Memoirs: The Revision, Systematic Position, and Origin of Diplodinium (Polyplastron) multivesiculatum and Diplodinium (Polyplastron) Bubali

1935 ◽  
Vol s2-78 (309) ◽  
pp. 31-49
Author(s):  
P. WERTHEIM
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Contractile Vacuoles ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Phylogenetical Relationship

In revising the species of the Diplodinium (sub-genus Polyplastron) the author comes to the conclusion that on the basis of the generic criteria in the family Ophryoscolecidae, two distinct genera cannot be erected as was done by Kofoid and MacLennan (the genera Polyplastron and Elytro -plastron). On the contrary it is justifiable to include both of these species in Polyplastron (Dogiel, 1927) as a subgenus of the genus Diplodinium. In conformity with the international rules of zoological nomenclature, the correct names of both species in question are as follows: D. (Polyplastron) multivesiculatum Dogiel and Fedorowa, 1925, D. (Polyplastron) hegneri Becker and Talbott, 1927. Evidence is put forward to show how incorrect is the erection of Dogiel's aberrations P. multivesiculatum ‘confluens’ (monoscutum) and P. multivesiculatum ‘fenestratum’ into separate species, and how these forms are to be considered only as individual varieties. These views are supported by the author's own investigations on live and fixed (stained) material. The author agrees with Kofoid and MacLennan that Polyplastron had evolved from forms related to D. (Eudiplodinium) affine, and brings forward arguments resulting from his investigations as to how this relation can be clearly disclosed. He also gives a scheme of the systematic position and phylogenetical relationship of the species in question of Diplodinium--sub-genus Polyplastron. Conclusions are drawn concerning the relation and kinship of P. multivesiculatum and P. hegneri, as well as the author's rules in regard to the development of new contractile vacuoles, also the reasons for the development of the skeleton and the position and form of skeletal plates. These skeletal plates serve for a general strengthening of the body besides other functions. It is argued that adaptation is a motive factor in the evolution (the selection appears as an ‘incidental selection’), while the oecologic factors and the factors of the mechanical and geographical isolation of the ruminant-hosts (in harmony with the peros manner of infection of the ruminants by these Infusoria) act as regulative factors. These two categories of factors are in diverse dimensions (they are non-equivalent and inadequate). The evolution of characters cannot be considered singly, but only species as units, and this evolution is not a result of isolated factors but of a series of factors permanently acting in reciprocal dependence. The author considers this method of analysis applicable also to other systematic groups.

On the larva of Sphaerius and the systematic position of the Sphaeriidae (Coleoptera)

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
EB Britton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Position ◽  
The Family ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The first-known larva of the family Sphaeriidae is described and compared with descriptions of the larvae of Hydroscaphidae and Torridinicolidae. It is concluded that the similarities of the larvae confirm the relationship of the families suggested by Crowson (1955) on the basis of adult characters, and justify the establishment of the suborder Myxophaga.

Trichoceridae (Dipt.) from the Baltic Amber

1971 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Christine Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Position ◽  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Wing Vein ◽  
Discal Cell ◽  
The Family ◽  
Annual Temperature Cycle ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractSeveral amber collections have been surveyed for Trichoceridae and the two specimens, one male and one female, mentioned by Loew (I850:37) are here described under separate species in a new genus, Oligotrichocera. The systematic position of the family within the Tipuloidea is stressed. The characters for generic assignment in the subfamily Trichocerinae are tabulated. Some wing vein characters, such as the shape of the discal cell (IstM2), the position of sc1 and sc2, and the variation in the medial field are discussed in relation to fossils of tipulid stock and the wing venation of Kawasemyia. The rarity of trichocerids in Baltic amber may not merely be accidental, since the occurrence of adults may not have coincided with the highest amber production during the annual temperature cycle.

scholarly journals XVIII.—On The Structure and Affinities of Tristichopterus alatus, Egerton

1875 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramsay H. Traquair
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Fragment ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
Extended Sense ◽  
Complete Ignorance ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Dental Apparatus

Concerning the affinities and systematic position of this very remarkable Devonian fish, there has hitherto prevailed very great uncertainty. The two original specimens, discovered by Mr C. W. Peach, in the Old Red Sandstone of John O’Groat’s, Caithness, and described by Sir Philip Egerton, left us in complete ignorance as to the osteology of the head and the dentition, while the evidence they afforded as to the structure of the pectoral fins was by no means so clear as might have been wished for. To quote from Sir Philip's description:—“ The bones of the head, with the exception of a small fragment of the operculum, are wanting, but the impressions left upon the matrix show that they were sculptured in rather a bold pattern, not unlike the ornament on some of the cranial bones of some of the Holoptychii, and consequently differing in this respect from the corresponding parts in Dipterus. The pectoral fins are very indistinctly seen. They appear to have had a short obtuse lobe forming the base, and extending therefrom a set of numerous fin-rays more elongated than those forming the pectoral fin in Dipterus.” To Dipterus, however, in Sir Philip Egerton's opinion, its affinities pointed, as far as could be gathered from the structure of the body as displayed in the specimens, his description concluding as follows:—“ The absence of all evidence as to the dental apparatus of Tristichopterus is much to be regretted. On other points the affinities between this genus and Dipterus are so striking that they cannot be classified in separate families. Accordingly he assigned to Tristichopterus a place along with Dipterus in the family of “Cœlacanthi,” the term being used in its former extended sense, not as now restricted to the peculiar genera Cœlacanthus, Undina, Holophagus, and Macropoma.

scholarly journals The Role of the Bible in the Formation of Philosophical Thought in Kievan Rus’ (as Exemplified by Ilarion of Kiev, Kliment Smolatič, and Kirill of Turov)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Justyna Kroczak
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Family ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article is an attempt to critically evaluate the manifestations of the philosophical culture sprouting in Rus’. With the baptism in the Byzantine Rite, Rus’ in the 10th century joined the family of Christian nations and defined the future direction of her own cultural development. The Middle Ages in Rus’ were eminently theocentric. Literature (which was mostly translated from the Greek in Bulgarian monasteries) had a religious character. Sacral content, assimilated in Rus’ mainly through the Old Church Slavonic (due to the scarce knowledge of Greek) had a decisive influence on formation of the philosophical worldview of Rus’ intellectual elite. The Bible thus became the main reference framework for the first Rus’ thinkers-philosophers: Ilarion of Kiev († 1055), Kirill of Turov († 1183) and Kliment Smolatič († 1164). Ilarion of Kiev, the first metropolitan of the Kievan Rus’ in his rhetoric work (which postulated the superiority of the New Testament to the Old) expressed a philosophical thesis of the equality of all Christian nations before God. Kliment Smolatič, the second metropolitan of Rus’, in his Letter to Presbyter Foma, defended the allegorical method of interpretating the Bible. Kirill of Turov, in his turn, in his Parable of the human soul and body allegorically tried to answer the question about the relationship of the body and the soul. For the Rus’ thinkers the content of the Bible served as a pretext for philosophical reflection, e.g. on the role of man in the universe, on the nature of reality, on the relation between matter and spirit. In their works we find the beginnings of the theory of knowledge, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics.

Soft anatomy of sunellid arthropods from the Chengjiang Lagerstutte, Lower Cambrian of southwest China

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1412-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingliang Zhang ◽  
Degan Shu
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Burgess Shale ◽  
The Family ◽  
Trunk Limbs ◽  
First Time

Two bivalved arthropods of the family Sunellidae Huo, 1965 are described from the Lower Cambrian Helinpu Formation of southwestern China: Sunella cf. shensiensis Huo, 1965 and Combinivalvula chengjiangensis Hou, 1987. Both taxa preserve soft anatomies, described here for the first time, including a pair of lateral eyes and a possible median eye, a trunk carrying flaplike appendages, and a simple gut with caeca. The family Sunellidae includes three genera: Sunella Huo, Combinivalvula Hou, and Jinningella Huo and Shu. In contrast to most other Cambrian arthropods with a larger bivalved carapace, especially those from the Burgess Shale–type deposits, sunellids lack a limbless abdomen protruding posteriorly beyond the carapace. This, coupled with a combination of a number of snared features (e.g., the presence of cardinal spines and distinctive anterodorsal sulcus, elongated valves, and median eye), appears to support sunellids as a clade. The distinctive anterodorsal sulcus extending from the anterodorsal corner to the anteromedian part of the carapace is regarded as an autapomorphy for this clade. Sunellids resemble Isoxys Walcott, 1890 to which they may be closely related; both possess a bivalved, elongated carapace with cardinal spines that almost entirely covers the body. However, neither cephalic appendages nor proximal portions of trunk limbs are visible in sunellids, and thus, their systematic position remains uncertain.

Homology of the astragalus and structure and function of the tarsus of Diadectidae

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S Berman ◽  
Amy C. Henrici
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Structural Pattern ◽  
Tarsal Bones ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of

Superbly preserved tarsi of a new, undescribed, primitive member of Diadectidae and of Diadectes, the best known member of the family, are described. The major distinction between them is the retention of sutures in the astragalus of the former which clearly indicate an origin from the fusion of three separate ossifications considered homologues of the primitive amphibian tibiale, intermedium, and proximal centrale. Among the Diadectomorpha (includes also Limnoscelidae and Tseajaiidae) only Diadectidae possesses an astragalus, which is considered a synapomorphy of the family within this grouping. Furthermore, the sister-group relationship of the new, undescribed diadectid to the other diadectids demonstrates a transformational, phylogenetic homology of the astragalus via the ontogenetic fusion of the primitive amphibian tarsal bones. The astragalus of diadectids is identical to those of late Paleozoic terrestrial amniotes in structure and relationship to neighboring elements. This, plus the wide acceptance of a close relationship between Diadectomorpha and Amniota, is cited as suggestive of an identical developmental origin of their astragali.In diadectids, including fully mature individuals, an unusual reduction or absence of ossification of some central and distal tarsal bones has resulted in an unique tarsus with large unoccupied areas and a structural pattern in which the only bony link between the tarsus and the digits is via the fourth distal tarsal, producing a crude facsimile of the lacertilian mesotarsal joint. Such a joint would have permitted, as in lacertilians, a wide range of movements which may have served several important functions: 1) maintaining an anteriorly directed pes to maximize the force of its posterior thrust during limb retraction, 2) placement of the pes close to the body midline for greater stride length and more efficient support and greater maneuverability during locomotion.

Systematic review of the genus Ostracodinium (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae) and notes on the taxonomy of Ostracodinium rugoloricatum Kofoid & MacLennan, 1932

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5039 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-262
Author(s):  
FRANCIANE CEDROLA ◽  
PRISCILA FREGULIA ◽  
ZACARIAS ROSALINA JOÃO DA SILVA ◽  
MARIANA FONSECA ROSSI ◽  
SAULO MOREIRA MENDES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anterior Body ◽  
Contractile Vacuoles ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

The family Ophryoscolecidae (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida) constitutes a diverse and monophyletic group of symbiotic ciliates of herbivorous mammals. The family includes approximately 200 species, distributed in three subfamilies and sixteen genera. The subfamily Diplodiniinae is the most diverse group in Ophryoscolecidae and comprises the genus Ostracodinium, which includes species with two retractable ciliary zones in the anterior body portion, a broad skeletal plate covering almost all the right surface of the body and a variable number of contractile vacuoles. The genus currently comprises 28 species, classified according to body size and shape, position and shape of the nuclear apparatus, number and position of contractile vacuoles, and number and shape of caudal projections. The present study performs a systematic review of the genus Ostracodinium, based on morphological and molecular data, and provides data about geographic distribution and hosts of each species.  

THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE HETEROCHEYLIDAE TRÄGÅRDH (ACARI: ACARIFORMES: PROSTIGMATA)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. 887-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evert E. Lindquist ◽  
John B. Kethley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Position ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe history of placement of the Heterocheylidae Trägårdh, 1950, is reviewed. The family does not belong in either the Anystoidea or the Cheyletoidea, and instead is placed in its own superfamily, Heterocheyloidea Trägårdh new status, which in turn is transferred to a position beside the cohort Tarsonemina in the supercohort Heterostigmata. The placement of Heterocheylidae in the Heterostigmata is based upon the presence of paired stigmatic openings on the anterolateral margin of the dorsum of the propodosoma, the subcapsular form of the gnathosoma, the structure of the palpi, the sequence of dorsal setae and tergites of the hysterosoma, and other characters. Diagnoses for the Heterostigmata and the Heterocheyloidea are given. The relationship of the Heterocheyloidea to the Tarsonemina is discussed.

Hubungan Sikap dan Karakteristik Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) dengan Keikutsertaan dalam Program KB di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Kecamatan Sungai Raya Kabupaten Aceh Timur

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Ainul Mardhiah ◽  
Nova Hasbani Prima Dewi ◽  
Aminy Aminy
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Planning Program ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
P Value ◽  
Planning Program ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Relationship Of

The family planning program also aims to improve the quality of the family in order to generate a sense of security, peace and hope of a better future in realizing the prosperity of birth and inner happiness. Allegedly the factor causing EFA participation in the family planning program is characteristic. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of attitude and characteristic of Elderly Age Couple (PUS) with participation in family planning program at UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Sungai Raya District, East Aceh regency 2018. The research design used was analytic survey with cross sectional design. The population of this study is all Pairs Age of Fertile located in Work Area UPT Sungai Raya Public Health Service Center in January to December 2017 which amounted to 1897 people. Sampling using Slovin formula, obtained as many as 95 samples. The study was conducted from 7-17 July 2018 using questionnaires by interview. Statistical test using chi-square test. Result of research indicate that majority of fertile couple couples (PUS) participate in family planning program as much as 67 respondents (70,5%). Statistically there is relationship of attitude and characteristic of Elderly Age Couple (EFA) with non participation in family planning program in Working Area of UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Sungai Raya District of East Aceh Regency 2018 with p value <0,1. It is recommended that the family planning program holders in UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Sungai Raya District of East Aceh District to invite cross-sectoral figures to hold meetings to create mini workshop plans at least once a month to increase the participation of the Elderly Age Couple (PUS) in family planning programs. Keyword : Family Planning Program, Attitudes, CharacteristicsABSTRAKProgram KB juga bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas keluarga agar dapat timbul rasa aman, tentram, dan harapan masa depan yang lebih baik dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan lahir dan kebahagiaan batin. Diduga faktor yang menyebabkan ketidakikutsertaan PUS dalam program KB adalah karakteristik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan sikap dan karakteristik Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) dengan keikutsertaan dalam program KB di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Kecamatan Sungai Raya Kabupaten Aceh Timur tahun 2018. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei analitik dengan rancangan bedah lintang. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh Pasangan Usia Subur yang berada di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember tahun 2017 yang berjumlah 1.897 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin, didapatkan sebanyak 95 sampel. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari tanggal 7-17 Juli tahun 2018 menggunakan kuesioner dengan cara wawancara. Uji statistik menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) ikut serta dalam program KB yaitu sebanyak 67 responden (70,5%). Secara statistik ada hubungan sikap dan karakteristik Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) dengan ketidakikutsertaan dalam program KB di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Kecamatan Sungai Raya Kabupaten Aceh Timur tahun 2018 dengan p value < 0,1. Sebaiknya pemegang program KB di UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Kecamatan Sungai Raya Kabupaten Aceh Timur agar mengajak tokoh lintas sektor agar mengadakan pertemuan untuk membuat rencana loka karya mini setidaknya satu bulan sekali untuk meningkatkan keikutsertaan Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) dalam program KB.Kata Kunci : Program KB, Sikap, Karakteristik

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