scholarly journals Association of polymorphisms in the promoter region of turkey prolactin with egg performance

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrangiz Fathi ◽  
Ghorban Elyasi-Zarringhobaie
Keyword(s):  
Promoter Region ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Breeding Center ◽  
Egg Performance ◽  
East Azerbaijan ◽  
Prolactin Promoter

The induction and regulation of broodiness is of the most important role of prolactin in avian species. In this study, the association between prolactin promoter region alleles and reproductive traits in Fars native turkey was investigated. These traits consisted of mean egg weight (MEW), number of egg (EN) and egg mass, during the first laying period. In total, 115 laying turkeys, randomly selected from the flock of the Breeding Center for Fars Native turkey, and DNA was purificated from blood samples, 231 bp of prolactin promoter region was amplified and Genotype of Samples was determinate by PCR-SSCP technique were genotyped. Two alleles D and I were identified. Based on the results obtained, the frequency of D and I alleles were 0.67 and 0.33, respectively. Frequencies of DD, II and ID genotypes were 0.385, 0.044 and 0.571, respectively. The association analysis between the polymorphism PRL gene promoter region and egg performance was carried out. Significant relationship was found between genotypes with egg production (P<0.01). Individuals with II genotype produced higher egg production than DD and ID genotype. The results of current study showed that using information of genes related to egg production could be used to improve the performance of native turkey of East Azerbaijan province.

scholarly journals Influence of Season and Day Length on Production and Reproductive Traits and Egg Characteristics of the Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris)

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Korankye Okyere ◽  
James Kwame Kagya-Agyemang ◽  
Serekye Yaw Annor ◽  
Akwasi Asabere-Ameyaw ◽  
Clement Gyeabour Kyere
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Laying Performance

Aims: This study was conducted to determine the influence of season and day length on production traits, egg characteristics, fertility and hatchability of laying Guinea fowls (Numida meleagris). Study Design: Factorial design was used for the study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Poultry Unit of the Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana, Mampong campus from September, 2015 to December, 2016. Methodology: Four (4) hens and one (1) male per replicate and fifteen (15) per treatment were each subjected to 12 hours of artificial light and 12 hours of darkness (12L:12D), 14hours of artificial light and 10 hours of darkness (14L:10D), 16hours of artificial light and 8 hours of darkness (16L:8D) and 18hours of artificial light and 6 hours of darkness (18L:6D). Each group was replicated three times and reared in three seasons (Dry-December-March, Major rains-April-July and Minor rains-August-November) in a 3x4 factorial experiment. Data were analyzed using General Linear Model procedure of SAS. Results: Results showed that egg weight, hen-day egg production and egg mass increased (P= .05) with increasing day length. Similar results were observed for yolk height, yolk weight and albumin height. Most production traits, egg characteristics, fertility and hatchability attained the highest (P= .05) value in the major rainy season. Conclusion: It was concluded that day length of 14-16 hours is sufficient for improved laying performance and that breeding cycles should be planned to coincide with the major rainy season.

Identification of Variants of ISL1 Gene Promoter and Cellular Functions in Isolated Ventricular Septal Defects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Qiang Zheng ◽  
Huan-Xin Chen ◽  
Xiao-Cheng Liu ◽  
Qin Yang ◽  
Guo-Wei He
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Ventricular Septal Defects ◽  
Septal Defects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gene Promoter Region

Ventricular septal defects (VSD) are the most common congenital heart defects (CHD). Studies have documented that ISL1 has a crucial impact on cardiac growth, but the role of variants in the ISL1 gene promoter in patients with VSD has not been explored. In 400 subjects (200 isolated and sporadic VSD patients: 200 healthy controls), we investigated the ISL1 gene promoter variant and performed cellular functional experiments by using the dual-luciferase reporter assay to verify the impact on gene expression. In the ISL1 promoter, 5 variants were found only in VSD patients by sequencing. Cellular functional experiments demonstrated that three variants decreased the transcriptional activity of the ISL1 promoter (P < 0.05). Further analysis with the online JASPAR database demonstrated that a cluster of putative binding sites for transcription factors may be altered by these variants, possibly resulting in change of ISL1 protein expression and VSD formation. Our study has for the first time identified novel variants in the ISL1 gene promoter region in the Han Chinese patients with isolated and sporadic VSD. Additionally, the cellular functional experiments, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and bioinformatic analysis have demonstrated that these variants significantly alter the expression of the ISL1 gene and affect the binding of transcription factors, likely resulting in VSD. Therefore, this study may provide new insights into the role of the gene promoter region for a better understanding of genetic basis of the formation of CHD and may promote further investigations on mechanism of the formation of CHD.

Epigenetic Changes in the γ-Globin Gene Promoter in Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells at Different Stages of Differentiation.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1742-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahipal Singh ◽  
Kestas Vaitkus ◽  
Maria Hankewych ◽  
Donald Lavelle ◽  
Nadim Mahmud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Methylation Pattern ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Erythroid Progenitors ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Globin Promoter

Abstract The role of epigenetic modifications, which represent a second layer of genetic regulation, appear to play an important role during hematopoiesis. How the chromatin structure changes from a preprogrammed hematopoietic stem cell to progressively differentiated cells and how the cell’s inner and surrounding environment affects orchestrating the epigenetic modifications is not clearly understood. This investigation was initiated to determine the pattern of DNA methylation in the γ-globin gene promoter region in the cells isolated from different stages of erythroid development in baboon (P. anubis). Baboon fetal liver hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPC) were purified by passage through a Miltenyi magnetic column (to deplete mature erythroblasts) followed by flow cytometric cell sorting of erythroblast depleted cells into various sub populations depending upon the expression of CD36 antigen. Three types of cell populations i.e. CD34+CD36−, CD34+CD36+ and CD34−CD36+ were collected. Clonal analysis was performed to verify the degree of differentiation of CD34+ cells based on their co-expression of CD36. CFC assays of CD34+CD36−, CD34+CD36+ and CD34−CD36+ cells revealed a cloning efficiency of 89%, 38.5% and 12% respectively, after 12 days of culture using methylcellulose media supplemented with a cocktail of growth factors and serum. Only CD34−CD36+ cells produced detectable CFU-E colonies while CD34+CD36− and CD34+CD36+ generated mostly BFU-Es. CD34+CD36− cells produced about 2 fold more BFU-Es as compared to CD34+CD36+ cell population. Moreover, the colony size also decreased as the cells progressed towards maturation. Our data suggest that CD34+CD36−cells are most primitive erythroid progenitors while CD34−CD36+ cells are the most committed mature erythroid progenitors and the CD34+CD36+ cells represent the intermediate stage. The methylation pattern of 5 CpG sites in the γ-globin promoter region in the above purified cell populations along with erythroblast fraction was assayed using bisulfite sequencing. Two independent fetuses, 56 and 58 days post conception (dpc) were analysed. Bisulfite treated genomic DNA was used to amplify the γ-globin promoter region and the PCR products were subcloned into pCR-TOPO vector. Sequences of fifteen independent clones per sample were analysed. Our results indicated almost complete methylation of the γ-globin promoter region in earlier stages of differentiation and a progressive decrease in methylation as the cells progress towards maturation. The methylation pattern observed was 98.3%, 63.3%, 28.3% and 7.4 % in 58d fetus and 92.6%, 69.2%, 26.3% and 0.0% in 56d fetus in CD34+CD36−, CD34+CD36+, CD34−CD36+ and erythroblast cell populations respectively. Only the −54 CpG site exhibited hypomethylation in the most primitive CD34+CD36− cell population. In conclusion, our results show a progressive decrease in methylation as the HSPC mature into erythroblasts and progressively accumulate more hemoglobin indicating a direct role of DNA methylation in regulation of hemoglobin production. Status of histone methylation and acetylation along with DNA methylation pattern of ε- and β-globin gene promoters in hematopoietic progenitors at various differentiated stages should enhance our understanding of γ-globin gene regulation in a non-human primate model which closely mimics human beings.

GW25-e5121 Role of DNA Methylation in NET Gene Promoter Region on the Association between Depression and Hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (16) ◽  
pp. C222-C223
Author(s):  
Meng Lin ◽  
Chen Jingzhou ◽  
Wang Jizheng ◽  
Pei Fei ◽  
Hui Rutai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Gene Promoter Region

scholarly journals A novel multifunctional metabolic pathway in a marine mollusc leads to unprecedented prostaglandin derivatives (prostaglandin 1,15-lactones)

1991 ◽  
Vol 273 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Di Marzo ◽  
G Cimino ◽  
A Crispino ◽  
C Minardi ◽  
G Sodano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Marine Mollusc ◽  
Defence Behaviour ◽  
Biosynthetic Studies

The discovery of high levels of prostaglandin (PG) 1,15-lactones of both the E and F series and their co-existence with PGs has been recently described in the opisthobranch mollusc Tethys fimbria. The present study was undertaken in order to investigate the biosynthesis of these novel natural PG derivatives in vivo using radiolabelled precursors, and to gain a preliminary understanding of their biological role. PGE2 1,15-lactone was shown to be produced from both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in the mollusc mantle and appeared to be quickly transferred to the mollusc dorsal appendices (cerata). The detachment of the latter during the typical defence behaviour of T. fimbria was accompanied by the conversion of PGE2 and PGE3 1,15-lactones back to the corresponding PGs. Both PGE2 and PGE2 1,15-lactone were also shown to be biosynthesized from arachidonic acid. Lactones of the F series were present as 11-acetyl derivatives in T. fimbria mantle and as 9- and 11-fatty acyl esters in the mollusc egg-mass and reproductive gland, and their biosynthesis from PGF2 alpha was demonstrated in all of these tissues. A multiple biological role of PG 1,15-lactones in T. fimbria defensive behaviour, smooth muscle contraction and egg production/fertilization control is hypothesized. The high amounts of PG derivatives found in T. fimbria and the biosynthetic studies described herein indicate that this marine mollusc may be a useful model for future studies on PG biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Isolation of pig mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase gene promoter: characterization of a peroxisome proliferator-responsive element

1999 ◽  
Vol 337 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. ORTIZ ◽  
Judith MALLOLAS ◽  
Carine NICOT ◽  
Josep BOFARULL ◽  
Joan C. RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Promoter Region ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Direct Repeat ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Transcription Start ◽  
Promoter Characterization ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Responsive Element

Low expression of the mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase gene during development correlates with an unusually low hepatic ketogenic capacity and lack of hyperketonaemia in piglets. Here we report the isolation and characterization of the 5´ end of the pig mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase gene. The 581 bp region proximal to the transcription start site permits transcription of a reporter gene, confirming the function of the promoter. The pig mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase promoter is trans-activated by the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), and a functional response element for PPAR (PPRE) has been localized in the promoter region. Pig PPRE is constituted by an imperfect direct repeat (DR-1) and a downstream sequence, both of which are needed to confer PPAR-sensitivity to a thymidine kinase promoter and to form complexes with PPAR·retinoid X receptor heterodimers. A role of PPAR trans-activation in starvation-associated induction of gene expression is suggested.

EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Manda Ghahremani ◽  
Courtney W Hannah ◽  
Maria Peneherrera ◽  
Karla L Bretherick ◽  
Margo R Fluker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Premature Ovarian Failure ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Ovarian Failure ◽  
P Value ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Methylation Array ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Deficient Mice

Background/Purpose: Premature ovarian failure (POF) affects 1% of women with a largely idiopathic and poorly understood etiology. The objective of this study was to identify specific epigenetic alterations by measuring DNA methylation of gene regulatory regions in women with POF vs. controls. Methods: Blood samples were collected from idiopathic POFpatients (Amenorrhea for at least 3 months and 2 serum FSH levels of > 40mIU/ml obtained > 1 month apart prior to age 40) and control women (CW) (healthy pregnancy after age 37 with out a pregnancy loss). Genomic DNA was extracted from EDTA anticoagulated blood and bisulfite converted for analysis using the Illumina Golden Gate Methylation Panel which measures DNA methylation at 1506 CpG sites in the promoter regions of 807 genes in 10 POF and 12 CW. Candidate genes with altered epigenetic marks between POF and CW at a nominal P-value < 0.05 were identified using a t-testcomparison within the Illumina bead studio software. Genes of interest were further analyzed for quantitative methylation at specific CpG sites using pyrosequencing in 30 POF and 30 CW. Results: Comparison of DNA methylation profiles of our initial POF and CW groups identified several genes with statistically significanthyper- or hypo- methylation in the POF group (P < 0.05), including the Androgen Receptor (AR)promoter region, which was significantly hypermethylated. To further validate these results, DNA methylation of the AR gene promoter was quantified bypryosequencing in a larger group of POF and CW. Pyrosequencing further confirmed a significantly higher DNA methylation of the AR promoter region inPOF vs. CW (P=0.007). Conclusions: This is a novel study identifying epigenetic alterations in POF. The hypermethylation of the AR gene in POF patients may cause decreased level of the AR in these women. This is especially interesting given a recent report of induced POF in AR deficient mice^1. Specific epigenetic markers, as identified by DNA methylation array profiling in blood, may serve as useful biomarkers for POF and other fertility disorders. However, it will need to be determined if these methylation changes are present prior to diagnosis, or are a consequence of menopause itself. Reference: 1.Hiroko S. et al. Premature ovarian failure in androgenreceptor deficient mice. PNAS;103:224-9

Probiotics in the diets of laying quails

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
O. Merzlyakova ◽  
V. Rogachyev ◽  
V. Chegodaev
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
The Cost

The efficiency of introducing probiotics based on strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium in the amount of 150 g/t of feed into the diets of laying quails has been studied. The experiment lasting 182 days has been carried out on four groups of quails with 30 heads in each. The quails have been housed in the broiler battery in compliance with the required microclimate conditions. Quails of all groups have been received the main diet (compound feed) developed taking into account their age and physiological characteristics. The quails of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups in addition to the main diet received probiotics (150 g/t compound feed) based on strains Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium, respectively. It has been found that feeding the laying quails of the consortium of strains Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis had the most significant positive impact on their productive performance, it allowed to increase egg production by 7,81 %, egg laying intensity by 5,0 %, egg mass yield by 9,77 %, while reducing feed expenditures for 10 eggs by 13,35 %. The yield of hatching eggs has been increased by 7,03 %, hatchability of chickens from laid and fertilized eggs by 8,33 and 8,35 %, brooding waste decreased by 21,74 %. Hematological parameters of quails during the whole experiment were within the physiological norm. The economic effect calculated on the basis of data on the cost of compound feed, probiotics and the cost of sold eggs of quail laying was 14,56 % in the 3rd experimental group (in relation to the control group).

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