scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Morphologic Measurements of Human Embryonic Hearts: A New Diagnostic and Quantitative Method Applicable to Fetuses Younger than 13 Weeks of Gestation

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Schleich ◽  
Jean-Louis Dillenseger ◽  
Laurence Loeuillet ◽  
Jacques-Philippe Moulinoux ◽  
Claude Almange
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Cardiac Volume ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
First Results ◽  
Made In

Improvements in the diagnosis of congenital malformations explain the increasing early termination of pregnancies. Before 13 weeks of gestation, an accurate in vivo anatomic diagnosis cannot currently be made in all fetuses with current imaging instrumentation. Anatomopathologic examinations remain the gold standard to make accurate diagnoses, although they reach limits between 9 and 13 weeks of gestation. We present the first results of a methodology that can be applied routinely, using standard histologic section, thus enabling the reconstruction, visual estimate, and quantitative analysis of 13-week human embryonic cardiac structures. The cardiac blocks were fixed, embedded in paraffin, and entirely sliced by a microtome. One of 10 slices was topographically colored and digitized on an optical microscope. Cardiac volume was recovered by semiautomatic realignment of the sections. Another semiautomatic procedure allowed extracting and labeling of cardiac structures from the volume. Structures were studied with display tools, which disclosed the internal and external cardiac components and enabled determination of size, thickness, and precise positioning of ventricles, atria, and large vessels. This pilot study confirmed that a new 3-dimensional reconstruction and visualization method enables accurate diagnoses, including in embryos younger than 13 weeks. Its implementation at earlier stages of embryogenesis will provide a clearer view of cardiac development.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Stereo Pairs from Serial Thick Sections

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
Robert Glaeser ◽  
Thomas Bauer ◽  
David Grano
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Stereo Imagery ◽  
Whole Mounts

In transmission electron microscopy, the 3-dimensional structure of an object is usually obtained in one of two ways. For objects which can be included in one specimen, as for example with elements included in freeze- dried whole mounts and examined with a high voltage microscope, stereo pairs can be obtained which exhibit the 3-D structure of the element. For objects which can not be included in one specimen, the 3-D shape is obtained by reconstruction from serial sections. However, without stereo imagery, only detail which remains constant within the thickness of the section can be used in the reconstruction; consequently, the choice is between a low resolution reconstruction using a few thick sections and a better resolution reconstruction using many thin sections, generally a tedious chore. This paper describes an approach to 3-D reconstruction which uses stereo images of serial thick sections to reconstruct an object including detail which changes within the depth of an individual thick section.

scholarly journals The Role of Pre-Clinical 3-Dimensional Models of Osteosarcoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5499
Author(s):  
Hannah L. Smith ◽  
Stephen A. Beers ◽  
Juliet C. Gray ◽  
Janos M. Kanczler
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
3D Models ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
In Vivo Animal Models

Treatment for osteosarcoma (OS) has been largely unchanged for several decades, with typical therapies being a mixture of chemotherapy and surgery. Although therapeutic targets and products against cancer are being continually developed, only a limited number have proved therapeutically active in OS. Thus, the understanding of the OS microenvironment and its interactions are becoming more important in developing new therapies. Three-dimensional (3D) models are important tools in increasing our understanding of complex mechanisms and interactions, such as in OS. In this review, in vivo animal models, in vitro 3D models and in ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) models, are evaluated and discussed as to their contribution in understanding the progressive nature of OS, and cancer research. We aim to provide insight and prospective future directions into the potential translation of 3D models in OS.

X-ray topographic determination of the granular structure in a graphite mosaic crystal: a three-dimensional reconstruction

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ohler ◽  
M. Sanchez del Rio ◽  
A. Tuffanelli ◽  
M. Gambaccini ◽  
A. Taibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Mosaic Crystals ◽  
Spatial Locations ◽  
Crystalline Domains

Section topographs recorded at different spatial locations and at different rocking angles of a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) crystal allow three-dimensional maps of the local angular-dependent scattering power to be obtained. This is performed with a direct reconstruction from the intensity distribution on such topographs. The maps allow the extraction of information on local structural parameters such as size, form and internal mosaic spread of crystalline domains. This data analysis leads to a new method for the characterization of mosaic crystals. Perspectives and limits of applicability of this method are discussed.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of the chromatin bodies in the nuclei of mature erythrocytes from the newt Triturus cristatus: the number of nuclear envelope-attachment sites

1979 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
A.B. Murray ◽  
H.G. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Interphase Chromosome ◽  
Triturus Cristatus ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Chromatin Body ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Discrete Site

The arrangement of the chromatin bodies in the interphase nuclei of 6 erythrocytes has been investigated by means of 3-dimensional reconstruction from electron micrographs of serial sections. When the borders of chromatin bodies are marked on the surface of each model, discrete areas of chromatin in contact with the nuclear envelope are revealed. The number of these areas in approximately equal to the number of chromosomes in the diploid set. The data suggest that each chromatin body corresponds to a condensed interphase chromosome and that each chromosome is attached to one discrete site on the nuclear envelope. The data are insufficient to show whether or not the condensed chromosomes are arranged in any orderly pattern in these nuclei.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Topographical Cerebral Surface Anatomy for Presurgical Planning With Free OsiriX Software

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet V. Harput ◽  
Pablo Gonzalez-Lopez ◽  
Uğur Türe
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Indocyanine Green Videoangiography ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Surface Anatomy ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
High Resolution Ultrasonography

Abstract BACKGROUND: During surgery for intrinsic brain lesions, it is important to distinguish the pathological gyrus from the surrounding normal sulci and gyri. This task is usually tedious because of the pia-arachnoid membranes with their arterial and venous complexes that obscure the underlying anatomy. Moreover, most tumors grow in the white matter without initially distorting the cortical anatomy, making their direct visualization more difficult. OBJECTIVE: To create and evaluate a simple and free surgical planning tool to simulate the anatomy of the surgical field with and without vessels. METHODS: We used free computer software (OsiriX Medical Imaging Software) that allowed us to create 3-dimensional reconstructions of the cerebral surface with and without cortical vessels. These reconstructions made use of magnetic resonance images from 51 patients with neocortical supratentorial lesions operated on over a period of 21 months (June 2011 to February 2013). The 3-dimensional (3-D) anatomic images were compared with the true surgical view to evaluate their accuracy. In all patients, the landmarks determined by 3-D reconstruction were cross-checked during surgery with high-resolution ultrasonography; in select cases, they were also checked with indocyanine green videoangiography. RESULTS: The reconstructed neurovascular structures were confirmed intraoperatively in all patients. We found this technique to be extremely useful in achieving pure lesionectomy, as it defines tumor's borders precisely. CONCLUSION: A 3-D reconstruction of the cortical surface can be easily created with free OsiriX software. This technique helps the surgeon perfect the mentally created 3-D picture of the tumor location to carry out cleaner, safer surgeries.

Pore Etching in Compound Semiconductors for the Production of Photonic Crystals

2002 ◽  
Vol 722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Foell ◽  
Sergiu Langa ◽  
Juergen Carstensen ◽  
Marc Christophersen ◽  
Ivan Tiginyanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystals ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Perfect Crystal ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
Ordered Arrays ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
First Results ◽  
Made In

AbstractOrdered arrays of pores in Si provided the first (two dimensional) photonic crystals with bandgaps in the μm region. The paper explores the potential of pore etching for two- and threedimensional photonic crystals in GaAs, InP, and GaP. A striking feature of pore etching in III-V semiconductors is the strong tendency to self-organization and pattern formation. As an example, self-organized well-defined pore lattices (a = 100 nm – 1 μm) can be made in InP. All materials show self organized diameter oscillations, often synchronized over large distances between pores. Extremely strong diameter oscillations are observed in GaAs. Pores in all materials tend to grow in <111> directions, but can be induced to grow in the direction of current flow, too. These features can be used to produce two- and three dimensional photonic crystals. The latter goal might be achieved by switching periodically between different pore morphologies with depth, or by modulating the diameter with depth - always helped by the tendency to self organization. Self organization, however, will not lead to perfect crystal structures; lithographically defined nucleation is needed and has been tried. First results show that there are pronounced differences to what is known from Si. While the production of externally defined photonic crystals in the sub μm region appears to be feasible, the strong tendency to self organization must be taken into account by matching internal time and length scales to the desired external ones.

scholarly journals Measurements of the wall shear stress distribution in the outflow tract of an embryonic chicken heart

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (42) ◽  
pp. 91-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Poelma ◽  
K. Van der Heiden ◽  
B. P. Hierck ◽  
R. E. Poelmann ◽  
J. Westerweel
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Outflow Tract ◽  
Chicken Heart ◽  
Embryonic Chicken ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Wall Shear ◽  
Embryo Heart

In order to study the role of blood–tissue interaction in the developing chicken embryo heart, detailed information about the haemodynamic forces is needed. In this study, we present the first in vivo measurements of the three-dimensional distribution of wall shear stress (WSS) in the outflow tract (OFT) of an embryonic chicken heart. The data are obtained in a two-step process: first, the three-dimensional flow fields are measured during the cardiac cycle using scanning microscopic particle image velocimetry; second, the location of the wall and the WSS are determined by post-processing flow velocity data (finding velocity gradients at locations where the flow approaches zero). The results are a three-dimensional reconstruction of the geometry, with a spatial resolution of 15–20 µm, and provides detailed information about the WSS in the OFT. The most significant error is the location of the wall, which results in an estimate of the uncertainty in the WSS values of 20 per cent.

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