Conservation of ecdysis-triggering hormone signalling in insects

Breast and prostate cancer are the second and third leading causes of death amongst all cancer types, respectively. Pathogenesis of these malignancies is characterised by dysregulation of sex hormone signalling pathways, mediated by the estrogen receptor-α (ER) in breast cancer and androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer. ER and AR are transcription factors whose aberrant function drives oncogenic transcriptional programs to promote cancer growth and progression. While ER/AR are known to stimulate cell growth and survival by modulating gene transcription, emerging findings indicate that their effects in neoplasia are also mediated by dysregulation of protein synthesis (i.e., mRNA translation). This suggests that ER/AR can coordinately perturb both transcriptional and translational programs, resulting in the establishment of proteomes that promote malignancy. In this review, we will discuss relatively understudied aspects of ER and AR activity in regulating protein synthesis as well as the potential of targeting mRNA translation in breast and prostate cancer.

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With an Ear up Against the Wall: An Update on Mechanoperception in Arabidopsis.

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10081587 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1587

Author(s):

Sara Behnami ◽

Dario Bonetta

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plasma Membrane ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Mechanical Stress ◽

Mechanosensitive Channels ◽

Compensatory Responses ◽

Cell Wall Damage ◽

Mechanical Signals ◽

Hormone Signalling

Cells interpret mechanical signals and adjust their physiology or development appropriately. In plants, the interface with the outside world is the cell wall, a structure that forms a continuum with the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton. Mechanical stress from cell wall damage or deformation is interpreted to elicit compensatory responses, hormone signalling, or immune responses. Our understanding of how this is achieved is still evolving; however, we can refer to examples from animals and yeast where more of the details have been worked out. Here, we provide an update on this changing story with a focus on candidate mechanosensitive channels and plasma membrane-localized receptors.

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Induced sterility in fish and its potential and challenges for aquaculture and germ cell transplantation technology: a review

Biologia ◽

10.1515/biolog-2016-0118 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 71 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Amin Golpour ◽

Mohammad Abdul Momin Siddique ◽

Diógenes Henrique Siqueira-Silva ◽

Martin Pšenička

Keyword(s):

Germ Cell ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

Large Scale ◽

Hormonal Treatment ◽

Important Species ◽

Genetic Ablation ◽

Germ Cell Transplantation ◽

Commercially Important ◽

Alternative Approaches ◽

Hormone Signalling

AbstractInterest in reproductively sterile fish in aquaculture has prompted research into their production. Several methods are available for inducing sterility and optimizing its application in the global fishery industry. Sterilization can potentially be accomplished through irradiation, surgery, or chemical and hormonal treatment. Alternative approaches include triploidization, hybridization, and generation of new lines via advanced biotechnological techniques. Triploids of many commercially important species have been studied extensively and have been produced on a large scale for many years. Novel approaches, including disruption of gonadotropin releasing hormone signalling and genetic ablation of germ cells, have been developed that are effective in producing infertile fish but have the disadvantage of not being 100% reliable or are impractical for large-scale aquaculture. We review currently used technologies and recent advances in induction of sterility in fish, especially those intended for use in germ cell transplantation. Knowledge of the implications of these approaches remains incomplete, imposing considerable limitations.

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