scholarly journals Automobiles on Steroids: Product Attribute Trade-Offs and Technological Progress in the Automobile Sector

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 3368-3399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R Knittel
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Product Attribute ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Engine Power

This paper estimates the technological progress that has occurred since 1980 in the automobile industry and the trade-offs faced when choosing between fuel economy, weight, and engine power characteristics. The results suggest that if weight, horsepower, and torque were held at their 1980 levels, fuel economy could have increased by nearly 60 percent from 1980 to 2006. Once technological progress is considered, meeting the CAFE standards adopted in 2007 will require halting the trend in weight and engine power characteristics, but little more. In contrast, the standards recently announced by the new administration, while attainable, require nontrivial "downsizing.” JEL: L50, L60

scholarly journals Fuel economy assessment tool for auxiliary kite propulsion of merchant ship

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Podeur ◽  
Damien Merdrignac ◽  
Morgan Behrel ◽  
Kostia Roncin ◽  
Caroline Fonti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Merchant Ship ◽  
Added Resistance In Waves ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Engine Power

A tool dedicated to assess fuel economy induced by kite propulsion has been developed. To produce reliable results, computations must be performed on a period over several years, for several routes and for several ships. In order to accurately represent the impact of meteorological trends variations on the exploitability of the kite towing concept, a time domain approach of the problem has been used. This tool is based on the weather database provided by the ECMWF. Two sailing strategies can be selected for assessing the performance of the kite system. For a given kite area, the simulation can be run either at constant speed or at constant engine power. A validation has been made, showing that predicted consumption is close from in-situ measurement. It shows an underestimation of 11.9% of the mean fuel consumption mainly due to auxiliary consumption and added resistance in waves that were not taken into account. To conclude, a case study is performed on a 2200 TEU container ship equipped with an 800m² kite on a transatlantic route between Halifax and Le Havre. Round trip simulations, performed over 5 years of navigation, show that the total economy predicted is of around 12% at a speed of 16 knots and around 6.5% at a speed of 19 knots.

Vehicle attribute trade-offs to meet the 2025 CAFE fuel economy target

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 154-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Luk ◽  
Bradley A. Saville ◽  
Heather L. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Evaluation of Power Indicators of the Automobile Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.3) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder Abed Dhahad ◽  
Wissam Hameed Alawee ◽  
Andrii Marchenko ◽  
Dmytro Klets ◽  
Oleg Akimov
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Automobile Engine ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analytical Expressions ◽  
Engine Power

A method for estimating the power characteristics of the car engine in various driving regimes is proposed. It is determined that the volume of the free power (engine power reserve) allows the driver to implement the turning parameters and the time of its completion, which are set by the steering parameters, position and the speed of the steering wheels rotation. The engine power reserve is necessary to provide the required maneuverability indicators. The engine power during maneuvering is spent on overcoming the resistance to movement and on providing the impact controlled by the maneuver. The first component of the engine power can be called connected, and the second one can be called the free one or a controlled component. The received analytical expressions allow carrying out at the design stage a rational choice of capacity of the engine by the condition of maintenance of demanded properties of maneuverability. The developed method for constructing the refined acceleration characteristics of the engine makes it possible to determine the dynamic capabilities of the car, taking into account its design features and operating conditions. 

The Differential Impact of New Product Development “Make/Buy” Choices on Immediate and Future Product Quality: Insights from the Automobile Industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik Kalaignanam ◽  
Tarun Kushwaha ◽  
Tracey A. Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
New Product ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of new product development (NPD) “make/buy” choices on product quality using data from the automobile industry. Although the business press has lamented that NPD outsourcing compromises product quality, there is no systematic evidence to support or refute this assertion. Against this backdrop, this study tests a contingency model of the impact of NPD make/buy decisions on immediate and future product quality. The hypotheses are tested using data on NPD make/buy choices of 173 models of 12 automobile firms in the United States between 2007 and 2014. The authors find that whereas NPD buy has a more positive impact on immediate product quality, NPD make has a more positive impact on future product quality. Furthermore, the immediate product quality impact of NPD buy is stronger when (1) technologies are more complex and (2) firm NPD capability is higher. In contrast, the future product quality impact of NPD make is stronger when (1) there is postlaunch adverse feedback and (2) firm NPD capability is higher. The study highlights the complex trade-offs associated with NPD make/buy decisions and offers valuable insights on how firms could manage these decisions.

scholarly journals Improving Fuel Economy of Spark Ignition Engines Applying the Combined Method of Power Regulation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurii Gutarevych ◽  
Vasyl Mateichyk ◽  
Jonas Matijošius ◽  
Alfredas Rimkus ◽  
Igor Gritsuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Power Regulation ◽  
Engine Power

One of the disadvantages of spark ignition engines, whose power is regulated by throttling, is the increased fuel consumption at low loads and when the engine is idle. The combined method of engine power regulation by switching off the cylinder group and throttling working cylinders is one of the effective ways to improve fuel economy in the above-mentioned modes. This article presents the research results of the combined method of engine power regulation which can be realized by minor structural changes in operating conditions. The method implies the following: at low loads and at idle speed of the engine. Fuel supply to the group of cylinders is switched off with the simultaneous increase of the cyclic fuel supply in the working cylinders. The adequacy of the calculated results has been checked by the indication of operating processes in switched off and working cylinders. The research results of a six-cylinder spark ignition engine with the distributed gasoline injection using the combined power regulation system have been shown. The angles of opening the throttle which provides a non-shock transition from the operation with all cylinders to the operation with the cylinder group switched off have been determined.

Constant Power Continuously Variable Transmission (CP-CVT): Operating Principle and Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Cretu ◽  
R. P. Glovnea
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Rotation Axis ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmission ◽  
Constant Power ◽  
Traction Drive ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Output Torque ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Toroidal Traction

The paper is the first of a series of papers that present an original constant power continuously variable transmission (CP-CVT) traction drive. This paper presents the basic functional principle and demonstrates the device’s characteristics of constant power. The device belongs to the well-known toroidal traction drive family. It comprises of two input discs, one conical and the other toroidal, a conical output disc, and a number of spherical balls. The rotation axis of each ball is self-adjusted according to its geometrical position relative to the input and output discs. A variation of the output torque makes the balls change their position relative to the discs and thus causes a change of the transmission ratio. The kinematics and dynamics of the balls are first performed and then the formulas that relate the power transmitted to the kinematics and geometric parameters are deducted. Finally it is concluded that the CP-CVT presented offers good functional steady power characteristics that could fit the automobile industry requirements.

scholarly journals THE METHOD OF TWO-PHASE MIXTURE FORMATION IN THE AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL ENGINE AND THE DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.D. Dubin ◽  
◽  
М.V. Ryblov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Power Capacity ◽  
Mixture Formation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Phase Mixture ◽  
Ecological Parameters ◽  
Engine Power

The article offers the method of improving of the automotive diesel engine power capacity, fuel economy and ecological parameters by two-phase mixture formation. In this way, the first phase is performed by means of the fuel activator supply (dose 10-20 %) into the intake manifold. The second phase is performed by means of the main fuel dose by the standard fuel system. The design of the developed system for the implementation of the first phase of two-phase mixture formation is described.

scholarly journals The influence of the tire inflation on pull properties of agriculture tractors

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1733-1739
Author(s):  
Jakub Katrenčík ◽  
František Bauer ◽  
Petr Dostál
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Field Measurement ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Multiple Methods ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Wheel Slip ◽  
Agricultural Tractors ◽  
Engine Power

Agricultural tractors are robust and versatile machines, which must comply with the basic requirements of users under various conditions. The main requirements include economical and reliable operation and high performance. Fuel economy could be improved using multiple methods, for example a well trained operator, adequate farming conditions and optimal tire inflation. Tractor tires transmit engine power to the surface and as such they are crucial to tractor operation. In the first part of the field measurement, all tires were inflated to 180kPa, while in the second part of the field measurements the tire pressure was set to 75kPa in front tires and to 65 kPa in rear tires. The results of the field measurement of the John Deere 6920S tractor with different tire inflation shows that pull performance increased by 9.9% and wheel slip decreased by 9.7%.

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