scholarly journals Comparative study of extracellular fibrils on the ectodermal layer in gastrulae of five amphibian species

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
N. Nakatsuji ◽  
K.E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Ambystoma Maculatum ◽  
Contact Guidance ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Animal Pole ◽  
Dense Networks ◽  
Directed Cell Migration ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Extracellular Fibrils

Previous studies have shown the presence of a network of extracellular fibrils on the inner surface of the ectodermal layer of the Ambystoma maculatum gastrulae. The alignment of the network along the blastopore-animal pole axis has suggested that the network of fibrils guides the migrating mesodermal cells in gastrulae by contact guidance. We have also shown that these fibrils can be deposited on substrata by explanted embryonic fragments and that substrata conditioned in this manner support directed cell migration. In this study, we found that the appearance of the fibrils in the embryos coincides with the start of cell migration towards the animal pole. Gastrulae of three urodele species examined (A. maculatum, A. mexicanum and Cynops pyrrhogaster) have similar dense networks of fibrils. Xenopus laevis gastrulae also have similar fibrils but fewer fibrils compared to urodele embryos. Rana pipiens gastrulae have very few extracellular fibrils. The scarcity of the fibrils in anuran species may be related to the differences in arrangement of mesodermal cells during migration.

Conditioning of a culture substratum by the ectodermal layer promotes attachment and oriented locomotion by amphibian gastrula mesodermal cells

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nakatsuji ◽  
K.E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Ambystoma Maculatum ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Animal Pole ◽  
Micron Diameter ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Extracellular Fibrils ◽  
Scanning Electron

We have found that ectodermal fragments of Ambystoma maculatum gastrulae deposit immense numbers of 0.1 micron diameter extracellular fibrils on plastic coverslips. When migrating mesodermal cells from A. maculatum gastrulae are seeded on such conditioned plastic substrata, they attach and begin migrating after 15–30 min in vitro. We did a detailed analysis of the relationship between fibril orientation and cell migration using time-lapse cinemicrography, scanning electron microscopy, and a microcomputer with a graphics tablet and morphometric program. We found that cells move in directions closely related to the orientation of fibrils. Usually fibrils are oriented in dense arrays with a predominance of fibrils running parallel to the blastopore-animal pole axis of the explant, and cells move preferentially along lines parallel to the blastopore-animal pole axis. When fibrils are unaligned, cells move at random. We have also shown that cells move with a slightly stronger tendency towards the animal pole direction. These results are discussed concerning the mechanism of specific cell migration during amphibian gastrulation.

Transplantation studies to investigate mesoderm-ectoderm adhesive cell interactions during gastrulation

1986 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-117
Author(s):  
K.E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Normal Embryo ◽  
Mesodermal Cell ◽  
Trailing Edges ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Hybrid Embryo

Experiments involving transplantation of the roof of the blastocoel in Rana pipiens embryos reveal that the inner surface of the roof of the blastocoel must be coated with a fibrous extracellular matrix (F-ECM) to serve as a substratum for mesodermal cell migration. When the roof of the blastocoel is inverted the original outer surface, now projecting toward the blastocoel, does not become coated with F-ECM and does not support mesodermal cell migration. When the roof of the blastocoel is removed from a normal embryo and transplanted into an interspecific arrested hybrid embryo known to be deficient in F-ECM synthesis, the grafted ectodermal fragment does not become coated with F-ECM and does not support normal mesodermal cell migration. When a hybrid graft is placed in a normal embryo, the grafted ectodermal fragment becomes coated with F-ECM and supports mesodermal cell migration. In normal control embryos migrating mesodermal cells are polarized due to formation of lamellipodia on their leading but not their trailing edges. These cells are arranged in overlapping layers. The leading cells form lamellipodia on the roof of the blastocoel and trailing cells form lamellipodia on one another.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional Cancer Cell Migration Directed by Dual Mechanochemical Guidance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedram Esfahani ◽  
Herbert Levine ◽  
Mrinmoy Mukherjee ◽  
Bo Sun
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Contact Guidance ◽  
Chemical Gradient ◽  
Cell Microenvironment ◽  
Directed Cell Migration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cell Mechanosensing

Directed cell migration guided by external cues plays a central role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. The microenvironment of cells often simultaneously contains various cues and the motility response of cells to multiplexed guidance is poorly understood. Here we combine experiments and mathematical models to study the three-dimensional migration of breast cancer cells in the presence of both contact guidance and a chemoattractant gradient. We find that the chemotaxis of cells is complicated by the presence of contact guidance as the microstructure of extracellular matrix (ECM) vary spatially. In the presence of dual guidance, the impact of ECM alignment is determined externally by the coherence of ECM fibers, and internally by cell mechanosensing Rho/Rock pathways. When contact guidance is parallel to the chemical gradient, coherent ECM fibers significantly increase the efficiency of chemotaxis. When contact guidance is perpendicular to the chemical gradient, cells exploit the ECM disorder to locate paths for chemotaxis. Our results underscores the importance of fully characterizing the cancer cell microenvironment in order to better understand invasion and metastasis.

Ectodermal fragments from normal frog gastrulae condition substrata to support normal and hybrid mesodermal cell migration in vitro

1984 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-67
Author(s):  
N. Nakatsuji ◽  
K.E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Mesodermal Cell ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Extracellular Fibrils ◽  
Scanning Electron

Using time-lapse cinemicrography and scanning electron microscopy, we have shown that normal Rana embryos and gastrulating hybrid embryos have extracellular fibrils on the inner surface of the ectodermal layer. These fibrils are absent prior to gastrulation and appear in increasing numbers during gastrulation. They can also be deposited in vitro where they condition substrata in such a way that normal presumptive mesodermal cells placed on them show extensive attachment and unoriented cell movement. These fibrils are also present in some arrested hybrid embryos, but in reduced numbers, or are lacking in other arrested hybrid embryos. Explanted ectodermal fragments from arrested hybrid embryos fail both to condition culture substrata by the deposition of fibrils and to promote cell attachment and translocation. In contrast, ectodermal fragments from normal embryos can condition culture substrata so as to promote moderate cell attachment and, for one particular gamete combination, even cell translocation of presumptive mesodermal cells taken from arrested hybrid embryos. These results provide new evidence to support the hypothesis that extracellular fibrils represent a system that promotes mesodermal cell migration in amphibian embryos. Differences in the fibrillar system in urodele and anuran embryos are discussed in relation to fundamental differences in the mode of mesodermal cell migration in these two classes of Amphibia.

scholarly journals Anisotropic forces from spatially constrained focal adhesions mediate contact guidance directed cell migration

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arja Ray ◽  
Oscar Lee ◽  
Zaw Win ◽  
Rachel M. Edwards ◽  
Patrick W. Alford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Focal Adhesions ◽  
Contact Guidance ◽  
Directed Cell Migration

scholarly journals Excitable Networks in Directed Cell Migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 112a-113a
Author(s):  
Peter N. Devreotes ◽  
Tatsat Banerjee ◽  
Dhiman S. Pal ◽  
Debojyoti Biswas ◽  
Huiwang Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Directed Cell Migration

ribbon encodes a novel BTB/POZ protein required for directed cell migration in Drosophila melanogaster

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (15) ◽  
pp. 3001-3015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela L. Bradley ◽  
Deborah J. Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Egf Receptor ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Directed Cell Migration ◽  
Posterior Migration ◽  
And Function ◽  
Dorsal Epidermis ◽  
Anterior Posterior

During development, directed cell migration is crucial for achieving proper shape and function of organs. One well-studied example is the embryonic development of the larval tracheal system of Drosophila, in which at least four signaling pathways coordinate cell migration to form an elaborate branched network essential for oxygen delivery throughout the larva. FGF signaling is required for guided migration of all tracheal branches, whereas the DPP, EGF receptor, and Wingless/WNT signaling pathways each mediate the formation of specific subsets of branches. Here, we characterize ribbon, which encodes a BTB/POZ-containing protein required for specific tracheal branch migration. In ribbon mutant tracheae, the dorsal trunk fails to form, and ventral branches are stunted; however, directed migrations of the dorsal and visceral branches are largely unaffected. The dorsal trunk also fails to form when FGF or Wingless/WNT signaling is lost, and we show that ribbon functions downstream of, or parallel to, these pathways to promote anterior-posterior migration. Directed cell migration of the salivary gland and dorsal epidermis are also affected in ribbon mutants, suggesting that conserved mechanisms may be employed to orient cell migrations in multiple tissues during development.

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