Copulation and Egg-Production in Rhodnius Prolixus: the Role of the Spermathecae

1965 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
K. G. DAVEY
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Primary Stimulus ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Mated Female

1. Mated females of Rhodnius prolixus lay eggs at approximately twice the rate of unmated females. 2. Males which have had their seminal vesicles or opaque accessory glands removed produce spermatophores at mating, but no spermatozoa appear in the spermathecae of the females. The females involved in such matings do not exhibit an increase in egg-production. 3. When females lacking their spermathecae are mated to normal males, the increase in egg production which follows normal matings does not materialize. 4. Implanting spermathecae from mated females into virgin females increases the egg-production of the host. Implanting spermathecae from virgin females or seminal vesicles or transparent accessory glands from males has no effect on the egg-production of the donor. 5. It is tentatively concluded that a blood-borne factor from the spermathecae containing spermatozoa is the primary stimulus to increased egg production in a mated female.

Effects of Sub-Lethal High Texperature on an Insect, Rhodnius Prolixus (Stål.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
A. Y. K. OKASHA ◽  
A. M. M. HASSANEIN ◽  
A. Z. FARAHAT
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Great Reduction ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Reproductive Cycles

1. Heat-treatment of Rhodnius adults for 14 or 15 days before feeding may either inhibit egg production during the first reproductive cycle at normal temperature, or cause a great reduction in the number of eggs deposited. In the latter case, oviposition is long delayed. 2. During the subsequent cycles commencement of oviposition and egg production seem to be normal. 3. If heat-treatment is performed immediately after feeding for a similar period, subsequent egg production at normal temperature is apparently not affected, while oviposition is slightly delayed. During subsequent cycles, however, the reproductive activity of the females is not markedly different from normal. 4. The majority of eggs produced under either type of treatment show progressive sterility over a period covering four reproductive cycles. 5. Allowing heat-treated females to copulate with freshly fed normal males results in a great increase in the fertility of the eggs produced. Egg-production, however, does not seem to be affected. 6. The significance of these results is discussed.

Insect peripheral nerves: accessibility of neurohaemal regions to lanthanum

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J. Lane ◽  
R.A. Leslie ◽  
L.S. Swales
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Ionic Lanthanum ◽  
Neurosecretory Axon ◽  
Thin Part ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Exogenous Substances

During incubation in vivo, exogenously applied ionic lanthanum comes to surround the numerous neurosecretory terminals which are found lying within or immediately beneath the acellular neural lamella ensheathing the nerves from fifth instar and adult specimens of Rhodnius prolixus. The lanthanum does not penetrate beyond the cellular perineurium, which completely surrounds the non-neurosecretory axons in these nerves and constitutes a form of ‘blood-brain barrier’. In some cases, however, lanthanum is found in the vicinity of a neurosecretory axon lying beneath the perineurium, where it can be assumed to have leaked in from the neurosecretory terminal lying free in the neural lamella. When nerves are incubated in calcium-free media, regions with an attenuated perineurium become ‘leaky’, in that lanthanum is found lying in those extracellular spaces between axons and glia which lie immediately below the thin part of the perineurial layer. Bathing solutions made slightly hyperosmotic to the haemolymph with sucrose have no apparent disruptive effects on the barrier. When the tissues are incubated in more hypertonic solutions, the perineurial barrier becomes ‘leaky’ throughout, and tracer pervades beyond its cells into all the intercellular spaced between glia and axons. The possible role of the zonulae occludentes in both the maintenance of the perineurial barrier and in the formation of interglial occlusions to local penetration of exogenous substances is considered.

scholarly journals DOMINANCE AND EPISTASIS IN HETEROSIS OF WHITE LEGHORN STRAIN CROSSES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. FAIRFULL ◽  
R. S. GOWE ◽  
J. NAGAI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Commercial Strain ◽  
Better Than

Four unrelated pure strains of White Leghorns including a grandparent strain from industry and 12 two-strain, 24 three-strain, 24 four-strain and 12 F2 strain crosses produced contemporaneously were used to examine the role of dominance and epistasis in heterosis. A control strain and a commercial strain were also included. For egg weight, the heterosis observed closely approximated that expected due to dominance alone. For sexual maturity and body weight, dominance was the major component of heterosis, but epistasis made a significant contribution — additive by additive (A × A) genetic effects for sexual maturity and 140-d body weight, and parental epistasis for mature body weight. Both dominance and epistasis played a significant role in heterosis for egg production traits. A × A, dominance by dominance (D × D) and additive by dominance (A × D) epistasis were all important for hen-housed egg production and hen-housed egg yield. For hen-day rate of egg production, A × A epistasis was significant only early in the laying year (to 273 d), A × D and D × D were significant to 385 d and in the full year (to 497 d); however, none (A × A, A × D and D × D) was significant near the end of lay (386–497 d). Overall heterosis estimates for full year egg production measured as hen-housed egg production to 497 d or hen-day rate from housing to 497 d clearly showed that on average two-strain crosses were superior to three-strain crosses which were superior to four-strain crosses which in turn exceeded the F2 crosses. Nevertheless, several three-strain crosses had performance for egg production that was equal to or better than the two-strain cross with the highest egg production. Thus, in commerce, where the level of egg production is of great economic importance, the testing and use of a specific three-way cross combination will usually result in a better commercial product. Key words: Heterosis, egg production genetics, epistasis, stocking rate, strain cross, White Leghorn

scholarly journals Association of polymorphisms in the promoter region of turkey prolactin with egg performance

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrangiz Fathi ◽  
Ghorban Elyasi-Zarringhobaie
Keyword(s):  
Promoter Region ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Breeding Center ◽  
Egg Performance ◽  
East Azerbaijan ◽  
Prolactin Promoter

The induction and regulation of broodiness is of the most important role of prolactin in avian species. In this study, the association between prolactin promoter region alleles and reproductive traits in Fars native turkey was investigated. These traits consisted of mean egg weight (MEW), number of egg (EN) and egg mass, during the first laying period. In total, 115 laying turkeys, randomly selected from the flock of the Breeding Center for Fars Native turkey, and DNA was purificated from blood samples, 231 bp of prolactin promoter region was amplified and Genotype of Samples was determinate by PCR-SSCP technique were genotyped. Two alleles D and I were identified. Based on the results obtained, the frequency of D and I alleles were 0.67 and 0.33, respectively. Frequencies of DD, II and ID genotypes were 0.385, 0.044 and 0.571, respectively. The association analysis between the polymorphism PRL gene promoter region and egg performance was carried out. Significant relationship was found between genotypes with egg production (P<0.01). Individuals with II genotype produced higher egg production than DD and ID genotype. The results of current study showed that using information of genes related to egg production could be used to improve the performance of native turkey of East Azerbaijan province.

Antigen Induced Inhibition of Autoimmune Response to Rat Male Accessory glands: Role of Thymocytes on the Efferent Phase of the Suppression

Autoimmunity ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Ferro ◽  
Marta Romero-Piffiguer ◽  
Virginia Rivero ◽  
Nora Yranzo-Volonte ◽  
Silvia Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Male Accessory Glands ◽  
Accessory Glands

Haemolymph Proteins and Yolk Formation in Rhodnius Prolixus Stål

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-431
Author(s):  
G. C. COLES
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Yolk Formation ◽  
Specific Proteins

1. There are two adult-specific proteins in the haemolymph of Rhodnius. They appear to be formed in the fat body. 2. The two proteins are absorbed by the oocytes and form the bulk of the soluble egg proteins. 3. The changes in the concentration of total protein in the haemolymph and of four protein fractions, as separated on cellulose acetate, do not reflect egg production. This may be a consequence of the hormonal control of reproduction.

Influence of thymectomy on growth of secondary reproductive structures in rats

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Development ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Thymus Gland ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Rapid Phase ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Long Evans

Ventral prostate glands and seminal vesicles of Long-Evans rats, thymectomized at 6–6 1/2 weeks of age and autopsied 3 weeks later, were significantly heavier than those of sham-operated rats. Values for thymectomized rats were as great as or greater than those for unoperated controls. The influence of thymectomy and sham operation was less pronounced when surgery was performed on rats which had not yet entered or had completed the most rapid phase of sexual development. A possible role of the thymus gland in the response to stress is discussed.

scholarly journals Hormone-mediated dispersal and sexual maturation in males of the social paper wasp Polistes lanio

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (23) ◽  
pp. jeb226472
Author(s):  
Robin J. Southon ◽  
Andrew N. Radford ◽  
Seirian Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Paper Wasp ◽  
Social Hymenoptera ◽  
Natal Nest ◽  
Male Dispersal ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Social Species ◽  
The Social ◽  
Males And Females

ABSTRACTSex-biased dispersal is common in social species, but the dispersing sex may delay emigration if associated benefits are not immediately attainable. In the social Hymenoptera (ants, some bees and wasps), newly emerged males typically disperse from the natal nest whilst most females remain as philopatric helpers. However, little information exists on the mechanisms regulating male dispersal. Furthermore, the conservation of such mechanisms across the Hymenoptera and any role of sexual maturation are also relatively unknown. Through field observations and mark–recapture, we observed that males of the social paper wasp Polistes lanio emerge from pupation sexually immature, and delay dispersal from their natal nest for up to 7 days whilst undergoing sexual maturation. Delayed dispersal may benefit males by allowing them to mature in the safety of the nest and thus be more competitive in mating. We also demonstrate that both male dispersal and maturation are associated with juvenile hormone (JH), a key regulator of insect reproductive physiology and behaviour, which also has derived functions regulating social organisation in female Hymenoptera. Males treated with methoprene (a JH analogue) dispersed earlier and possessed significantly larger accessory glands than their age-matched controls. These results highlight the wide role of JH in social hymenopteran behaviour, with parallel ancestral functions in males and females, and raise new questions on the nature of selection for sex-biased dispersal.

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