Speed of Sound in Bubbly Liquids

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. McWilliam ◽  
R. K. Duggins
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Bubble Size ◽  
Gas Bubbles ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Sonic Velocity ◽  
Bubbly Liquids ◽  
Liquid Compressibility ◽  
Good Agreement

The variations of density and sonic velocity with gas content have been calculated for a liquid containing gas bubbles. Taking liquid compressibility and surface tension into account, the effects of pressure and bubble size have been assessed. Particular attention has been focused on air-water mixtures, and very good agreement has been obtained with the limited amount of experimental data available.

scholarly journals Surface tension of liquid Ti with adsorbed oxygen and a simple associate model for its prediction

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BRILLO ◽  
J. WESSING ◽  
H. KOBATAKE ◽  
H. FUKUYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Tio2 Powder ◽  
Bulk Oxygen ◽  
Electromagnetically Levitated ◽  
Oxygen Mole Fraction ◽  
Good Agreement

Surface tensions of electromagnetically levitated liquid Ti-samples were measured under the influence of oxygen. For this purpose, Ti-O samples were prepared by adding different amounts of TiO2 powder to pure Ti. The surface tension was found to strongly depend on the bulk oxygen mole fraction determined by chemical analysis. The results could be described by a simple model presented in the present work. In this model the Butler equation is applied and the formation of TiO2 – associates are taken into account. Non-ideal interactions ΔH≠0 between titanium and the associates also need to be taken into account. Good agreement with the experimental data is evident and also with a different model developed earlier by us.

scholarly journals Surface tension of O2-Ar, N2-Ar and O2-N2-Ar mixtures

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Mauricio García-Martínez ◽  
Benjamín Ibarra-Tandi ◽  
Daniel Porfirio Luis-Jiménez ◽  
Jorge López-Lemus
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Force Fields ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Experimental Surface ◽  
Argon Mixture ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Tension Curves ◽  
Good Agreement

The surface tension of some binary and ternary mixtures was calculated by means of molecular dynamics simulations in a canonical set. The analyzed mixtures were oxygen-argon, nitrogen-argon and oxygen-nitrogen-argon. The force field for argon was recalculated in order to reproduce the experimental surface tension. The corresponding force fields for O2 and N2 were taken from a previous work [Mol. Simul. 45 (2019) 958-966], where it was shown that such force fields reproduce the experimental surface tension curves, as pure fluids. The nitrogen-argon surface tension was calculated for several mole fractions of argon. The obtained curve was compared with those experimental data and a good agreement was found. The standard Lorentz-Berthelot combining rules were employed. For the oxygen-argon mixture it was necessary to modify the cross term of the combining rules in order to reproduce theoretical and experimental data. The surface tension of the ternary mixture was also estimated varying the mole fraction of argon at a certain concentration of oxygen and nitrogen, previously adjusted. Several temperatures were used in order to show a tendency mostly at relatively low temperatures. After comparing the available experimental data, which are scarce, a good agreement was observed.

Ps Bubble in Liquids

2012 ◽  
Vol 733 ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Zgardzińska
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Bubble Size ◽  
Bubble Radius ◽  
Potential Well ◽  
Positronium Lifetime ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Microscopic Surface

Ortho-positronium lifetime in alkanes and alcohols was measured in a broad range of temperatures. The results were compared with predictions of the bubble model. The bubble radius can be determined from the Tao-Eldrup equation as well as calculated using the model. The depth of potential well and surface tension are the main factors ruling the Ps bubble size. The best fit of the bubble model to the experimental data is obtained assuming the rectangular potential well to be 1 eV deep (equivalent to an infinite one broadened by 0.166 nm) and the microscopic surface tension increased about 3 times comparing to the macroscopic one.

Modeling of the surface tension of liquid Fe-P alloy by calculation of liquidus line in Fe-P binary system

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1399-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han S. Kim ◽  
Y. Kobayashi ◽  
K. Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Liquidus Line ◽  
Liquid Solution ◽  
Wide Composition Range ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Good Agreement

The surface tension of the Fe-P binary liquid solution was computed using a Butler's model in wide composition and temperature ranges by adopting the activity coefficient data that were evaluated from the phase diagram calculation. In the surface tension modeling, the Fe-P binary system was assumed as the Fe-Fe3P pseudo-binary system. The results of the computation were critically compared with the experimental data of the literature considering the effects of the size of the adsorbed elements and the interactions among them. The results of the computation at 1823 K showed good agreement with the selected experimental data of the literature in a wide composition range from 0 to 15 mass%P. Furthermore, the results of the computation at 0.5 mass%P showed good correlation with the selected experimental data of the literature in a wide temperature range from 1823 K to 1923 K.

A Hybrid Model to Predict the Onset of Gas Entrainment With Surface Tension Effects

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Saleh ◽  
R. C. Bowden ◽  
I. G. Hassan ◽  
L. Kadem
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Liquid Region ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Critical Height ◽  
Gas Entrainment ◽  
Good Agreement

The onset of gas entrainment in a single downward discharge, from a stratified gas-liquid region, was modeled. The discharge was modeled as a point-sink and Kelvin–Laplace’s equation was used to incorporate surface tension effects. Consequently, a criterion to characterize the dip radius of curvature, at the onset of gas entrainment, was required. The dip geometry was experimentally investigated and a correlation was developed relating the dip radius of curvature to the discharge Froude number. The correlation was used in conjunction with the theoretical model. It was found that the predicted critical height demonstrated good agreement with experimental data with the three-dimensional point-sink approach, while poor agreement using the two-dimensional finite-branch approach was found. The inclusion of surface tension improved the model’s capability to predict the critical height, particularly at discharge Froude numbers below 1.

Energy Levels and Electromagnetic Transition of 90-94mo Nuclei Using Ibm-1

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Dynamical Symmetry ◽  
Interacting Boson Model ◽  
Excitation Energies ◽  
Electromagnetic Transition ◽  
Boson Model ◽  
Energy States ◽  
Good Agreement

The energy states for the J , b , ɤ bands and electromagnetic transitions B (E2) values for even – even molybdenum 90 – 94 Mo nuclei are calculated in the present work of "the interacting boson model (IBM-1)" . The parameters of the equation of IBM-1 Hamiltonian are determined which yield the best excellent suit the experimental energy states . The positive parity of energy states are obtained by using IBS1. for program for even 90 – 94 Mo isotopes with bosons number 5 , 4 and 5 respectively. The" reduced transition probability B(E2)" of these neuclei are calculated and compared with the experimental data . The ratio of the excitation energies of the 41+ to 21+ states ( R4/2) are also calculated . The calculated and experimental (R4/2) values showed that the 90 – 94 Mo nuclei have the vibrational dynamical symmetry U(5). Good agreement was found from comparison between the calculated energy states and electric quadruple probabilities B(E2) transition of the 90–94Mo isotopes with the experimental data .

Predicting the Effect of Tire Tread Pattern Design on Thick Film Wet Traction

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Browne
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Network Design ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Digital Computer ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Pattern Design ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract An analytical tool is presented for the prediction of the effects of changes in tread pattern design on thick film wet traction performance. Results are reported for studies in which the analysis, implemented on a digital computer, was used to determine the effect of different tread geometry features, among these being the number, width, and lateral spacing of longitudinal grooves and the angle of zigzags in longitudinal grooves, on thick film wet traction. These results are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data appearing in the literature and are used to formulate guidelines for tread groove network design practice.

A New Condition of Formation and Stablity of All Crystalline Systems in a Good Agreement with Experimental Data

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3224-3228
Author(s):  
Tarek El-Ashram
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Brillouin Zone ◽  
Electron Concentration ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Lattice Point ◽  
Valence Electron ◽  
Fermi Gas ◽  
Valence Electron Concentration ◽  
Fermi Sphere ◽  
Good Agreement

In this paper we derived a new condition of formation and stability of all crystalline systems and we checked its validity andit is found to be in a good agreement with experimental data. This condition is derived directly from the quantum conditionson the free electron Fermi gas inside the crystal. The new condition relates both the volume of Fermi sphere VF andvolume of Brillouin zone VB by the valence electron concentration VEC as ;𝑽𝑭𝑽𝑩= 𝒏𝑽𝑬𝑪𝟐for all crystalline systems (wheren is the number of atoms per lattice point).

Virus Removal by Filtration

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 253-256
Author(s):  
N Sriramula ◽  
M Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cationic Polyelectrolyte ◽  
Electrokinetic Phenomena ◽  
Virus Removal ◽  
Bacterial Virus ◽  
Gravity Settling ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Model Virus ◽  
Good Agreement

An investigation was undertaken on the removal of a model virus, bacterial virus MS2 against Escherichia coli, by sand filtration using untreated, and alum or cationic polyelectrolyte treated media, and uncoagulated as well as alum coagulated influent. Data on discrete virus removal were satisfactorily accounted for by electrokinetic phenomena and diffusion. For virus in association with turbidity, filter coefficients computed from experimental data were in good agreement with those predicted by mechanical straining and gravity settling which were the dominant mechanisms for removal of the turbidity particles to which the viruses attached.

The study of acoustic scattering from a single sound-permeable sphere

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.Sh. Nasibullaeva
Keyword(s):  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Numerical Technique ◽  
Acoustic Scattering ◽  
Computer Time ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Scattering Field ◽  
Permeable Sphere ◽  
Test Verification ◽  
Good Agreement

The paper presents a generalized mathematical model and numerical investigation of the problem of acoustic scattering from a single sound-permeable sphere during the passage of two types of waves - spherical from a monopole radiation source and a plane one. In solving the Helmholtz equation, a numerical technique based on the fast method of multipoles is used, which allows achieving high accuracy of the results obtained at the lowest cost of computer time. The calculations are compared with known experimental data and a good agreement is obtained. The formulas for calculating the main characteristic of the scattering field (the total scattering cross section) for a sound-permeable sphere are generalized. The effect on this characteristic of the physical parameters of media outside and inside the sphere, such as the density and speed of sound, is shown. A numerical parametric analysis of the pressure distribution around a single sound-permeable sphere for different values of the wave radius, density, and speed of sound of the outer and inner medium of the sphere is carried out. The obtained results will later be used for test verification calculations for the numerical solution of the generalized problem of acoustic scattering of a set of sound-permeable spheres (coaxial or arbitrarily located in space).

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