Cell biology of the stigma of Brassica campestris in relation to CO2 effects on self-pollination

1988 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-550
Author(s):  
PATRICIA O'NEILL ◽  
MOHAN B. SINGH ◽  
R. B. KNOX
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Stigma Surface ◽  
Incompatibility System ◽  
Galactosyl Residues

The effect of carbon dioxide in blocking the sporophytic self-incompatibility system in Brassica campestris occurs within the first 2h of pollination at the pollen-stigma interface. Percentage germination of self pollen on the stigma was found to be similar in air and in the presence of 5% CO2. The CO2 effect therefore must occur after pollen germination, modifying the interaction between pollen tubes and stigma cells. Lectin binding studies showed the presence of fucosyl but not galactosyl residues on the stigma surface. Gel electrophoresis of plant extracts showed that stigma esterase activity is marked in comparison to other plant tissue. This activity is shown histochemically to be localized on the stigma cell surface and in the nucleus. Carbonic anhydrase has been detected on the stigma surface by two different histochemical methods and its possible relationship to the CO2 effect is discussed.

scholarly journals Expression of Brassica napus GLO1 is sufficient to breakdown artificial self-incompatibility in Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Kenney ◽  
Subramanian Sankaranarayanan ◽  
Michael Balogh ◽  
Emily Indriolo
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Peptide Ligand ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Stigma Surface ◽  
Compatibility Factor ◽  
Incompatibility System ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Armadillo Repeat

AbstractMembers of the Brassicaceae family have the ability to regulate pollination events occurring on the stigma surface. In Brassica species, self-pollination leads to an allele specific interaction between the pollen small cysteine-rich peptide ligand (SCR/SP11) and the stigmatic S-receptor kinase (SRK) that activates the E3 ubiquitin ligase ARC1 (Armadillo repeat-containing 1), resulting in proteasomal degradation of various compatibility factors including Glyoxalase I (GLO1) which is necessary for successful pollination. Suppression of GLO1 was sufficient to reduce compatibility, and overexpression of GLO1 in self-incompatible Brassica napus stigmas resulted in partial breakdown of the self-incompatibility response. Here, we verified if BnGLO1 could function as a compatibility factor in the artificial self-incompatibility system of Arabidopsis thaliana expressing AlSCRb, AlSRKb and AlARC1 proteins from A. lyrata. Overexpression of BnGLO1 is sufficient to breakdown self-incompatibility response in A. thaliana stigmas, suggesting that GLO1 functions as an inter-species compatibility factor. Therefore, GLO1 has an indisputable role as a compatibility factor in the stigma in regulating pollen attachment and pollen tube growth. Lastly, this study demonstrates the usefulness of an artificial self-incompatibility system in A. thaliana for interspecific self-incompatibility studies.

Pollen-stigma interactions in Brassica oleracea. II. The fate of stigma surface proteins following pollination and their role in the self-incompatibility response

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-264
Author(s):  
I.N. Roberts ◽  
G. Harrod ◽  
H.G. Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
The Self ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Stigma Surface ◽  
Microscope Autoradiography ◽  
Germination And Growth

Mature, self-incompatible stigmas exposed to cycloheximide for 2 h prior to pollination supported identical germination and growth of both cross and self pollen. Treatment of self-pollinated pistils with cycloheximide resulted in the germination of hitherto inactive pollen after some 2–4 h. Pollen germination and initial tube growth in an in vitro germination medium were not significantly affected by cycloheximide. A continuous synthesis of stigmatic proteins is therefore essential for the operation of the self-incompatibility (S.I.) system. However, light-microscope autoradiography of stigmas fed with L-[3H]leucine prior to pollination revealed no movement of stigmatic proteins into the pollen, independent of the compatibility of the pollen with respect to the stigma. Further, tunicamycin, when applied in the same way as cycloheximide, had no effect on the S.I. system. These results are discussed in terms of the proposed cycling of proteins in the papillar cell wall and the involvement of a stigmatic glycoprotein in the S.I. response.

scholarly journals (239) Evaluation of Self-compatibility in Clethra alnifolia

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1040C-1040
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Incompatibility System ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Deciduous Shrub

Clethra alnifolia, which is commonly known as summersweet, is an attractive deciduous shrub that produces fragrant flower in mid-summer. Breeding efforts are hampered by a lack of information on the reproductive behavior of this native species. The objective of this study was to evaluate self-compatibility in C. alnifolia. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth in styles were examined following self- and cross-pollinations using fluorescence microscopy. Seed set and germination were compared following self- and cross-pollinations. While self-pollen tubes appeared to grow slightly slower than cross-pollen tubes, there was no indication of a self-incompatibility system acting at the stigmatic or stylar level in C. alnifolia. Self-pollinations of `Hummingbird' and `Ruby Spice' produced fewer seeds than did cross-pollinations of these cultivars. Germination of all seed obtained from this study was too poor to allow a comparison of germination rates of the self- and cross-pollinated seed. However, because a few self-progeny were obtained, emasculation is recommended when making controlled pollinations. The presence of a late-acting self-incompatibility system or early acting inbreeding depression was proposed as being responsible for the lower seed set following self-pollination.

Lectin Binding Studies on RNA Tumor Virus-Infected Cells

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 326-327
Author(s):  
D. C. Hixson
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
3T3 Cells ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Con A ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Tumor Virus ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Cell Culture Conditions

The abilities of plant lectins to preferentially agglutinate malignant cells and to bind to specific monosaccharide or oligosaccharide sequences of glycoproteins and glycolipids make them a new and important biochemical probe for investigating alterations in plasma membrane structure which may result from malignant transformation. Electron and light microscopic studies have demonstrated clustered binding sites on surfaces of SV40-infected or tryp- sinized 3T3 cells when labeled with concanavalin A (con A). No clustering of con A binding sites was observed in normal 3T3 cells. It has been proposed that topological rearrangement of lectin binding sites into clusters enables con A to agglutinate SV40-infected or trypsinized 3T3 cells (1). However, observations by other investigators have not been consistent with this proposal (2) perhaps due to differences in reagents used, cell culture conditions, or labeling techniques. The present work was undertaken to study the lectin binding properties of normal and RNA tumor virus-infected cells and their associated viruses using lectins and ferritin-conjugated lectins of five different specificities.

Pollen flow in distylous populations of Amsinckia (Boraginaceae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (22) ◽  
pp. 2530-2535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred R. Ganders
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Flow ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Disassortative Mating ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Incompatibility System ◽  
Total Pollen

Stigmatic pollen loads were analyzed from naturally pollinated pin and thrum form flowers of Amsinckia douglasiana and A. vernicosa var. furcata. Pin stigmas captured more total pollen than thrum stigmas. Pins experienced either net self-pollination or random pollination. Thrum stigmas experienced significant disassortative pollination. Comparing pollen loads from intact and emasculated thrum flowers of A. douglasiana indicated that self-pollination and geitonogamy were relatively unimportant in the pollination of the thrum form. The level of disassortative pollination of A. vernicosa var. furcata does not appear to be high enough to account for the level of disassortative mating observed by progeny testing, suggesting that this species may possess an incomplete stylar self-incompatibility system such as has been reported in A. grandiflora.

scholarly journals The pollen determinant of self-incompatibility in Brassica campestris

2000 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1920-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Takayama ◽  
H. Shiba ◽  
M. Iwano ◽  
H. Shimosato ◽  
F.-S. Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Self Incompatibility

The formation of the tryphine coating the pollen grains of Raphanus , and its properties relating to the self-incompatibility system

1973 ◽  
Vol 184 (1075) ◽  
pp. 149-165 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Granular Material ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Pollen Maturation ◽  
Incompatible Pollen ◽  
Incompatibility System ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Incompatible Pollen Tube

The tryphine that coats the pollen grains of Raphanus is tapetally synthesized and is composed of a fibro-granular and a lipidic component. The fibro-granular material is proteinaceous and is secreted by cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. The lipidic component is derived, mainly, from degraded elaioplasts. The fibro-granular material is applied to the pollen exine first, followed by the lipidic mass. The tryphine condenses during the final stages of pollen maturation and dries down to form a thick, highly viscous coating. The major part of the condensation appears to result from dehydration. The tryphine, extracted from the pollen by a centrifugal method and mounted in a membrane, appears to be capable of penetrating the outer layers of a stigma of the same species and, if the pollen from which it was derived is incompatible with respect to the stigma, the stimulation of the production of the callosic reaction body in a manner similar to an incompatible pollen tube. It is proposed that, in Raphanus , substances responsible for the initiation of at least two stages in the self-incompatibility system are held in the tryphine.

scholarly journals Thrombospondin in essential thrombocythemia

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-558
Author(s):  
J Lawler ◽  
AM Cohen ◽  
FC Chao ◽  
DJ Moriarty
Keyword(s):  
Essential Thrombocythemia ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Abnormal Glycosylation ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody Binding ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Essential thrombocythemia is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by frequent bleeding and thrombotic complications. On a molecular level, two abnormalities of platelet thrombospondin have been identified: abnormal glycosylation of the intact 185,000-dalton chain has been detected and a shortened form of the thrombospondin chain is present. We have used two monoclonal antibodies and Lens culinaris lectin to probe the structure of thrombospondin in the platelets from three patients with essential thrombocythemia; one patient with polycythemia vera and two patients with secondary thrombocytosis. The presence of abnormal thrombospondin fragments with molecular weights of 160,000 and 30,000 was detected in the intact platelets and in the supernatant from thrombin-treated platelets, in all of the individuals except one of the secondary thrombocytosis patients. Monoclonal antibody binding studies indicate that both fragments are produced by proteolysis at a single site, which results in the removal of a 30,000- dalton fragment from the NH2-terminal. Lens culinaris lectin-binding studies revealed that some of the carbohydrate moieties of thrombospondin are near this cleavage site. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the abnormal thrombospondin fragments observed under conditions of increased platelet production are due to increased susceptibility to proteolysis which, in turn, may be due to defective glycosylation.

scholarly journals Functional Glyco-Nanogels for Multivalent Interaction with Lectins

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Sing Julia Tang ◽  
Sophia Rosencrantz ◽  
Lucas Tepper ◽  
Sany Chea ◽  
Stefanie Klöpzig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Protecting Group ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Tremendous Impact

Interactions between glycans and proteins have tremendous impact in biomolecular interactions. They are important for cell–cell interactions, proliferation and much more. Here, we emphasize the glycan-mediated interactions between pathogens and host cells. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, responsible for a huge number of nosocomial infections, is especially the focus when it comes to glycan-derivatives as pathoblockers. We present a microwave assisted protecting group free synthesis of glycomonomers based on lactose, melibiose and fucose. The monomers were polymerized in a precipitation polymerization in the presence of NiPAm to form crosslinked glyco-nanogels. The influence of reaction parameters like crosslinker type or stabilizer amount was investigated. The gels were characterized in lectin binding studies using model lectins and showed size and composition-dependent inhibition of lectin binding. Due to multivalent presentation of glycans in the gel, the inhibition was clearly stronger than with unmodified saccharides, which was compared after determination of the glycan loading. First studies with Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed a surprising influence on the secretion of virulence factors. Functional glycogels may be in the future potent alternatives or adjuvants for antibiotic treatment of infections based on glycan interactions between host and pathogen.

Histamine-induced chloride channels in apical membrane of isolated rabbit parietal cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (5) ◽  
pp. C1000-C1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Saccomani ◽  
C. G. Psarras ◽  
P. R. Smith ◽  
K. L. Kirk ◽  
R. L. Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Single Class ◽  
Apical Cell Membrane ◽  
Cl Channels ◽  
Inside Out

The electrical properties of the apical membrane of isolated rabbit parietal cells were studied using the patch-clamp technique. The apical membrane of the parietal cells plated on Matrigel and maintained in culture conditions was identified by lectin-binding studies. Cell-attached and excised inside-out patches from 10(-4) M cimetidine-treated parietal cells infrequently contained Cl- channels (9% of the patches). A single class of voltage-dependent outwardly rectifying Cl- channels with 24 +/- 1-pS conductance was observed in 75% of the patches from cells stimulated (acid secreting) by 10(-4) M histamine. Other anions passed through these channels with a permeability sequence of I- (1.2) greater than Br- (1.1) greater than or equal to Cl- (1.0) greater than NO3- (0.7) greater than SO4(2-) (0.1), but there was a very low permeability for Na+ or K+ (PCl-/PNa+ or PCl-/PK+ greater than 5). In inside-out patch configurations the Cl- channel was insensitive to Ba2+ and stilbene derivatives but was inhibited by diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid in a manner characteristic of a reversible open-channel blocker. It is concluded that H2-receptor agonist stimulation of acid secretion by rabbit parietal cells activates Cl- channels in the apical cell membrane.

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