Aerobic Exercise Training Reverses Reduced Endothelial Function after Acute Exertion in Overweight Adults

We assessed the impact of a structured lower-limb aerobic exercise training intervention during pregnancy on brachial artery endothelial function, shear rate and patterns, and forearm blood flow and reactive hyperemia. Twenty-seven pregnant women were recruited and randomized into either a control group (n=11; 31.0 ± 0.7 years), or an exercise intervention group (n=16; 32.6 ± 0.9 years; NCT02948439). The exercise group completed 40 minutes of aerobic exercise (50-70% heart rate reserve) 3-4 times per week, between the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD, normalized for shear stress) pre- (16-20 weeks) and post-intervention (34-36 weeks). The exercise training group experienced an attenuated increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) relative to the control group (∆MAP exercise: +2± 2 mmHg vs. control: +7±3 mmHg; p=0.044) from pre- to post-intervention. % FMD change corrected for shear stress was not different between groups (p=0.460); however, the post occlusion mean flow rate (exercise: 437±32 mL/min vs. control: 364±35 mL/min; p=0.001) and post occlusion anterograde flow rate (exercise: 438±32 mL/min vs. control: 364±46 mL/min;p=0.001) were larger for the exercise training group compared to controls, post-intervention. Although endothelial function was not different between groups, we observed an increase in microcirculatory dilatory capacity, as suggested by the augmented reactive hyperemia in the exercise training group. Novelty: • Endothelial function was not altered with exercise training during pregnancy. • Exercise training did contribute to improved cardiovascular outcomes, which may have been associated with augmented reactive hyperaemia, indicative of increased microcirculatory dilatory capacity

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Effects of resveratrol or estradiol on postexercise endothelial function in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00488.2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 128 (4) ◽

pp. 739-747

Author(s):

Cemal Ozemek ◽

Kerry L. Hildreth ◽

Patrick J. Blatchford ◽

K. Joseph Hurt ◽

Rachael Bok ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Endurance Exercise ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Training Effects ◽

Estradiol Treatment

Regular exercise enhances endothelial function in older men, but not consistently in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. Estradiol treatment improves basal endothelial function and restores improvements in endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation, FMD) to aerobic exercise training in postmenopausal women; however, estradiol treatment is controversial. Resveratrol, an estrogen receptor ligand, enhances exercise training effects on cardiovascular function and nitric oxide (NO) release in animal models, but impairs exercise training effects in men. We conducted a randomized cross-over, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study to determine whether acute (single dose) resveratrol (250-mg tablet) or estradiol (0.05 mg/day transdermal patch) treatment enhances FMD at rest and after a single bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in healthy estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women ( n = 15, 58.1 ± 3.2 yr). FMD was measured before and after (30, 60, and 120 min) a 40-min bout of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise (60–75% peak heart rate) under the respective conditions (separated by 1-2 wk). FMD was higher ( P < 0.05) before exercise and at all post-exercise time points in the resveratrol and estradiol conditions compared to placebo. FMD was increased from baseline by 120 min postexercise in the estradiol condition ( P < 0.001), but not resveratrol or PL conditions. Consistent with our previous findings, estradiol also enhances endothelial function in response to acute endurance exercise. Although resveratrol improved basal FMD, there was no apparent enhancement of FMD to acute exercise and, therefore, may not act as an estradiol mimetic. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The benefits of endurance exercise training on endothelial function are diminished in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, but estradiol treatment appears to restore improvements in endothelial function in this group. We show that basal endothelial function is enhanced with both acute estradiol and resveratrol treatments in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, but endothelial function is only enhanced following acute endurance exercise with estradiol treatment.

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The effect of different doses of aerobic exercise training on endothelial function in postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure: results from the DREW study

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2011-090025 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. 753-758 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Damon L Swift ◽

Conrad P Earnest ◽

Steven N Blair ◽

Timothy S Church

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Elevated Blood Pressure ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Different Doses

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Effects of 10 weeks of aerobic exercise training on cardiovascular function, atherosclerosis, and vascular endothelial function in elderly women

Korean Journal of Sport Science ◽

10.24985/kjss.2017.28.2.300 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 300-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lee Byung Sun ◽

Man-Gyoon Lee ◽

김경애

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Cardiovascular Function ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Vascular Endothelial Function

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Short-term exercise training improves flow-mediated dilation and circulating angiogenic cell number in older sedentary adults

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2015-0637 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (8) ◽

pp. 832-841 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Rian Q. Landers-Ramos ◽

Kelsey J. Corrigan ◽

Lisa M. Guth ◽

Christine N. Altom ◽

Espen E. Spangenburg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Redox Balance ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Flow Mediated Dilation ◽

Short Term ◽

Circulating Angiogenic Cell

Cardiovascular disease risk increases with age due, in part, to impaired endothelial function and decreased circulating angiogenic cell (CAC) number and function. We sought to determine if 10 days of aerobic exercise training improves endothelial function, CAC number, and intracellular redox balance in older sedentary adults. Eleven healthy subjects (4 men, 7 women), 61 ± 2 years of age participated in 60 min of aerobic exercise at 70% maximal oxygen consumption for 10 consecutive days while maintaining body weight. Before and after training, endothelial function was measured as flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery and fasting blood was drawn to enumerate 3 CAC subtypes. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in CD34+ CACs were measured using fluorescent probes and reinforced via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Flow-mediated dilation improved significantly following training (10% ± 1.3% before vs. 16% ± 1.4% after training; P < 0.05). Likewise, CD34+/KDR+ number increased 104% and KDR+ number increased 151% (P < 0.05 for both), although CD34+ number was not significantly altered (P > 0.05). Intracellular NO and ROS levels in CD34+ CACs were not different after training (P > 0.05 for both). Messenger RNA expression of SOD1, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and NADPH oxidase 2 and neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 in CD34+ CACs was not significantly altered with training (P > 0.05). In conclusion, 10 consecutive days of aerobic exercise increased flow-mediated dilation and CAC number in older, previously sedentary adults, but did not affect intracellular redox balance in CD34+ CACs. Overall, these data indicate that even short-term aerobic exercise training can have a significant impact on cardiovascular disease risk factors.

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