicles are approximately spherical, some are definitely irregularly shaped. For this reason it is suggested that the walls of the polygons need not always be packed into a structure with a regular and precisely maintained pattern. Consideration of the surface structure in the light of current understanding of the cell membrane as a dynamic system leads to a possible explanation of the process of vesicle formation in this context and of the selective nature of uptake by micropinocytosis.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Stereo Pairs from Serial Thick Sections

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
Robert Glaeser ◽  
Thomas Bauer ◽  
David Grano
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Stereo Imagery ◽  
Whole Mounts

In transmission electron microscopy, the 3-dimensional structure of an object is usually obtained in one of two ways. For objects which can be included in one specimen, as for example with elements included in freeze- dried whole mounts and examined with a high voltage microscope, stereo pairs can be obtained which exhibit the 3-D structure of the element. For objects which can not be included in one specimen, the 3-D shape is obtained by reconstruction from serial sections. However, without stereo imagery, only detail which remains constant within the thickness of the section can be used in the reconstruction; consequently, the choice is between a low resolution reconstruction using a few thick sections and a better resolution reconstruction using many thin sections, generally a tedious chore. This paper describes an approach to 3-D reconstruction which uses stereo images of serial thick sections to reconstruct an object including detail which changes within the depth of an individual thick section.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of the chromatin bodies in the nuclei of mature erythrocytes from the newt Triturus cristatus: the number of nuclear envelope-attachment sites

1979 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
A.B. Murray ◽  
H.G. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Interphase Chromosome ◽  
Triturus Cristatus ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Chromatin Body ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Discrete Site

The arrangement of the chromatin bodies in the interphase nuclei of 6 erythrocytes has been investigated by means of 3-dimensional reconstruction from electron micrographs of serial sections. When the borders of chromatin bodies are marked on the surface of each model, discrete areas of chromatin in contact with the nuclear envelope are revealed. The number of these areas in approximately equal to the number of chromosomes in the diploid set. The data suggest that each chromatin body corresponds to a condensed interphase chromosome and that each chromosome is attached to one discrete site on the nuclear envelope. The data are insufficient to show whether or not the condensed chromosomes are arranged in any orderly pattern in these nuclei.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Topographical Cerebral Surface Anatomy for Presurgical Planning With Free OsiriX Software

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet V. Harput ◽  
Pablo Gonzalez-Lopez ◽  
Uğur Türe
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Indocyanine Green Videoangiography ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Surface Anatomy ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
High Resolution Ultrasonography

Abstract BACKGROUND: During surgery for intrinsic brain lesions, it is important to distinguish the pathological gyrus from the surrounding normal sulci and gyri. This task is usually tedious because of the pia-arachnoid membranes with their arterial and venous complexes that obscure the underlying anatomy. Moreover, most tumors grow in the white matter without initially distorting the cortical anatomy, making their direct visualization more difficult. OBJECTIVE: To create and evaluate a simple and free surgical planning tool to simulate the anatomy of the surgical field with and without vessels. METHODS: We used free computer software (OsiriX Medical Imaging Software) that allowed us to create 3-dimensional reconstructions of the cerebral surface with and without cortical vessels. These reconstructions made use of magnetic resonance images from 51 patients with neocortical supratentorial lesions operated on over a period of 21 months (June 2011 to February 2013). The 3-dimensional (3-D) anatomic images were compared with the true surgical view to evaluate their accuracy. In all patients, the landmarks determined by 3-D reconstruction were cross-checked during surgery with high-resolution ultrasonography; in select cases, they were also checked with indocyanine green videoangiography. RESULTS: The reconstructed neurovascular structures were confirmed intraoperatively in all patients. We found this technique to be extremely useful in achieving pure lesionectomy, as it defines tumor's borders precisely. CONCLUSION: A 3-D reconstruction of the cortical surface can be easily created with free OsiriX software. This technique helps the surgeon perfect the mentally created 3-D picture of the tumor location to carry out cleaner, safer surgeries.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional visualization of coated vesicle formation in fibroblasts.

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Heuser
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coated Vesicles ◽  
Coated Vesicle ◽  
Vesicle Formation ◽  
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis ◽  
Replication Method ◽  
Complete Contraction ◽  
Partial Contraction ◽  
Selective Mechanism

Fibroblasts apparently ingest low density lipoproteins (LDL) by a selective mechanism of receptor-mediated endocytosis involving the formation of coated vesicles from the plasma membrane. However, it is not known exactly how coated vesicles collect LDL receptors and pinch off from the plasma membrane. In this report, the quick-freeze, deep-etch, rotary-replication method has been applied to fibroblasts; it displays with unusual clarity the coats that appear under the plasma membrane at the start of receptor-mediated endocytosis. These coats appear to be polygonal networks of 7-nm strands or struts arranged into 30-nm polygons, most of which are hexagons but some of which are 5- and 7-sided rings. The proportion of pentagons in each network increases as the coated area of the plasma membrane puckers up from its planar configuration (where the network is mostly hexagons) to its most sharply curved condition as a pinched-off coated vesicle. Coats around the smallest vesicles (which are icosahedrons of hexagons and pentagons) appear only slightly different from "empty coats" purified from homogenized brain, which are less symmetrical baskets containing more pentagons than hexagons. A search for structural intermediates in this coat transformation allows a test of T. Kanaseki and K. Kadota's (1969. J. Cell Biol. 42:202--220.) original idea that an internal rearrangement in this basketwork from hexagons to pentagons could "power" coated vesicle formation. The most noteworthy variations in the typical hexagonal honeycomb are focal juxtapositions of 5- and 7-sided polygons at points of partial contraction and curvature in the basketwork. These appear to precede complete contraction into individual pentagons completely surrounded by hexagons, which is the pattern that characterizes the final spherical baskets around coated vesicles.

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Measurement of the Vestibular End-Organs

1988 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Takagi ◽  
Isamu Sando ◽  
Akira Takagi ◽  
Isamu Sando
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Small Computer ◽  
Lateral Semicircular Canal ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Vestibular Endorgans ◽  
Length And Area ◽  
Bone Structures

It is very valuable for temporal bone morphologists to be able to recognize temporal bone serial sections in three dimensions and to be able to measure temporal bone structures three-dimensionally. We can now do 3-dimensional reconstruction to visualize the structures of vestibular endorgans (utricular and saccular maculae) and measure these endorgans in space by means of a small computer system and software that we developed. As well as obtaining the dimensions—such as length and area—of the utricular and saccular maculae, we also found that (1) most of the utricular macula lies in one plane, which is the same as the plane of the lateral semicircular canal, (2) the saccular macula is shaped like part of a sphere, and (3) the angle between the two maculae is less than a right angle. Such knowledge is indispensable to the evaluation of the function of the utricular and saccular maculae.)

New Three-Dimensional Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques (Art)

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Gordon ◽  
Robert Bender
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fourier Method ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Data Set ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques ◽  
Electron Microscope Data ◽  
Algebraic Reconstruction

Algebraic reconstruction techniques (ART) for 3-dimensional reconstruction from electron microscope data have been developed and implemented in this laboratory. These methods are an alternitive to the Fourier method of de Rosier and Klug and have several advantages over it, such as:relatively few views are required (about 6-12)limited angular ranges give useful reconstructions (+/-30°)no presumption of symmetry is necessary for facile implementingcomputation is fasterthe computation is stable in the presence of noiseThe dimensionality of the problem may be reduced from three to two by tilts about a single axis, so that planes perpendicular to the axis of tilt are independent of each other. This is not absolutely necessary, but is by far the most tractable mode computationally. A typical input data set, then, consists of m≥6 photos of the same region of the specimen at several known angles of tilt about the same axis. In general the direction of the tilt axis is not known.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of large subcellular structures: A method for combining axial tilt tomography with serial reconstruction of thick sections

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 904-905
Author(s):  
Gabriel E. Soto ◽  
Maryann E. Martone ◽  
Stephan Lamont ◽  
Bridget O. Carragher ◽  
Thomas J. Deerinck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Axial Tilt

The study of subcellular structures requires the resolution afforded by the electron microscope. However, cellular organelle systems can extend for tens of microns and therefore cannot be encompassed in a single thin section required for conventional electron microscopic observation. Even with the use of high voltage electron microscopy, section thickness is limited to no more than a few microns. Visualization of 3-dimensional cellular structure in large volumes of tissue can be achieved by using 3-dimensional reconstructions based on serial sections. This approach is often tedious, requiring an extremely large series of thin sections in order to encompass the structure of interest. This method also suffers from technical difficulties in obtaining, processing and maintaining adequate registration over large numbers of sections. We have been exploring a method in which the number of sections is reduced by employing a series of thick sections in which the structures of interest are selectively stained. Three-dimensional information is extracted from each section using axial tilt tomography. The resulting serial volumes are then aligned and linked to form a single volume which is displayed using volume rendering techniques.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Morphologic Measurements of Human Embryonic Hearts: A New Diagnostic and Quantitative Method Applicable to Fetuses Younger than 13 Weeks of Gestation

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Schleich ◽  
Jean-Louis Dillenseger ◽  
Laurence Loeuillet ◽  
Jacques-Philippe Moulinoux ◽  
Claude Almange
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Cardiac Volume ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
First Results ◽  
Made In

Improvements in the diagnosis of congenital malformations explain the increasing early termination of pregnancies. Before 13 weeks of gestation, an accurate in vivo anatomic diagnosis cannot currently be made in all fetuses with current imaging instrumentation. Anatomopathologic examinations remain the gold standard to make accurate diagnoses, although they reach limits between 9 and 13 weeks of gestation. We present the first results of a methodology that can be applied routinely, using standard histologic section, thus enabling the reconstruction, visual estimate, and quantitative analysis of 13-week human embryonic cardiac structures. The cardiac blocks were fixed, embedded in paraffin, and entirely sliced by a microtome. One of 10 slices was topographically colored and digitized on an optical microscope. Cardiac volume was recovered by semiautomatic realignment of the sections. Another semiautomatic procedure allowed extracting and labeling of cardiac structures from the volume. Structures were studied with display tools, which disclosed the internal and external cardiac components and enabled determination of size, thickness, and precise positioning of ventricles, atria, and large vessels. This pilot study confirmed that a new 3-dimensional reconstruction and visualization method enables accurate diagnoses, including in embryos younger than 13 weeks. Its implementation at earlier stages of embryogenesis will provide a clearer view of cardiac development.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Human Semicircular Canals and Measurement of Each Membranous Canal Plane Defined by Reid's Stereotactic Coordinates

2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 934-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichiro Hashimoto ◽  
Hideaki Naganuma ◽  
Koji Tokumasu ◽  
Akihiko Itoh ◽  
Makito Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Membranous Labyrinth ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Bony Labyrinth ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Lateral Posterior ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Objectives: Equations for estimating the planar relationships of the human semicircular canals were devised by Blanks et al from a dissected bony labyrinth in a human skull. However, a similar study on the membranous semicircular canal planes has never been published. Methods: In this study, the angle between each membranous canal plane and Reid's stereotactic horizontal plane was measured on serial histologic sections of 7 temporal bones from Japanese adults. We reconstructed the 3 semicircular canals by computer-aided 3-dimensional analysis. The angles between each pair of both bony and membranous canal planes were measured. Results: In the bony labyrinth, the angles between the 2 canal planes of the lateral-anterior, anterior-posterior, and lateral-posterior pairs were 90.51° ± 2.98° (mean ± SD), 91.70° ± 1.85°, and 94.52° ± 3.32°, respectively. The angles between the 2 membranous canal planes of the lateral-anterior, anterior-posterior, and lateral-posterior pairs were 90.05° ± 4.74°, 91.03° ± 2.93°, and 91.92° ± 5.22°, respectively. Conclusions: The data from our study of the membranous labyrinth showed that the angles between each canal plane and the others were much closer to 90° than was found by Blanks et al for the bony labyrinth.

Three-Dimensional Organization of the Hepatic Microvasculature in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

2001 ◽  
Vol 125 (9) ◽  
pp. 1219-1223
Author(s):  
Motoji Sawabe ◽  
Tomio Arai ◽  
Yukiyoshi Esaki ◽  
Masanobu Tsuru ◽  
Toshio Fukazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Arteriovenous Shunts ◽  
Pathological Mechanism ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Portal Veins ◽  
Intrahepatic Shunts ◽  
High Output

Abstract Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant systemic fibrovascular dysplasia. Although hepatic vascular shunts are often observed in HHT, the responsible pathological mechanism is unknown. This issue was addressed by performing a 3-dimensional reconstruction study of the hepatic microvasculature of an HHT-involved liver in a 79-year-old woman. Clinical observation revealed high-output congestive heart failure and hepatic encephalopathy due to arteriovenous and portovenous shunts, respectively. Angiography revealed tortuous dilation of hepatic arterial branches and intrahepatic arteriovenous shunts. The 3-dimensional analysis of the autopsy liver revealed focal sinusoidal ectasia, arteriovenous shunts through abnormal direct communications between arterioles and ectatic sinusoids, and portovenous shunts due to frequent and large communications between portal veins and ectatic sinusoids. Type 1 HHT was suggested by the lack of endoglin immunoreactivity in the liver. The 3-dimensional reconstruction study of hepatic microvasculature was successful in identifying the pathological changes responsible for the intrahepatic shunts in HHT.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document