Response and cyclic strain accumulation of pressurized piping elbows under dynamic in-plane bending

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Yahiaoui ◽  
D G Moffat ◽  
D N Moreton
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Cyclic Strain ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Strain Accumulation ◽  
Seismic Excitations ◽  
Outside Diameter

Eight pairs of carbon and stainless steel, long and short radius welding elbows were tested under conditions of steady internal pressure and in-plane, resonant dynamic moments that simulated seismic excitations. The elbows had an outside diameter of 60.3 mm and thicknesses of 3.91 and 5.54 mm. The material properties are reported, and the testing procedure and experimental programme fully described. The dynamic response of the comonents indicates that the stainless steel elbows behave differently from the carbon steel elbows. The cyclic strain accumulation for each component is assessed and ratios of applied to limit moments of the elbows at onset of ratcheting are given for each material. While the gross deformation range increased with level of input in testing, no permanent overall swelling or ovalization was recorded; this is contrasted with similar results reported in the general literature.

SANDVIK 3R12/4L7

Alloy Digest ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
304L Stainless Steel ◽  
Design Load ◽  
Recovery Boilers ◽  
Major Application ◽  
Outside Diameter

Abstract Sandvik 3R12/4L7 is a composite tube consisting of type 304L stainless steel for corrosion resistance on the outside diameter and having carbon steel (A210 Gr. A1) as the inside component for both water wetted service and the design load. The major application is tubing to handle the corrosive conditions in black liquor recovery boilers. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure as well as fatigue. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SA-482. Producer or source: Sandvik.

Burst Tests on Pipeline Containing Circumferential Corrosion Defects

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilson C. Benjamin ◽  
Jose´ Luiz F. Freire ◽  
Ronaldo D. Vieira ◽  
Jorge L. C. Diniz
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Tubular Specimen ◽  
Spark Erosion ◽  
X80 Steel ◽  
Corrosion Defects ◽  
Circumferential Defects ◽  
Tubular Specimens ◽  
Outside Diameter

Circumferential defects are the ones in which the width w is greater than the length L (w > L). In this paper the burst tests of three tubular specimens are presented. In these tests the tubular specimens were loaded with internal pressure only. The specimens were cut from longitudinal welded tubes made of API 5L X80 steel with a nominal outside diameter of 457.2 mm (18 in) and a nominal wall thickness of 7.93 mm (0.312 in). Each of the three specimens had one external circumferential corrosion defect, machined using spark erosion. Measurements were carried out in order to determine the actual dimensions of each tubular specimen and its respective defect. Tensile specimens and impact test specimens were tested to determine material properties. The failure pressures measured in the burst tests are compared with those predicted by five assessments methods, namely: the ASME B31G method, the RSTRENG 085dL method, the DNV RP-F101 method for single defects (Part B), the RPA method and the Kastner equation.

A Simple Design Equation for Preventing Buckling in Fabricated Torispherical Shells Under Internal Pressure

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Galletly
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Simple Equation ◽  
Design Equation ◽  
Simple Design

A simple equation is proposed which will enable a designer to estimate the onset of buckling in internally pressurized steel torispherical end closures. The equation applies to both crown and segment ends and spun ones. Apart from a factor which accounts for strain hardening, the same equation applies to both carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel torispheres. The proposed equation for the allowable internal pressure was checked against all known experimental buckling results and a minimum factor of safety of 1.5 was found. The equation was also checked against a number of full-scale vessels, some of which had failed in service. Once again, the equation was found to be satisfactory.

The Strength of Thick Cylinders Subjected to Repeated Internal Pressure

1960 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. M. Morrison ◽  
B. Crossland ◽  
J. S. C. Parry
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Practical Problem ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Light Alloy ◽  
Chrome Steel

In April, 1956, the authors presented to The Institution of Mechanical Engineers a paper entitled “Fatigue Under Triaxial Stress: Development of a Testing Machine and Preliminary Results,” and in September, 1956, a supplementary paper was presented to the International Conference on the “Fatigue of Metals.” These papers reported tests carried out on cylinders made from a 2 1/2 per cent Ni-Cr-Mo steel, which were subjected to (up to) ten million repetitions of internal oil pressure of (up to) 45,000 psi. Since the publication of these papers a considerable amount of testing has been carried out on cylinders made from a carbon steel, a 3 per cent chrome steel, an austenitic stainless steel, a light alloy, a nearly pure titanium, the Ni-Cr-Mo steel in a harder state, and both the Ni-Cr-Mo steel and the chrome steel in the nitrided condition. In addition, many tests of more academic significance have been carried out on the Ni-Cr-Mo steel in an attempt to achieve a better understanding of the extraordinary results which have been obtained. This paper is concerned mainly with the presentation of the results (supported, of course, by ancillary tests on each material), which are of importance in design. Points of academic interest are discussed only when they are relevant to the practical problem. In order to make the paper reasonably self-contained, a brief summary of the previous work is given, together with a short description of the machine which has been developed for this work.

Response and cyclic strain accumulation of pressurized piping elbows under dynamic out-of-plane bending

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Yahiaoui ◽  
D N Moreton ◽  
D G Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Strain ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Principal Strain ◽  
Strain Accumulation ◽  
Seismic Excitations ◽  
Maximum Principal Strain ◽  
Strain Behaviour ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Bending

In a previous publication (1),† an experimental programme, involving four carbon and four stainless steel pairs of 2 inch NPS, 90° welding elbows tested under conditions of steady internal pressure and dynamic inputs that induced resonant in-plane bending at frequencies typical of seismic excitations, was described and some results reported. In this contribution, a similar test programme using identical pressurized components under dynamic conditions that induced out-of-plane external moments at similar frequencies is considered. For each material, two thicknesses (extra strong and standard weight specifications) were chosen and for each thickness two bend radius geometries (long and short) were tested. The similarities and differences in instrumentation, response and behaviour between the two programmes are highlighted. While the dynamic responses and the levels of moment achieved were similar for both types of external loads, there was an important difference in strain behaviour. Firstly, the direction of maximum strain was found to be at about 45° between the hoop and axial directions. Secondly, while there was practically no strain accumulation in the axial direction, ratcheting in both hoop and maximum principal strain directions was initiated at about the same level of input. Thirdly, the direction of highest ratcheting was found to be along the hoop direction rather than the direction of maximum principal strain. The cyclic strain accumulation against response moment for each component is assessed and ratios of applied to limit moment at onset of ratcheting are given for each material.

Pyrolytic carbon filaments and associated catalytic particles formed in steel tubes

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 662-663
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
J. R. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Catalyst Particle ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Filamentous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Filaments

Considerable effort has been directed toward an improved understanding of the production of the strong and stiff ∼ 1-20 μm diameter pyrolytic carbon fibers of the type reported by Koyama and, more recently, by Tibbetts. These macroscopic fibers are produced when pyrolytic carbon filaments (∼ 0.1 μm or less in diameter) are thickened by deposition of carbon during thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases. Each such precursor filament normally lengthens in association with an attached catalyst particle. The subject of filamentous carbon formation and much of the work on characterization of the catalyst particles have been reviewed thoroughly by Baker and Harris. However, identification of the catalyst particles remains a problem of continuing interest. The purpose of this work was to characterize the microstructure of the pyrolytic carbon filaments and the catalyst particles formed inside stainless steel and plain carbon steel tubes. For the present study, natural gas (∼; 97 % methane) was passed through type 304 stainless steel and SAE 1020 plain carbon steel tubes at 1240°K.

Estimation of Some Mechanical Properties for Similar & Dissimilar Welded Joints

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Abdullah Daie'e Assi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Dissimilar Metals ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Type

This research deals with the choice of the suitable filler metal to weld the similar and dissimilar metals (Low carbon steel type A516 & Austenitic stainless steel type 316L) under constant conditions such as, plate thickness (6 mm), voltage (78 v), current (120 A), straight polarity. This research deals with three major parts. The first parts Four types of electrodes were used for welding of dissimilar metals (C.St A516 And St.St 316L) two from mild steel (E7018, E6013) and other two from austenitic stainless steel (E309L, E308L) various inspection were carried out include (Visual T., X-ray T., δ- Ferrite phase T., and Microstructures T.) and mechanical testing include (tensile T., bending T. and micro hardness T.) The second parts done by used the same parameters to welding similar metals from (C.St A516) Or (St.St 316L). The third parts deals with welding of dissimilar weldments (C.St And St.St) by two processes, gas tungsten are welding (GTAW) and shielded metal are welding (SMAW).        The results indicated that the spread of carbon from low carbon steel to the welding zone in the case of welding stainless steel elect pole (E309L) led to Configuration Carbides and then high hardness the link to high values ​​compared with the base metal. In most similar weldments showed hardness of the welding area is  higher than the hardness of the base metal. The electrode (E309L) is the most suitable to welding dissimilar metals from (C.St A516 With St.St 316L). The results also showed that the method of welding (GTAW) were better than the method of welding (SMAW) in dissimilar welded joints (St.St 316L with C.St A516) in terms of irregular shape and integrity of the welding defects, as well as characterized this weldments the high-lift and resistance ductility good when using the welding conditions are similar.

ATI 409HP

Alloy Digest ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
End Use ◽  
Oxidation And Corrosion

Abstract ATI 409HP (UNS S40900) ferritic stainless steel was introduced by ATI Allegheny Ludlum to provide improved oxidation and corrosion resistance for automotive exhaust systems in comparison to carbon steel. The alloy was designated "MF-1", indicating its end use: automotive mufflers. The good fabricability of this alloy, combined with its basic corrosion resistance and economy have significantly broadened the utility of ATI 409HP stainless steel. ATI 409HP consists of four grades: UNS S40900, S40910, S40920, and S40930. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1135. Producer or source: Allegheny Technologies Inc..

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