The Fine Structure Produced in Cells by Primary Fixatives

1963 ◽  
Vol s3-104 (65) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
JOHN R. BAKER ◽  
BARBARA M. LUKE
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Zymogen Granules ◽  
Electron Dense Material ◽  
Mouse Pancreas ◽  
Exocrine Cells ◽  
Mercuric Chloride Solution

The exocrine cells of the mouse pancreas were fixed in mercuric chloride solution, embedded in plexigum, and examined by electron microscopy. The cytoplasm was found to be coagulated as a continuous substance containing innumerable subspherical cavities, mostly between 40 and 200 mµ in diameter and separate from one another. The zymogen granules were preserved, but no trace remained of mitochondria or Golgi apparatus. The nuclear sap was coagulated as a coarse network with thickenings at the nodes. Lumps of electron-dense material (? DNA) were present at the periphery of the nucleus and round the nucleolus. The proteins of the cell appear to have been fixed by mercuric chloride, but the membranous constituents, which rely for their form on a phospholipid component, are not clearly recognizable. The lipids have presumably been lost during dehydration and embedding.

scholarly journals The fine structure produced in cells by primary fixatives 2. Potassium dichromate

1965 ◽  
Vol s3-106 (73) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
JOHN R. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Nuclear Membrane ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Potassium Dichromate Solution ◽  
Zymogen Granules ◽  
Mouse Pancreas

The exocrine cells of the mouse pancreas were fixed in potassium dichromate solution, embedded in araldite or other suitable medium, and examined by electron microscopy. Almost every part of these cells is seriously distorted or destroyed by this fixative. The ergastoplasm is generally unrecognizable, the mitochondria and zymogen granules are seldom visible, and no sign of the plasma membrane, microvilli, or Golgi apparatus is seen. The contents of the nucleus are profoundly rearranged. It is seen to contain a large, dark, irregularly shaped, finely granular object; the evidence suggests that this consists of coagulated histone. The sole constituent of the cell that is well fixed is the inner nuclear membrane. The destructive properties of potassium dichromate are much mitigated when it is mixed in suitable proportions with osmium tetroxide or formaldehyde.

The apical structure in Perophora annectens (tunicate) spermatozoa: fine structure, differentiation and possible role in fertilization

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
M. Fukumoto
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Dense Material ◽  
Electron Dense Material ◽  
Extracellular Materials ◽  
Small Blister

The apical structure in Perophora annectens spermatozoa is approximately 4 micron in length and it is helically coiled. Its major component is a striated structure, which may be analogous to a perforatorium. The plasmalemma enclosing the anterior quarter of the apical structure is covered by extracellular materials, the anterior ornaments. During spermiogenesis, the apical structure is first recognized as a small blister of the plasmalemma at the apex of the young spermatid. It develops into a conical protrusion and then into a finger-like process (approximately 1 micron in length). This process is transformed into an elongated process (approximately 4 micron in length) with electron-dense material in its core. Finally, the elongated process is helically coiled to form an apical structure in which electron-dense material forms dense striations. Vesicles (50-70 nm in diameter), presumably derived from the Golgi apparatus, have been recognized in the blisters of younger spermatids, and can be followed through to the finger-like process. In the finger-like process these vesicles are transformed into smaller vesicles (20-30 nm in diameter), which probably fuse with the anterior plasmalemma of the finger-like process. This suggests that chorion lysin(s) is associated with the anterior membrane enclosing the apical structure in these spermatozoa.

scholarly journals FINE STRUCTURE AND ORGANELLE ASSOCIATIONS IN BROWN ALGAE

1965 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Benjamin Bouck
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Algal Cell ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Two Envelopes

The structural interrelationships among several membrane systems in the cells of brown algae have been examined by electron microscopy. In the brown algae the chloroplasts are surrounded by two envelopes, the outer of which in some cases is continuous with the nuclear envelope. The pyrenoid, when present, protrudes from the chloroplast, is also surrounded by the two chloroplast envelopes, and, in addition, is capped by a third dilated envelope or "pyrenoid sac." The regular apposition of the membranes around the pyrenoid contrasts with their looser appearance over the remainder of the chloroplast. The Golgi apparatus is closely associated with the nuclear envelope in all brown algae examined, but in the Fucales this association may extend to portions of the cytoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum as well. Evidence is presented for the derivation of vesicles, characteristic of those found in the formative region of the Golgi apparatus, from portions of the underlying nuclear envelope. The possibility that a structural channeling system for carbohydrate reserves and secretory precursors may be present in brown algae is considered. Other features of the brown algal cell, such as crystal-containing bodies, the variety of darkly staining vacuoles, centrioles, and mitochondria, are examined briefly, and compared with similar structures in other plant cells.

The Takata Reaction on the Cerebro-Spinal Fluid in Syphilis of the Nervous System

1938 ◽  
Vol 84 (349) ◽  
pp. 378-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Fleischhacker
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Mercuric Chloride Solution

The Takata reaction (1) consists in the production of a flocculation or opacity in fluids on the addition of alkaline mercuric chloride solution. It has been modified and applied to the cerebro-spinal fluid (Takata-Ara (2)), and found to be positive mainly in cases of syphilis of the nervous system. Various modifications in the technique have been described, e.g., Jezler (3) and Ginkel (4), but in the following investigations on 177 specimens of cerebrospinal fluid Ucko's (5) modification of the reaction on serum, whereby the reaction time is reduced from 24 hours to 90 minutes, has been further modified by the author to permit of its application to the cerebro-spinal fluid.

Effects of preservatives and acidification on the stable isotope ratios (15N:14N, 13C:12C) of two species of marine animals

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 2181-2185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith L Bosley ◽  
Sam C Wainright
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Preservation Methods ◽  
Mercuric Chloride Solution

When animal tissues are prepared for stable isotope ratio analysis, they may or may not be treated with acid prior to analysis to remove carbonates and are loaded into tin or silver weigh boats for quantitative combustion. The effects of these methodological variations are poorly known. The effects of various preservation methods on isotopic compositions are also poorly known. We tested the effects of four preservation methods, (i) formalin, (ii) formalin followed by a transfer to ethanol (formalin/EtOH), (iii) saturated mercuric chloride solution, and (iv) freezing/freeze-drying, on the carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of the muscle tissue of juvenile winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) and the tails (including exoskeleton) of mud shrimp (Crangon septemspinosa). Freezing and freeze-drying were the only preservation methods that did not affect stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen. Formalin, formalin/EtOH, and saturated mercuric chloride solution produced significant increases in δ15N values (0.5-1.4‰) and decreases in δ13C values (0.6-2.3‰) compared with frozen samples. There was also an increase in the variability of δ15N and (or) δ13C values. We also tested the effects of acidification by comparing samples that were acidified either by fuming with concentrated HCl or by the direct application of 1 N HCl containing 1.0% platinum chloride (a combustion catalyst) to unacidified samples. Neither concentrated HCl fumes nor HCl/platinum chloride had a significant effect on the δ15N or δ13C values of either species compared with unacidified samples. Therefore, acidification may be unnecessary in the preparation of some marine animals. Finally, we compared the effects of two types of sample boats: tin and silver. We found no significant effect of boat material on the δ15N or δ13C values of either species.

scholarly journals Notes on the fifty operations

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-504
Author(s):  
A. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Abdominal Wound ◽  
Absolute Alcohol ◽  
Sulfuric Ether ◽  
Mercuric Chloride Solution ◽  
Entire Thickness ◽  
Boiled Water

At the beginning of his report, the author describes in detail the environment in which he operates. The instruments immediately before the operation are boiled in water for 5 minutes, toothed instruments (tweezers, etc.) are calcined on an alcohol lamp; during the operation, they lie in boiled water. For seams, silk is used, boiled in a 5% carbolic solution and stored in a mixture of equal parts of a 1% (? Ref.) Solution of mercuric chloride and absolute alcohol; is used to apply a catgut disinfected previously lying in the course of 12 hours 0.1% mercuric chloride solution and then kept for several days in a mixture of 1 part ol juniperi and 2 parts alcohol. Sponges are rarely used - they are replaced by tampons from aseptic gauze, which are put into 1/2 solution of mercuric chloride at the time of the operation. The operator and his four assistants put on decontaminated rubber aprons; the sleeves are rolled up above the elbows; hands are washed with green soap and a brush, then with absolute alcohol and mercuric chloride solution. The patient is given a general bath on the eve of the operation and a laxative is given; then, when it is already chloroformed, the hair on mons Veneris is shaved off, the abdominal wall is thoroughly washed with green soap with a brush, sulfuric ether and 1 solution of mercuric chloride. After that, during the operation itself, the author does not use any disinfectant liquids; the abdominal cavity, if necessary, is washed with boiled water. After the operation, the edges of the abdominal wound are washed with mercuric chloride and pulverized with idoform; then sutures are applied, 3-4 deep, covering the entire thickness of the abdominal walls, and many superficial.

Experiments on Fixation for Electron Microscopy

1963 ◽  
Vol s3-104 (65) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
S. K. MALHOTRA
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Proximal Convoluted Tubule ◽  
Mitochondrial Matrix ◽  
Zymogen Granules ◽  
Exocrine Cells ◽  
Acid Ph ◽  
Pancreatic Exocrine ◽  
Tubule Cells

The effect of fixation with acidified solutions of osmium tetroxide (pH 1.5 to 3.5 has been studied on the first (proximal) convoluted tubule cells of the kidney and the pancreatic exocrine cells of the mouse, by electron microscopy. Partially prepolymerized methacrylate was used for embedding. The various membranous structures and the ribosomes retain their individuality even after prolonged fixation in solutions containing 5% acetic acid (pH 1.5). However, the mitochondrial matrix and the ground cytoplasm are not preserved; the zymogen granules are also partially washed out.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document