Fuel-related issues concerning the future of aviation

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
F W Armstrong ◽  
J E Allen ◽  
R M Denning
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Environmental Significance ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Mixing Rates ◽  
Total Oil

The paper discusses some major fuel-related issues which will influence the development of aviation over the next 50 years. Provided that global economic development is not halted by world- scale war or crisis, the demand for civil air transport is likely to continue to expand. The consequent rising requirement for aviation fuel is considered in relation to the projection that the total oil extraction rate from relatively accessible fields will reach a peak and then decline. The fuel options for aviation, against such a scenario, are explored. It is concluded that if the aviation demand cannot be met economically from conventional oilfield sources, supplementation by kerosene-like fuel synthesized from other feedstocks is much more likely, in the timeframe considered, than the radical step of a move to liquid hydrogen. The latter could be delayed until much later unless necessitated by constraints on carbon emissions. Other issues relating to aero-engine emissions are discussed, including the present uncertainties regarding the environmental significance of injection into the atmosphere at aircraft operating altitudes. The implications of restricting operations to the troposphere, to avoid the lower mixing rates of the stratosphere, are considered briefly.

The Role of Regional Airports in Connectivity and Regional Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Díaz Olariaga
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
Air Transport Industry ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Regional Airports

This article analyzes the contribution of regional airports in Colombia to the development of the domestic air transport network, and with it, to the connectivity of the regions and their social and economic development. The growth and evolution of Colombian regional airports are supported and driven by a set of public and investment policies, designed exclusively for the air sector and implemented, almost continuously, since the liberalization of the air transport industry in the country in the early 1990s and are still in development. Having said this, this work analyzes how the network of regional airports have been able to develop in two and a half decades through public policies, and later, how these airports have positively impacted connectivity and socioeconomic development in the territories. All this is done through the presentation and analysis of related indicators.

scholarly journals The Spatiotemporal Evolution Pattern and Influential Factor of Regional Carbon Emission Convergence in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Tong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Spatiotemporal Evolution ◽  
Reduction Strategy ◽  
Emission Level ◽  
Evolution Pattern ◽  
Convergence Model

As economic development rapidly progresses in China, a method of carbon emission control that provides reasonable solutions is needed. This paper analyzes the convergence of carbon emission evolutionary characteristics in different regions of China and studies the dynamics of carbon emissions in China based on a convergence model. It was found that the carbon emission levels of each region are prominent in terms of time, and the regional carbon emission level has absolute β characteristics. The regional carbon emission condition β convergences have different convergence paths. Therefore, it is necessary to justify carbon emission reduction in China and put forward an emission reduction strategy.

scholarly journals Inter-Regional Spillover of Carbon Emissions and Employment in China: Is It Positive or Negative?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbin Shao ◽  
Fangyi Li ◽  
Zhaoyang Ye ◽  
Zhipeng Tang ◽  
Wu Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Positive Spillover

International and inter-regional trade in China has been promoted, the economic and environmental impacts of which are significant in regional development. In this paper, we analyzed the evolution of inter-regional spillover of carbon emissions and employment in China from 2007 to 2012 with structural decomposition method and multi-regional input-output tables. The index of carbon emission per employee (ICE) is designed and compared to indicate positive or negative spillover effects. We find that carbon emissions grow much more rapidly in interior regions than in coastal regions, due to spillover effects and own influences. Spillover effects rarely reduce the ICE of destination regions, but the own influences can decrease it in most regions. Although spillover may contribute to economic development in most regions, it is hardly a driver of efficiency improvement in destination regions. Based on these empirical findings, we put forward specific suggestions to improve the positive spillover effects on different kinds of regions.

Extracción de petróleo y transformaciones socioterritoriales

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irvin Aguilar León
Keyword(s):  
Full Article ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Développement Économique ◽  
Comme Point ◽  
Political Economic

*Full Article is in SpanishEnglish abstract:This article responds to the question: how do the inhabitants of a community perceive the transformations of their territory associated with oil extraction policy in Mexico that are defined and upheld by prevailing political-economic trends? Oil extraction in Mexico has only highlighted the importance of oil as a main element of the country’s economic development. This situation contributes to the invisibility of the harmful eff ects in the territories where extraction takes place. The article focuses on the analysis of seven socioterritorial transformations that took place in the socio-cultural, socio-economic, socio-political and socio-environmental context of the Emiliano Zapata community. The perception of the inhabitants regarding the oil extraction activities that take place in their community shows they have been negatively impacted by sociocultural and socio-environmental contexts.Spanish abstract:Este artículo tiene como objetivo responder a la pregunta: ¿cómo perciben los pobladores de una comunidad las transformaciones de su territorio asociadas a una política de extracción de petróleo en México, defi nida y adecuada con base en las tendencias político-económicas imperantes? La extracción de petróleo en México ha destacado la importancia del petróleo como elemento principal del desarrollo económico del país. Esta situación contribuye a invisibilizar los efectos nocivos en territorios donde tiene lugar su extracción. El artículo analiza siete transformaciones socioterritoriales ocurridas en el contexto sociocultural, socioeconómico, sociopolítico y socioambiental de la comunidad Emiliano Zapata. La percepción de los pobladores en torno a las actividades de extracción de petróleo que tienen lugar en su comunidad evidencia que han impactado negativamente su contexto sociocultural y socioambiental.French abstract:Cet article a pour objectif de répondre à la question suivante : comment les habitants d’une communauté mexicaine perçoivent-ils les transformations de leur territoire associées à une politique d’extraction pétrolière qui est défi nie et adaptée en fonction des tendances politiques et économiques actuelles ? L’auteur prend comme point de référence la politique d’extraction pétrolière au Mexique, à partir de l’expropriation pétrolière de 1937 et jusqu’à la dernière Réforme énergétique de 2013, période caractérisée essentiellement par l’importance du pétrole comme un élément de développement économique du pays. Cett e situation contribue à invisibiliser les eff ets nocifs dans les territoires d’extraction. L’article centre l’analyse autour de sept transformations sociales du territoire qui surgissent dans le contexte culturel, économique, politique et environnemental de la communauté Emiliano Zapata, qui se trouve au centre des opérations d’un gisement pétrolier.

scholarly journals Do Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth Decouple in China? An Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hao ◽  
Zirui Huang ◽  
Haitao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Capita Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Relationship

Global warming has emerged as a serious threat to humans and sustainable development. China is under increasing pressure to curb its carbon emissions as the world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide. By combining the Tapio decoupling model and the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework, this paper explores the relationship between China’s carbon emissions and economic growth. Based on panel data of 29 provinces from 2007 to 2016, this paper quantitatively estimates the nexus of carbon emissions and economic development for the whole nation and the decoupling status of individual provinces. There is empirical evidence for the conventional EKC hypothesis, showing that the relationship between carbon emissions and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is an inverted U shape and that the inflection point will not be attained soon. Moreover, following the estimation results of the Tapio decoupling model, there were significant differences between individual provinces in decoupling status. As a result, differentiated and targeted environmental regulations and policies regarding energy consumption and carbon emissions should be reasonably formulated for different provinces and regions based on the corresponding level of economic development and decoupling status.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Influencing Carbon Emissions in the Energy Base, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1089
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Qin ◽  
Hui Tao ◽  
Chinhsien Cheng ◽  
Karthikeyan Brindha ◽  
Minjin Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Intensity Effect ◽  
Entire Energy ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Main Factors

Analyzing the driving factors of regional carbon emissions is important for achieving emissions reduction. Based on the Kaya identity and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index method, we analyzed the effect of population, economic development, energy intensity, renewable energy penetration, and coefficient on carbon emissions during 1990–2016. Afterwards, we analyzed the contribution rate of sectors’ energy intensity effect and sectors’ economic structure effect to the entire energy intensity. The results showed that the influencing factors have different effects on carbon emissions under different stages. During 1990–2000, economic development and population were the main factors contributing to the increase in carbon emissions, and energy intensity was an important factor to curb the carbon emissions increase. The energy intensity of industry and the economic structure of agriculture were the main factors to promote the decline of entire energy intensity. During 2001–2010, economic growth and emission coefficient were the main drivers to escalate the carbon emissions, and energy intensity was the key factor to offset the carbon emissions growth. The economic structure of transportation, and the energy intensity of industry and service were the main factors contributing to the decline of the entire energy intensity. During 2011–2016, economic growth and energy intensity were the main drivers of enhancing carbon emissions, while the coefficient was the key factor in curbing the growth of carbon emissions. The industry’s economic structure and transportation’s energy intensity were the main factors to promote the decline of the entire energy intensity. Finally, the suggestions of emissions reductions are put forward from the aspects of improving energy efficiency, optimizing energy structure and adjusting industrial structure etc.

scholarly journals Whose carbon is burnable? Equity considerations in the allocation of a “right to extract”

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivan Kartha ◽  
Simon Caney ◽  
Navroz K. Dubash ◽  
Greg Muttitt
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
The Political ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
Rapid Transition

AbstractCarbon emissions—and hence fossil fuel combustion—must decline rapidly if warming is to be held below 1.5 or 2 °C. Yet fossil fuels are so deeply entrenched in the broader economy that a rapid transition poses the challenge of significant transitional disruption. Fossil fuels must be phased out even as access to energy services for basic needs and for economic development expands, particularly in developing countries. Nations, communities, and workers that are economically dependent on fossil fuel extraction will need to find a new foundation for livelihoods and revenue. These challenges are surmountable. In principle, societies could undertake a decarbonization transition in which they anticipate the transitional disruption, and cooperate and contribute fairly to minimize and alleviate it. Indeed, if societies do not work to avoid that disruption, a decarbonization transition may not be possible at all. Too many people may conclude they will suffer undue hardship, and thus undermine the political consensus required to undertake an ambitious transition. The principles and framework laid out here are offered as a contribution to understanding the nature of the potential impacts of a transition, principles for equitably sharing the costs of avoiding them, and guidance for prioritizing which fossil resources can still be extracted.

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