Laser Diffraction Estimation of Particle Size Distribution of Slightly Water-Soluble Drugs Coexisting with Additives: Application to Solid Dosage Forms.

Particle size distribution is an important soil parameter—therefore precise measurement of this characteristic is essential. The application of the widely used laser diffraction method for soil analysis continues to be a subject of debate. The precision of this method, proven on homogeneous samples, has been implicitly extended to soil analyses, but this has not been sufficiently well confirmed in the literature thus far. The aim of this study is to supplement the information available on the precision of the method in terms of reproducibility of soil measurement and whether the reproducibility of soil measurement is characterized by a normal distribution. To estimate the reproducibility of the laser diffraction method, thirteen various soil samples were characterized, and results were analysed statistically. The coefficient of variation acquired was lowest (3.44%) for silt and highest for sand (23.28%). Five of the thirteen tested samples were characterized by a normal distribution. The fraction content of eight samples was not characterized by normal distribution, but the extent of this phenomenon varied between soils. Although the laser diffraction method is repeatable, the measurement of soil particle size distribution can have limited reproducibility. The main cause seems to be small amounts of sand particles. The error can be amplified by the construction of the dispersion unit. Non-parametric statistical tests should be used by default for soil laser diffraction method analysis.

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Digital microscopic image application (DMIA), an automatic method for particle size distribution analysis in waste activated sludge

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2021.102 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

S. Cazares ◽

J. A. Barrios ◽

C. Maya ◽

G. Velásquez ◽

M. Pérez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Particle Diameter ◽

Diffraction Method ◽

Laser Diffraction ◽

Waste Activated Sludge ◽

Equivalent Diameter ◽

Distribution Analysis

Abstract An important physical property in environmental samples is particle size distribution. Several processes exist to measure particle diameter, including change in electrical resistance, blocking of light, the fractionation of field flow and laser diffraction (these being the most commonly used). However, their use requires expensive and complex equipment. Therefore, a Digital Microscopic Imaging Application (DMIA) method was developed adapting the algorithms used in the Helminth Egg Automatic Detector (HEAD) software coupled with a Neural Network (NN) and Bayesian algorithms. This allowed the determination of particle size distribution in samples of waste activated sludge (WAS), recirculated sludge (RCS), and pretreated sludge (PTS). The recirculation and electro-oxidation pre-treatment processes showed an effect in increasing the degree of solubilization (DS), decreasing particle size and breakage factor with ranges between 44.29%, and 31.89%. Together with a final NN calibration process, it was possible to compare results. For example, the 90th percentile of Equivalent Diameter (ED) value obtained by the DMIA with the corresponding result for the laser diffraction method. DMIA values: 228.76 μm (WAS), 111.18 μm (RCS), and 84.45 μm (PTS). DMIA processing has advantages in terms of reducing complexity, cost and time, and offers an alternative to the laser diffraction method.

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Particle-Size Requirements Related to Content Uniformity of Solid Dosage Forms

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1002/jps.2600631234 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 63 (12) ◽

pp. 1961-1963 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M.C.R. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Content Uniformity ◽

Solid Dosage Forms ◽

Solid Dosage

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Encapsulation of lipid-based formulations in porous carriers for controlled drug delivery

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867328666210420103841 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Phuong H.L. Tran ◽

Thao T.D. Tran

Keyword(s):

Porous Materials ◽

Controlled Drug Release ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Solid Dosage Forms ◽

Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽

Solid Dosage ◽

Water Soluble Drugs ◽

Porous Carriers ◽

Poorly Water Soluble ◽

And Control

: Lipid-based formulations have recently been investigated as a promising approach to enhance the bioavailability of drugs, especially poorly water-soluble drugs. The encapsulation of lipid-based formulations in porous materials can result in a transformation of liquids or semisolid forms to solid dosage forms. Moreover, the specific structure of porous carriers could offer an enhanced ability to load and control active pharmaceutical ingredients. Although there have been prominent reports on lipid-based formulations and porous materials as promising technologies for controlled drug release, the overall methods of encapsulating lipid-based formulations need to be discussed for further formulation investigations. This review aims to present the key strategies used for producing porous carriers containing lipid-based formulations. We also discuss methods that enhance the encapsulation efficiency of loaded drugs within porous structures (instead of lipid-based formulations). Moreover, the critical factors that affect tablet formation are outlined. This overview of lipid-based formulations encapsulated within porous materials provides a summary of the technical methods used in the development of these formulations and their clinical translation.

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Application of laser diffraction method for determination

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/2133-rae ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 34-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Ryzak ◽

A. Bieganowski ◽

R.T. Walczak

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Podzolic Soil ◽

Diffraction Method ◽

Laser Diffraction ◽

Soil Material ◽

New Methods ◽

Particle Size Distribution Measurement ◽

Straight Lines

Particle size distribution affects many physical soil properties and processes taking place in soil. There are many methods to determine the particle size distribution. The most frequently used are the sieve, sieve-pipette and sedimentation methods. Technological progress in electronics permitted a wide use of new methods of particle size distribution measurement in soil, e.g. the laser diffraction method. A comparison of particle size distribution obtained with the universally used areometer method (Cassagrande, modified by Prószynski) with results from the laser diffraction method for soil material received from grey-brown podzolic soil is presented in this work. The largest differences between the results were obtained for the smallest fraction determined with the areometer and laser diffraction methods. In a majority of other cases the slopes of interpolated straight lines were contained within the range of 0.81 ÷ 1.09.

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Laser Diffraction as An Innovative Alternative to Standard Pipette Method for Determination of Soil Texture Classes in Central Europe

Water ◽

10.3390/w12051232 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1232

Author(s):

Dušan Igaz ◽

Elena Aydin ◽

Miroslava Šinkovičová ◽

Vladimír Šimanský ◽

Andrej Tall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Soil Texture ◽

Polynomial Regression ◽

Texture Classification ◽

Size Fraction ◽

Laser Diffraction ◽

Classification Systems ◽

Particle Size Fraction

The paper presents the comparison of soil particle size distribution determined by standard pipette method and laser diffraction. Based on the obtained results (542 soil samples from 271 sites located in the Nitra, Váh and Hron River basins), regression models were calculated to convert the results of the particle size distribution by laser diffraction to pipette method. Considering one of the most common soil texture classification systems used in Slovakia (according to Novák), the emphasis was placed on the determination accuracy of particle size fraction <0.01 mm. Analysette22 MicroTec plus and Mastersizer2000 devices were used for laser diffraction. Polynomial regression model resulted in the best approximation of measurements by laser diffraction to values obtained by pipette method. In the case of particle size fraction <0.01 mm, the differences between the measured values by pipette method and both laser analyzers ranged in average from 3% up to 9% and from 2% up to 11% in the case of Analysette22 and Mastersizer2000, respectively. After correction, the differences decreased to average 3.28% (Analysette22) and 2.24% (Mastersizer2000) in comparison with pipette method. After recalculation of the data, laser diffraction can be used alongside the sedimentation methods.

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