Effects of Weight-bearing Exercise on Markers of Bone Turnover During Short-term Weight Loss in Overweight Premenopausal Women

Weight loss improves metabolic fitness and reduces morbidity and mortality; however, weight reduction also reduces bone mineral density (BMD) and increases bone turnover. Weight-bearing aerobic exercise may preserve bone mass and maintain normal bone turnover during weight reduction. We investigated the impact of weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing exercise on serum markers of bone formation and breakdown during short-term, modest weight loss in overweight premenopausal women. Subjects (n = 36) were assigned to 1 of 3 weight-loss interventions designed to produce a 5% reduction in body weight over 6 weeks: (i) energy restriction only (n = 11; DIET); (ii) energy restriction plus nonweight-bearing exercise (n = 12, CYCLE); or (iii) energy restriction plus weight-bearing exercise (n = 13, RUN). Bone turnover markers were measured in serum collected at baseline and after weight loss. All groups achieved a ∼5% reduction in body weight (DIET = 5.2%; CYCLE = 5.0%; RUN = 4.7%). Osteocalcin (OC) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) increased with weight loss in all 3 groups (p < 0.05), whereas bone alkaline phosphatase was unaltered by the weight-loss interventions. At baseline, OC and CTX were positively correlated (r = 0.36, p = 0.03), but the strength of this association was diminished (r = 0.30, p = 0.06) after weight loss. Modest weight loss, regardless of method, resulted in a significant increase in both OC and CTX. Low-impact, weight-bearing exercise had no effect on serum markers of bone formation or resorption in premenopausal women during weight loss. Future studies that examine the effects of high-impact, weight-bearing activity on bone turnover and BMD during weight loss are warranted.

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Short-term changes in growth and urinary growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I and markers of bone turnover excretion in healthy prepubertal children

Growth Hormone & IGF Research ◽

10.1054/ghir.1999.0136 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 28-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

V. Tillmann ◽

M.S. Gill ◽

N.K.S. Thalange ◽

G. Birkinshaw ◽

D.A. Price ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Short Term ◽

Prepubertal Children ◽

Factor I ◽

Markers Of Bone Turnover ◽

Growth Factor I

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Effect of calcium fortified milk supplementation with or without vitamin K on biochemical markers of bone turnover in premenopausal women

Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.nut.2006.08.008 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 22 (11-12) ◽

pp. 1120-1128 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Marlena C. Kruger ◽

Christine L. Booth ◽

Jane Coad ◽

Linda M. Schollum ◽

Barbara Kuhn-Sherlock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Turnover ◽

Vitamin K ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Fortified Milk ◽

Markers Of Bone Turnover

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Weight-bearing, aerobic exercise increases markers of bone formation during short-term weight loss in overweight and obese men and women

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.metabol.2006.07.023 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 55 (12) ◽

pp. 1616-1618 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Pamela S. Hinton ◽

R. Scott Rector ◽

Tom R. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Short Term ◽

Men And Women ◽

Markers Of Bone Formation

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The Effect of Yoga on Markers of Bone Turnover in Osteopenic Women: a Pilot Study

International Journal of Yoga Therapy ◽

10.17761/ijyt.19.1.qp27775g00841010 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 63-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Judith Balk ◽

Melissa Gluck ◽

Lisa Bernardo ◽

Janet Catov

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Bone Turnover Markers ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Hatha Yoga ◽

Yoga Practice ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Markers Of Bone Turnover ◽

Turnover Markers

Weight-bearing exercise is recommended to improve bone density. Hatha Yoga is a popular form of weight-bearing exercise that includes physical postures, stretching, breathing, and relaxation. We hypothesized that Hatha Yoga would have beneficial effects on bone turnover markers. We conducted a small feasibility pilot study with a prospective, pre-post design comparing markers of bone turnover before and after Yoga training in sedentary osteopenic postmenopausal women. Markers of bone formation were measured with serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP). Measures of bone resorption were measured with urinary type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide (uNTX). Seven participants completed a 12-week series of one hour per week Yoga classes, in addition to home Yoga practice. We analyzed the correlation between time spent on Yoga and time spent on other weight-bearing exercise and change in bone turnover markers. The amount of Yoga practice was significantly correlated with BAP levels (r = 0.68, p = 0.09). A weaker, non-significant correlation was found between the amount of Yoga practice and uNTX levels (r = -.54, p = .21). Compared to Yoga, other physical activities were less correlated with BAP and uNTX levels. Yoga may have beneficial effects on bone turnover in osteopenic postmenopausal women.

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Weight-bearing exercise and markers of bone turnover in female athletes

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.565 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 565-570 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

Dana L. Creighton ◽

Amy L. Morgan ◽

Debra Boardley ◽

P. Gunnar Brolinson

Keyword(s):

Bone Resorption ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Mineral Density ◽

High Group ◽

Markers Of Bone Turnover ◽

Total Body

Weight-bearing activity provides an osteogenic stimulus, while effects of swimming on bone are unclear. We evaluated bone mineral density (BMD) and markers of bone turnover in female athletes ( n = 41, age 20.7 yr) comparing three impact groups, high impact (High, basketball and volleyball, n= 14), medium impact (Med, soccer and track, n = 13), and nonimpact (Non, swimming, n = 7), with sedentary age-matched controls (Con, n = 7). BMD was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine, femoral neck (FN), Ward's triangle, and trochanter (TR); bone resorption estimated from urinary cross-linked N-telopeptides (NTx); and bone formation determined from serum osteocalcin. Adjusted BMD (g/cm; covariates: body mass index, weight, and calcium and calorie intake) was greater at the FN and TR in the High group (1.27 ± 0.03 and 1.05 ± 0.03) than in the Non (1.05 ± 0.04 and 0.86 ± 0.04) and Con (1.03 ± 0.05 and 0.85 ± 0.05) groups and greater at the TR in the Med group (1.01 ± 0.03) than in the Non (0.86 ± 0.04) and Con (0.85 ± 0.05) groups. Total body BMD was higher in the High group (4.9 ± 0.12) than in the Med (4.5 ± 0.12), Non (4.2 ± 0.14), and Con (4.1 ± 0.17) groups and greater in the Med group than in the Non and Con groups. Bone formation was lower in the Non group (19.8 ± 2.6) than in the High (30.6 ± 3.0) and Med (32.9 ± 1.9, P ≤ 0.05) groups. No differences in a marker of bone resorption (NTx) were noted. This indicates that women who participate in impact sports such as volleyball and basketball had higher BMDs and bone formation values than female swimmers.

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