When tax incentives drive illicit behavior: The manipulation of fuel economy in the automobile industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 102367
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Tax Incentives

Wear and Corrosion Characteristics of the Layers Type (Mn-P) Formed on Aluminium Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Waldemar Serbiński ◽  
Tadeusz Wierzchoń
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Wear And Corrosion ◽  
Chemical And Phase Compositions ◽  
Wear And Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Surface Consolidation

Aluminium alloys are the materials of choice when high-strenght-to-weight rations are required in structural components, and used widely in the automotive and aerospace industries. As an example, the use of an aluminium components in the automobile industry has greatly increased due to weight savings and resultant fuel economy improvements. There are many methods of surface consolidation of an aluminium alloys. This work presents the hybrid creation method of the newly layers type (Mn-P) on the AlSi13Mg1CuNi alloy, its microstructure, hardness, chemical and phase compositions as well as wear and corrosion resistance. Growth the wear resistance of an aluminium alloy coated with the layer type (Mn-P) is visable. The corrosion characteristics of these layers are also considered.

The Active Safety of the Automobile in the Future

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huyao Wu
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Physical System ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Active Safety ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Closed Loop System ◽  
The Status

The automobile industry has come a long way since the day of invention. The automobile is undergoing the complex and profound changes. The main themes are focused on fuel economy, environment protection, safety, comfort, and intelligentization. From both the status and tendency [1], several main problems of active safety will be presented in this paper, including the cyber physical system, dynamics control and the closed-loop system consisting of driver-vehicle-infrastructure (DVI).

scholarly journals Automobiles on Steroids: Product Attribute Trade-Offs and Technological Progress in the Automobile Sector

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 3368-3399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R Knittel
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Product Attribute ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Engine Power

This paper estimates the technological progress that has occurred since 1980 in the automobile industry and the trade-offs faced when choosing between fuel economy, weight, and engine power characteristics. The results suggest that if weight, horsepower, and torque were held at their 1980 levels, fuel economy could have increased by nearly 60 percent from 1980 to 2006. Once technological progress is considered, meeting the CAFE standards adopted in 2007 will require halting the trend in weight and engine power characteristics, but little more. In contrast, the standards recently announced by the new administration, while attainable, require nontrivial "downsizing.” JEL: L50, L60

scholarly journals Emission Reduction Effect and Mechanism of Auto-Purchase Tax Preference

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kai Lisa Lo ◽  
Yaqi Fan ◽  
Congzhi Zhang ◽  
Jackson Jinhong Mi
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Tax Preference ◽  
Consumption Structure ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Reduction Effect

As a modern means of transportation, the automobile plays an important role in people’s travel. However, the environmental and energy problems brought by the automobile industry cannot be ignored. Based on unique Chinese urban and new car registration data, this paper empirically analyzes the emission reduction effect of car purchase tax incentives, its spatial heterogeneity, and impact on car consumption structure using difference-in-difference model, regression discontinuity design model, and other methods. We find that the tax incentives can effectively suppress the emission of urban pollutants. The quantile regression shows that the emission reduction effect of the tax incentives shows a dynamic change characteristic of weakening as the pollution level in cities increases. In addition, tax incentives for the purchase of low-energy consumption vehicles increase the market share of small-emission vehicles and change the consumption structure.

The Role of the Government in Development of the Electric Vehicle Industry of China

China Report ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 000944552110316
Author(s):  
Qiuyi Wang ◽  
Jai S. Mah
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

As one of the technology-intensive industries, the electric vehicle (EV) industry has attracted the attention of the Chinese government. It has provided various incentives for the purchase of EVs, including tax incentives, policy loans at preferential interest rates and the establishment of charging facilities. EV production technology developed rapidly and sales of EVs increased significantly during the 2010s. The role of the government seems to have been of vital importance to the rapid development of the EV industry in China. To improve this further, it would be helpful for the government to efficiently coordinate various policy measures benefitting the EV industry and create a more suitable social environment for consumers to use EVs. The government should also carefully consider how to improve the applicability of EVs in different regional surroundings. In addition, efficient collaboration between the electronics industry and the automobile industry would be critical.

scholarly journals Oil Additive Testing Equipment

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armands Leitāns ◽  
Guntis Spriņģis ◽  
Jānis Rudzītis
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Mutual Friction ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Experimental Facility ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Oil Additives ◽  
Harmful Emissions

Automobile industry annually is to reduce harmful emissions into the environment. Anti-friction oil additives in automotive internal combustion engines is one way fight against friction losses which result from fuel economy, which in turn reduces the amount of harmful emissions vehicle exhaust. Assessment of the effectiveness of oil additives need to tribologycal properties for further analysis. For the purpose of this research is carried out in a variety of major friction equipment design studies, evaluating their properties and create an experimental facility with the assistance possible to evaluate changes in oil additives on friction over the existing components and their mutual friction.

scholarly journals European fuel economy policy for new passenger cars: a historical comparative analysis of discourses and change factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Oki
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Argumentative Discourse ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Economy Policy

Abstract In April 2019, the European Union (EU) revised its fuel economy policy for new passenger cars (PC). The new standard set an ambitious policy framework that featured high CO2 caps on these vehicles from 2025 and 2030 with limited flexibility for automobile industry to comply with the new standard, reflecting European decision-makers’ aspirations for zero-emission mobility. Most literature on EU policy-making and interest representation has pointed out the power of automobile industry and argued that these industry actors were able to influence the stringency of actual emission standards in the timeframe of 2012 and 2020. However, this conventional view of the dominance of automobile industry does not sufficiently explain why European policy-makers were able to change their fuel economy policy so significantly in 2019. To fill this research gap in the existing literature, this research focuses on discourses and coalitions of actors who deployed these discourses throughout three legislative processes that have shaped the EU’s fuel economy policy: Regulation 443/2009, Regulation 2014/333 and Regulation 2019/613. This research not only considers the interests and powers of relevant actors, which are the primary focus of much of the existing literature; but also a range of ideas and discourses that they have brought to policy discussions. Drawing on the theoretical literature of argumentative discourse analysis (ADA) and policy change, this article attempts to highlight discursive battles within key actors over the stringency of EU’s fuel economy policy on PCs.

Modeling and Simulation Research on the Effect of Driving Skills on Vehicle Fuel Efficiency

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1167-1173
Author(s):  
Cheng Zeng ◽  
Dong Bo Yang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Feng Tian Cai
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Simulation Research ◽  
Driving Skills ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Vehicle Fuel Efficiency

The research and application of eco-driving has the important practical significance for the energy conservation and emission reduction of automobile industry. In this paper, a simulation model has been set up based on GT-Suite and mathematical models of driving operations to simulate three typical driving operations. The results show that the acceleration speed plays important role in the acceleration operation. As the acceleration speed increases, fuel economy significantly deteriorates. In the transmission operation, the engine should not be operated in the high speed region. Otherwise, the fuel economy would deteriorate. In the cruise operation, the gear should be selected to matching the speed. High-gear low speed operation will cause safety problems, while low-gear high-speed operation will cause significantly deterioration of fuel economy.

scholarly journals Integrating Gear Shifting Preference into Personalized Shift-Scheduling Calibration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2986
Author(s):  
Xin He ◽  
Mingming Lin ◽  
Li Xu
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Manual Transmission ◽  
Shift Scheduling ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Shift Schedules ◽  
Automated Manual Transmission ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Individual

Shift-scheduling calibration of automatic transmission (AT) vehicles is vital for both driving experience and automobile industry. Shifting schedules are usually calibrated with the consideration of fuel economy and drivability while neglecting the individual driving preference. In this work, we propose to exemplify the individual shifting preference by integrating the manual transmission (MT) shifting habit into the AT shift-scheduling calibration, where the habit is reflected as the shifting points and is available in most automated manual transmission (AMT) vehicles. The automated calibration of AT shifting schedules is directed by using the particle swarm optimization (PSO), during the virtual automobile cycle test, i.e., FTP-72. Candidate shifting-schedules are generated in the overlapped zone of MT shifting points and the space around the base map, and are evaluated on both shifting quality and fuel economy. Through iterations, the generated candidate shift schedules are tested and assessed until the overall performance reach the optimum. Experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method, which retains the shifting preferences as well as enhances the performance index by about 5%, 4%, and 2% for the drivers with aggressive, moderate, and mild styles, respectively.

Effects of cooling rate on the mechanical properties of dual phase treated vanadium steels

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
L.J. Chen ◽  
H.C. Cheng ◽  
J.R. Gong ◽  
J.G. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Resource Requirement ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Potential Weight

For fuel savings as well as energy and resource requirement, high strength low alloy steels (HSLA) are of particular interest to automobile industry because of the potential weight reduction which can be achieved by using thinner section of these steels to carry the same load and thus to improve the fuel mileage. Dual phase treatment has been utilized to obtain superior strength and ductility combinations compared to the HSLA of identical composition. Recently, cooling rate following heat treatment was found to be important to the tensile properties of the dual phase steels. In this paper, we report the results of the investigation of cooling rate on the microstructures and mechanical properties of several vanadium HSLA steels.The steels with composition (in weight percent) listed below were supplied by China Steel Corporation: 1. low V steel (0.11C, 0.65Si, 1.63Mn, 0.015P, 0.008S, 0.084Aℓ, 0.004V), 2. 0.059V steel (0.13C, 0.62S1, 1.59Mn, 0.012P, 0.008S, 0.065Aℓ, 0.059V), 3. 0.10V steel (0.11C, 0.58Si, 1.58Mn, 0.017P, 0.008S, 0.068Aℓ, 0.10V).

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