Axial Rotation of Lumbar Intervertebral Joints in Forward Flexion

1991 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Pearcy ◽  
R J Hindle
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Zygapophysial Joint ◽  
Forward Flexion ◽  
Full Flexion ◽  
Fixed Axis

This paper examined the mobility of intervertebral joints in axial rotation in a neutral and in two flexed positions. Torsion tests were conducted in vitro on specimens of isolated intervertebral joints in a rig specifically designed to apply torsion without imposing a fixed axis. This permitted the specimens to rotate about their own mobile axis of axial rotation. In addition the specimens were flexed about previously defined physiological axes of sagittal flexion in order to simulate movements as close as possible to those seen in life. It was shown that some intervertebral joints do exhibit an increased ability to rotate when in some degree of sub-maximal flexion dependent on the morphology of the zygapophysial joints. In full flexion axial rotation is limited, most probably by tightening of the posterior ligaments and zygapophysial joint capsules. This study lends evidence to the argument that torsion alone is insufficient to damage the intervertebral disc but a combination of flexion and torsion will increase its vulnerability to injury.

Cell shape and gene expression in human intervertebral disc cells: in vitro tissue engineering studies

2003 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Gruber ◽  
Ja Ingram ◽  
K Leslie ◽  
Hj Norton ◽  
En Hanley Jr
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Engineering Studies ◽  
Disc Cells

Is intervertebral disc degeneration related to segmental instability? An evaluation with two different grading systems based on clinical imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Volkheimer ◽  
Fabio Galbusera ◽  
Christian Liebsch ◽  
Sabine Schlegel ◽  
Friederike Rohlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Spinal Motion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background Several in vitro studies investigated how degeneration affects spinal motion. However, no consensus has emerged from these studies. Purpose To investigate how degeneration grading systems influence the kinematic output of spinal specimens. Material and Methods Flexibility testing was performed with ten human T12-S1 specimens. Degeneration was graded using two different classifications, one based on X-ray and the other one on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Intersegmental rotation (expressed by range of motion [ROM] and neutral zone [NZ]) was determined in all principal motion directions. Further, shear translation was measured during flexion/extension motion. Results The X-ray grading system yielded systematically lesser degeneration. In flexion/extension, only small differences in ROM and NZ were found between moderately degenerated motion segments, with only NZ for the MRI grading reaching statistical significance. In axial rotation, a significant increase in NZ for moderately degenerated segments was found for both grading systems, whereas the difference in ROM was significant only for the MRI scheme. Generally, the relative increases were more pronounced for the MRI classification compared to the X-ray grading scheme. In lateral bending, only relatively small differences between the degeneration groups were found. When evaluating shear translations, a non-significant increase was found for moderately degenerated segments. Motion segment segments tended to regain stability as degeneration progressed without reaching the level of statistical significance. Conclusion We found a fair agreement between the grading schemes which, nonetheless, yielded similar degeneration-related effects on intersegmental kinematics. However, as the trends were more pronounced using the Pfirrmann classification, this grading scheme appears superior for degeneration assessment.

Establishment of a Novel Intervertebral Disc/Endplate Culture Model: Analysis of an Ex Vivo In Vitro Whole-Organ Rabbit Culture System

Spine ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (25) ◽  
pp. 2918-2925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Haschtmann ◽  
Jivko V. Stoyanov ◽  
Ladina Ettinger ◽  
Lutz -P. Nolte ◽  
Stephen J. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Culture Model

Glucosamine HCl alters production of inflammatory mediators by rat intervertebral disc cells in vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J.L. Walsh ◽  
Conor W. O'Neill ◽  
Jeffrey C. Lotz
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Disc Cells

New anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion surgery for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a biomechanical study

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Biomechanical Study ◽  
Biomechanical Stability ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Crossover Effect ◽  
Flexion Extension

OBJECTIVE The traditional anterior approach for multilevel severe cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is demanding and risky. Recently, a novel surgical procedure—anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF)—was introduced by the authors to deal with these problems and achieve better clinical outcomes. However, to the authors’ knowledge, the immediate and long-term biomechanical stability obtained after this procedure has never been evaluated. Therefore, the authors compared the postoperative biomechanical stability of ACAF with those of more traditional approaches: anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF). METHODS To determine and assess pre- and postsurgical range of motion (ROM) (2 Nm torque) in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation in the cervical spine, the authors collected cervical areas (C1–T1) from 18 cadaveric spines. The cyclic fatigue loading test was set up with a 3-Nm cycled load (2 Hz, 3000 cycles). All samples used in this study were randomly divided into three groups according to surgical procedures: ACDF, ACAF, and ACCF. The spines were tested under the following conditions: 1) intact state flexibility test; 2) postoperative model (ACDF, ACAF, ACCF) flexibility test; 3) cyclic loading (n = 3000); and 4) fatigue model flexibility test. RESULTS After operations were performed on the cadaveric spines, the segmental and total postoperative ROM values in all directions showed significant reductions for all groups. Then, the ROMs tended to increase during the fatigue test. No significant crossover effect was detected between evaluation time and operation method. Therefore, segmental and total ROM change trends were parallel among the three groups. However, the postoperative and fatigue ROMs in the ACCF group tended to be larger in all directions. No significant differences between these ROMs were detected in the ACDF and ACAF groups. CONCLUSIONS This in vitro biomechanical study demonstrated that the biomechanical stability levels for ACAF and ACDF were similar and were both significantly greater than that of ACCF. The clinical superiority of ACAF combined with our current results showed that this procedure is likely to be an acceptable alternative method for multilevel cervical OPLL treatment.

Biomechanical in Vitro and Finite Element Study On Different Sagittal Alignment Postures of the Lumbar Spine During Multiaxial Daily Motion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Wilmanns ◽  
Agnes Beckmann ◽  
Luis Fernando Nicolini ◽  
Christian Herren ◽  
Rolf Sobottke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Sagittal Spinal Alignment ◽  
Biomechanical Response

Abstract Lumbar Lordotic correction (LLC), the gold standard treatment for Sagittal Spinal malalignment (SMA), and its effect on sagittal balance have been critically discussed in recent studies. This paper assesses the biomechanical response of the spinal components to LLC as an additional factor for the evaluation of LLC. Human lumbar spines (L2L5) were loaded with combined bending moments in Flexion (Flex)/Extension (Ex) or Lateral Bending (LatBend) and Axial Rotation (AxRot) in a physiological environment. We examined the dependency of AxRot range of motion (RoM) on the applied bending moment. The results were used to validate a Finite Element (FE) model of the lumbar spine. With this model, the biomechanical response of the intervertebral discs (IVD) and facet joints under daily motion was studied for different sagittal spinal alignment (SA) postures, simulated by a motion in Flex/Ex direction. Applied bending moments decreased AxRot RoM significantly (all P<0.001). A stronger decline of AxRot RoM for Ex than for Flex direction was observed (all P<0.0001). Our simulated results largely agreed with the experimental data (all R2>0.79). During daily motion, the IVD was loaded higher with increasing lumbar lordosis (LL) for all evaluated values at L2L3 and L3L4 and posterior Annulus Stress (AS) at L4L5 (all P<0.0476). The results of this study indicate that LLC with large extensions of LL may not always be advantageous regarding the biomechanical loading of the IVD. This finding may be used to improve the planning process of LLC treatments.

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