A Whole-Life Approach to the Engineering Support of Equipment

1975 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Equipment Design ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Quality And Reliability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Made In

The cost of maintaining equipment throughout its service life attracts increasing interest as the growing complexity of equipment and plant, exploiting the advances made in engineering technologies, adds impetus to the search for ways and means of containing the effort required for its maintenance. Reliability and maintainability are key factors affecting maintenance workloads, and these are principally determined during design and development. This paper describes the contribution made by the Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (R.E.M.E.) towards improving the reliability and maintainability of Army equipment, based on knowledge of its intended operating environment and on the Corps' whole-life approach to the provision of engineering support. The paper develops the theme of the James Clayton Lecture Achieving quality and reliability, presented by Professor A. D. S. Carter on 15th May 1974, concerning the paramount need for matching equipment design to the user's requirements.

scholarly journals Cost-Benefit Analysis under the DSM Model of Green Lighting

2018 ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Yanjiang GONG ◽  
Jiang LI ◽  
Wenshuang YU ◽  
Runbing YANG ◽  
Tiejun ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Association Rules ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Subsidy Rate ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
The Cost

Based on the concept of DSM and the requirements of the demonstration project, the DSM model of green lighting was studied, carrying out the cost-benefit analysis. Combining the characteristics of the demonstration area, first of all, the cost-benefit of different interest subjects was analyzed. Secondly, the association rules algorithm was analyzed in detail, and the cost-benefit was analyzed by the association rules algorithm. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the key factors, affecting the cost and benefit of each interest subject, was done by using the algorithm. And it is concluded that the user subsidy rate and consumer electricity price are the key factors that affect the userТs willingness to use green lighting technology and power grid enterprises to implement DSM measures.

Application of Value Engineering to the Ductility Design of RC Frame Columns with High Compression Ratio

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Jun Qing Guo ◽  
Zhou Can Fu
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Frame ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Concrete Frame ◽  
High Compression ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Made In

This paper expatiates the prominent effect of axial compression ratios on the ductility of reinforced concrete frame columns and the limits of the ratios in Code for Seismic Design of Buildings and summarizes the ductility design methods of frame columns with high compression ratios. The principles of value engineering were adopted to analyze the major factors affecting the ductility of reinforced concrete frame columns. The cost of columns with high compression ratios and different types of ties in a real project was calculated and relevant analysis and evaluations were conducted according to Value Coefficient Discriminance. At last the optimum ductility design method for frame columns with high compression ratios was put forth, with which reference can be made in design.

scholarly journals Improving the methods for labor productivity calculation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 920-934
Author(s):  
V.V. Lymar'
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Cost

Subject. The article addresses the methods for calculating the labor productivity, as their efficient use enables to improve the social and economic development of the society, ensure stable economic growth and competitiveness of national economy. Objectives. The study focuses on identifying and structuring the factors that have an impact on labor productivity growth, analyzing the current methods for labor productivity calculation applied by Russian companies, and developing practical recommendations. Methods. I employ various methods of information gathering and processing, including the analysis of appropriate laws and regulations, official statistical data, public reporting of domestic enterprises, etc. The study also draws on the systems approach, and comparative and statistical analysis. Results. I offer a classification of the key factors affecting the labor productivity, reveal the value added as the most effective indicator for labor productivity evaluation. The cost component in value added most correctly reflects the dynamics of production as compared with the revenue-based methodology. The classification helps understand the most effective directions and methods of labor productivity improvement. Conclusions. The offered methodology is the most effective. It enables to present an adjusted algorithm for labor productivity calculation, using the value added.

scholarly journals The Cost Assessment of Hull Coatings Application done by Ship’s Crew on Dry Cargo Ships

Pomorstvo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-165
Author(s):  
Renato Ivče ◽  
Mateo Rudan ◽  
Darijo Mišković ◽  
Igor Rudan
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Planning ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Interested Party ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Optimal Decisions ◽  
Ship Maintenance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Board Ship

Proper ship maintenance is one of the key factors that have impacts on successful ships operations. It is important that ship’s crew and ship-owners strictly implement the required maintenance measures all in order to avoid accidents, unnecessary delays and possible detentions by organization conducting ship’s surveillance and inspection. Properly maintenance planning on board ship and also in the shipping company (on a fleet level) is one of the main factors affecting the maintenance costs. According to available literature, the most important factors are maintenance scheduling, choosing maintenance strategy, crew efficiency, and choice of the shipyard. This research aims to identify the key factors that have impact on ship’s hull maintenance planning and to provide a framework that can help the decision maker to identify and make optimal decisions on the required number of the crew engaged on the maintenance. Ship’s masters and officers sailing on dry cargo ships were asked survey questions and interviews, all in order to obtain their experience regarding the components of the ship’s hull protection by coatings. This article compares costs of deck protection by coating according to the number of the crew and maintenance tools as the variables having a significant impact on the costs of hull’s maintenance. The results may be used by the shipping company or other interested party in order to obtain a comprehensive overview regarding the interdependence of the deck crew costs on the total cost of deck protection by coatings.

Laser Local Stripe Bionic Strengthening of Mould Surface

2011 ◽  
Vol 101-102 ◽  
pp. 889-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Jun Liu ◽  
Li Qiong Chen ◽  
Zhi Xin Jia ◽  
Ji Qiang Li ◽  
Xian Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Die Life ◽  
Mould Surface ◽  
Butterfly Wings ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Cost

In order to solve the problems of the waste of resources, and reduce the cost directly caused by the short life of the hot die in enterprises, this paper analyzes the wear of hot die which is one of the main factors affecting service life, and a thought that enhanced mold through laser surface local stripe grid bionic process is pointed out. Different from traditional laser hardening technology, the service life of mold processed by bionic laser melting enhancement simulating butterfly wings is nearly doubled. Experimental results provide a new way to improve die life, and the application of laser local stripe grid bionic process will bring enterprises significant economic benefits for its extension in mould industry.

scholarly journals How Farmers Make Investment Decisions: Evidence from a Farmer Survey in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangjin Wang ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Xiaowei Liu ◽  
Maggie Foley
Keyword(s):  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
The Cost

Based on the grain production data hand collected in Mid-East China, a multinomial Logit model was employed to analyze factors that are critical to farmers’ investment decisions in food production. Reasonable explanations are provided to help understand differences between expected farmers’ investments in grain production and the actual results. It was found that the cost of machinery and the number of farmers is key factors affecting farmers’ willingness to adjust investment. Further research shows that most of the farmers who had the willingness to adjust investment did not implement the adjustments in the short-term. From the micro-adaptability expectation perspective, the time that it takes to adjust the planting area could explain farmers’ investment adjustment intention and the behavior. From the macro-investment perspective, short-term output elasticity of physical capital is less than long-term output elasticity. The differences between farmers’ willingness to invest and the actual results are therefore generated. These findings suggest that it is necessary to strengthen the application of big data technology in agriculture in order to improve the platforms’ efficiency in data releasing and reaching out to farmers to provide more accurate advice regarding investment adjustment.

IDENTIFICATION OF THE KEY FACTORS FOR ACCURATE LIFE-CYCLE COST ESTIMATION FOR CONSTRUCTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayedh Alqahtani ◽  
Andrew Whyte
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Factors

A major limitation of Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) estimation/prediction modelling is the current typical reliance only on those factors that can be readily quantified and come easily to hand. While estimation of the cost of the most common labor, material and plant resources receive consideration because of their high visibility factor, there are several non-cost factors (low visibility factors) affecting the estimate that are often overlooked and, it is argued here, require equal consideration in estimation processes that seek optimum accuracy. Unfortunately, such (low-visibility) factors are neglected or ignored by current prediction models. Identification of these non-cost factors (low visibility factors) affects LCC estimate accuracy and can improve estimation process confidence. This paper critically reviews secondary research on identification of these important non-cost factors and subsequently determines their influence on the accuracy level(s) of construction cost estimation.

EVALUATION OF FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Elena Evgenevna Mashyanova ◽  
Elena Aleksandrovna Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Global Financial System

In modern conditions of development, financial security is an integral part of the overall security of the region and is formed on the basis of the functioning of the financial system. The complication of relationships between key segments of international financial markets, as well as the limited ability to accurately predict future trends in the development of the global financial system, lead to a gradual increase in the risks that accompany the activities of economic entities, and an increase in the number and scale of internal and external threats that have a negative impact on the financial security of the state. This formulation of the issue requires generalization of approaches to determining the financial security of the region in order to further formalize this issue and determine the key factors affecting it. The article considers the types of financial security, as well as certain areas of ensuring the financial security of the region and their priority. In work the assessment of the level of socio-economic development of the region with a view to ensuring financial security on the basis of which offers the main activities and priority areas of implementation of the investment policy that will ensure financial security of the Republic of Crimea.

A new handbook on structural concrete service life assignment taking into account the operating environment impact in their life cycle

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Falikman ◽  
◽  
Valentina Stepanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
Concrete Service

В статье систематизированы основные критерии, необходимые для определения нормативных сроков эксплуатации бетонных и железобетонных конструкций, проведен анализ состояния отечественной и зарубежной нормативной базы в отношении требований к срокам службы железобетонных конструкций, рассмотрены основные нормативно-технические документы в области проектирования железобетонных конструкций зданий и сооружений по их жизнен-ному циклу. Описаны виды коррозионных повреждений железобетонных конструкций и определяющие их факторы, приведены согласованные на международном уровне модели долговечности для некоторых деградационных процессов. На основе проведенных работ подготовлены предложения по оценке коррозионного состояния эксплуатировавшихся железобетонных конструкций, их остаточной несущей способности, эксплуатационной пригодности, ожидаемого срока службы в заданных агрессивных условиях и методов определения нормативных сроков службы железобетонных конструкций. Даны предложения по разработке и актуализации ряда релевантных нормативных, технических и организационно-методических документов.

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