Sustainable Management Model in a mining unit in the process of closing in Mexico. Case Study

As part of an Integrated Multiple Case Study (Yin, 2013), a method applied for the implementation of a Sustainable Management Model for the Mining-Metallurgical Industry of Mexico, the individual study of the mining analysis unit is presented, which is in the closing stage and belongs to the Au-Ag-Pb-Cu-Zn Mineralization Trend of the national territory. In addition to collaborating with the validation of the Model in field, this study aims to evaluate whether environmental, practices comply with legislative requirements and align with the international suggestions of the UN (2016) through Sustainable Development Goals selected from the agenda 2030. The contribution of this study lies in the importance that is generated from the closure strategy they have followed and how it impacts on the environment, involving ecological and social aspects primarily; the mining unit in the closing stage has been involved in clashes led by radical groups, arguing excessive devastation of important areas, forcing the corporation to execute plans for total closure.

Leguminous species effect in agroforestry systems in the Portuguesa state. Venezuela

Six leguminous species Frijol bayo (Vigna unguiculata), Frijol white Var. Orituco, Quinchoncho dwarf (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp., cv. Aroita), Kudzú tropical (Pueraria phaseoloides), Crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea), Sesbania (Sesbania grandiflora) were established in an agroforest systems to assess his effect on the chemical property of a Alfisol soil at municipality Ospino Portuguese state, at the farm La Yaguara planted with E. urograndis. In a design in random blocks with 7 processings and 4 repetitions, employing STATIXTIS 9.0 to carry out the ANDEVA and for variables where differences are presented the test was employed of Tukey (5%); obtaining as results that in the soil of the farm The Yaguara alone significant differences were found (P<0,05) for the variables relation C/N, CO, Zn, highly significant and differences (P<0,01)for N; being the Sesbania and quinchoncho the best treatment in relation C/N; for CO the frijol blanco and the treatment control; for Zn the quinchoncho and treatment control, frijol blanco and kudzú tropical; in the N quinchoncho and Sesbania. To confirm the generated profit to the agroforestry system analysis were completed foliate to the eucalyptus, finding highly significant differences for P with Frijol blanco and Kudzú and significant for Zn where is quinchoncho and treatment control.

Effect of the use of different types of fishmeal on the physicochemical properties of a fishfeed for Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia)

The objective of this research was to study the effect of two types of fishmeal on the physicochemical properties of extruded food for Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia). Using Pearson's squares, a diet was formulated (moringa, fish meal and corn flours, gelatin and vitamin and mineral premixes) with a protein content of 30 to 32%. The fish meal (sardine or salmon) was added in a 23.7% with respect to total composition of diet. The treatments were moistened with 13 and 17% water and processed in a single screw laboratory extruder. Extruded foods and a commercial (control), were analyzed according to their moisture, apparent density (DA), expansion index (IE), water absorption index (IAA), water solubility index (ISA), hardness and bulk density. The foods formulated with salmon flour at both moistures and with sardine flour at 17% humidity floated at 100%. The IE and DA values of food with salmon meal were like those of the commercial feed. Concluding that, the type of fishmeal used in the formulation of extruded foods influences the physicochemical properties of the product.

Effect on the fatty acid profiles of a microalgae strain (Dunaliella tertiolecta) using different lipid extraction techniques

Biodiesel is subject of research because it is less polluting when used in pure form or mixed with petroleum diesel. Microalgae are now a material new in research for mass production of biodiesel, so the techniques used for cell growth, biomass extraction and lipid extraction influence the profile of fatty acids susceptible to transesterification and consequently the quality of biofuel. This work shows the effect on the fatty acid profile of a Dunaliella tertiolecta strain using two lipid extraction techniques. For this, the culture was carried out in the medium F/2, the recovery of the biomass was carried out by sedimentation-flocculation with NaOH and once dry it was subjected to extraction with solvent by Soxhlet and by ultrasound to obtain lipids under the methodology by Bligh & Dyer. The fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography and the profile is made up of saturated-monounsaturated-polyunsaturated fatty acids and shows differences regarding the presence-absence and dry weight content. This represents a contribution to analyze the effect on physicochemical parameters established in Mexican regulations regarding the quality of biodiesel and to determine the potential of the microalgae strain for such production.

Chemical composition of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray (Asteraceae) and diversity of uses in rural areas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of Tithonia diversifolia, a shrub species in the Asteraceae family and the diversity of uses in rural areas. A bibligraphic review was conducted in Mexico and other countries in Central America, South America, Africa and Asia. Bromatological analyses of edible material (leaves and petiole) were performed to determine dry matter (DM), fat, ash, crude fiber, crude protein (CP), and nitrogen-free-extract (NFE). Fiber fractions were determined: neutral deterget fiber (FDN), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, from two locations in Jalisco state and one from Colima. Herbarium specimens were reviewed for knowing geographical distribution and rural uses. Results indicate that even without being legume, CP percentages are high with values of 18.42 to 31.54% with high dry matter content up to 98.92%, fiber values (30.81 to 34.08%) for NDF and (22.48 to 31.69%) for ADF. The bibliographic review highlights its forgae use, for ruminants and monogastrics, in beekeeping for its content of néctar and pollen, sucha as medicinal, ornamental and green manure for its contribution of nutritious, mainly phosphorus. T. diversifolia is a good option for its nutritional value and diversity of uses are demonstrated as an alternative in semi-intensive animal production systems in both tropical and temperate áreas.

Demand flow technology as a logistic strategy in a handmade production process. The case of Moringa oleifera leaf capsules

This paper presents the case study of an SME whose main turn is the spraying and encapsulation of the Moringa oleifera leaf through the handmade production system. The SME markets the product in five presentations and produces 6200 capsules in ten hours with a total of one multifunctional operator per shift. Its supply chain is represented in four echelons: raw material preparation, manufacturing, marketing, and the final consumer. The encapsulation process of Moringa oleifera was analyzed, and the problems related to the excess inventory in the process, milligram per capsule difference, lack of standards to perform processes such as weight verification were detected. As a logistics strategy, the Demand Flow Technology methodology together with the operations diagrams and Value Stream Mapping to eliminate activities that do not add value to the product was applied. As a result, the correct assignment of tasks to workers and the increment of the production line productivity were achieved.

Proximal chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of Persea americana leaves cv Hass, Fuerte y Criollo

The aim of this work was to determine the proximal chemical composition of leaves and infusion Persea americana cv Hass, Fuerte and Criollo, as well as, their antioxidant activity by standardized analytical methods. To carry this out, P. americana leaves were analyzed according to moisture content (fresh and dehydrated), only in the sampling area from Criollo variety was found that produced green and purple fruits, therefore, the leaves of these trees were also evaluated, in order to determine if the proximal composition and antioxidant activity depends on these factors. The results indicated that there is a statistically significant difference in the proximal composition between P. americana leaves of the three varieties evaluated, as well as, their antioxidant activity, with dry leaves infusion of the Criollo variety with green fruit showing the highest activity antioxidant (70 % Inhibition ABTS).

Effect of a food diet and weight gain on a fattening of sheep of the Dorper breed

In the present work we intend to evaluate the diet used in the fattening of 27 lambs of the dorper race and also measure the daily weight gains and by means of the comparison with different authors to make the decision to return or not to use said diet. The work done in order to evaluate the weight gain of 27 lambs of the Dorper breed in fattening fed with a diet based on hay of oats, alfalfa hay, ground corn, ground sorghum and chicken manure in which were found gains of 333 grams per day, thus having a final market weight of 48 kg on average, this in a period of 3 months of fattening after an early weaning of 2 months. Therefore, the decision was made that this diet based on oats, alfalfa, corn, sorghum and chicken manure generates adequate profits and therefore will be used by the producer in future fattening. The variations of the CA over time were estimated by means of a quadratic equation in the group of sheep.

Reineke based guide to manage density in Pinus montezumae stands in Puebla, Mexico

Objective: Generate a density management guide (DMG) based on the Reineke density index for even-aged stands of Pinus montezumae in Puebla, Mexico. Methodology: Dasometric information from 90 sampling sites of the Forest Management Unit 2103 of the state of Puebla was processed. Each site was 1,000 m2, circularly, coming from natural stands in high density and competition; all growth conditions and age range were covered. The variables density per hectare (N) and quadratic diameter (Dq) were used to adjust the Reineke density-size model. The technique of linear ordinary least squares (OLS) was compared against that of stochastic frontier regression (SFR); the quality of the adjustments was assessed using statistical and graphic criteria. The self-thinning line was determined and a DMG was constructed defining four zones of Langsaeter growth. Contribution: The SFR technique in its semi-normal mode better defined the limit of the maximum boundary of the observed data. DMG is useful for prescribing thinnings as intermediate silvicultural treatments for stands of the species. The maximum density index for a reference Dq of 25 cm was 886 trees ha-1.

A review of the state of the art of feature extraction of electroencephalographic signals

We present a review of the state of the art of the techniques and algorithms most used in the selection and detection of characteristics of electroencephalographic signals of people when consciously performing activities. These features are numeric parameters that describe the behavior of the signal and are the basis of patterns. In addition, previous experiences in the acquisition of electroencephalographic signals using the Epoc brain-computer interface manufactured by Emotiv are presented. First, some techniques used to eliminate artifacts (disturbances) present in the signal generated by blinking, strong breathing or other movements that contaminate the signal are presented. Later, the algorithms most frequently used in the processing of electroencephalographic signals are shown for the extraction of characteristics that describe the behavior of these patterns and that can be used to detect and recognize patterns in other signals. Finally, we present the lessons that we have acquired as a work team in the recording of electroencephalographic signals in order to be helpful for beginners.