Service Delivery and Corruption in Public Services: How Does History Matter?

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Education Outcomes ◽  
Northern India ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Matter ◽  
Dominant Classes ◽  
The Impact

This paper provides microlevel evidence of how past institutions impact present economic outcomes. It looks at the impact of colonial land tenure institutions on local governance and education outcomes in northern India. Outcomes are worse in villages that belong to areas with a history of concentration of power with the elites. Such areas continue to retain a greater political presence of socially and economically dominant classes. Future research should examine the success of policies that attempt to break such persistence through empowerment of nonelite groups. (JEL D02, H70, I20, N35, N45, O15, O18)

373 Historical Use of Substances for Insomnia Impacts Current Beliefs about Hypnotic Medications

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A148-A149
Author(s):  
Jessica Dietch ◽  
Norah Simpson ◽  
Joshua Tutek ◽  
Isabelle Tully ◽  
Elizabeth Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Medication ◽  
Stepped Care ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prescription Medications ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Beliefs About Medications ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between current beliefs about hypnotic medications and historical use of prescription hypnotic medications or non-prescription substances for sleep (i.e., over the counter [OTC] medications, alcohol, and cannabis). Methods Participants were 142 middle age and older adults with insomnia (M age = 62.9 [SD = 8.1]; 71.1% female) enrolled in the RCT of the Effectiveness of Stepped-Care Sleep Therapy In General Practice (RESTING) study. Participants reported on history of substances they have tried for insomnia and completed the Beliefs about Medications Questionnaire-Specific with two subscales assessing beliefs about 1) the necessity for hypnotics, and 2) concerns about potential adverse consequences of hypnotics. Participants were grouped based on whether they had used no substances for sleep (No Subs, 11.6%), only prescription medications (Rx Only, 9.5%), only non-prescription substances (NonRx Only, 26.6%), or both prescription and non-prescription substances (Both, 52.3%). Results Sixty-one percent of the sample had used prescription medication for sleep and 79% had used non-prescription substances (74% OTC medication, 23% alcohol, 34% cannabis). The greater number of historical substances endorsed, the stronger the beliefs about necessity of hypnotics, F(1,140)=23.3, p<.001, but not about concerns. Substance groups differed significantly on necessity beliefs, F(3,1)=10.68, p<.001; post-hocs revealed the Both group had stronger beliefs than the No and NonRx Only groups. Substance groups also differed significantly on the concerns subscale, F(3,1)=6.68, p<.001; post-hocs revealed the NonRx Only group had stronger harm beliefs than the other three groups. Conclusion The majority of the sample had used both prescription and non-prescription substances to treat insomnia. Historical use of substances for treating insomnia was associated with current beliefs about hypnotics. Individuals who had used both prescription and non-prescription substances for sleep in the past had stronger beliefs about needing hypnotics to sleep at present, which may reflect a pattern of multiple treatment failures. Individuals who had only tried non-prescription substances for sleep may have specifically sought alternative substances due to concerns about using hypnotics. Future research should seek to understand the impact of treatment history on engagement in and benefit from non-medication-based treatment for insomnia. Support (if any) 1R01AG057500; 2T32MH019938-26A1

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Ethnic Stacking: Military Defection during Uprisings in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Morency-Laflamme ◽  
Theodore McLauchlin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Group Loyalty ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Does ethnic stacking in the armed forces help prevent military defection? Recent research, particularly in Africa and the Middle East, suggests so; by favoring in-groups, regimes can keep in-group soldiers loyal. In-group loyalty comes at the cost of antagonizing members of out-groups, but many regimes gladly run that risk. In this research note, we provide the first large-scale evidence on the impact of ethnic stacking on the incidence of military defection during uprisings from below, using data on fifty-seven popular uprisings in Africa since formal independence. We find clear evidence for the downside: ethnic stacking is associated with more frequent defection if out-group members are still dominant in the armed forces. We find more limited support for the hypothesized payoff. Ethnic stacking may reduce the risk of defection, but only in regimes without a recent history of coup attempts. Future research should therefore trace the solidification of ethnic stacking over time.

Winning and Losing in Federal Sector Dispute Resolution

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Federal Sector ◽  
Final Offer ◽  
Labor Agreement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

This paper examines the binding decisions of the Federal Service Impasses Panel. (Panel) The Panel has the authority to mediate and ultimately decide the terms of a labor agreement should the federal agencies and labor unions be unable to do so bilaterally. This paper presents descriptive data on who wins and who loses with the Federal Service Impasses Panel. Background information on the history of dispute resolution machinery in the federal government is outlined. The data was collected from a content analysis of 307 of 311 binding cases decided by the Panel from 1/79 through 7/87. The paper chronicles the types of procedures used by the Panel, the nature of issues at impasse and who wins. Also, the number and types of arguments used by the parties in support of their respective positions with the Panel are examined. A number of conclusions are drawn from the analysis. (1) The Panel uses a number of different types of dispute machinery including conventional and final offer procedures. (2) Management won almost sixty percent of all issues brought before the Panel (3) Labor and management tend to use a variety of different arguments to support their positions. (4) Neither labor nor management appeared very interested in the impact of their proposals on the general public. Future research may wish to investigate the specific reasons for management success.

Genealogy and Governmentality

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Biebricher
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Historical Contingency ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
History Of ◽  
Governmentality Studies ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe essay aims at an assessment of whether and to what extent the history of governmentality can be considered to be a genealogy. To this effect a generic account of core tenets of Foucauldian genealogy is developed. The three core tenets highlighted are (1) a radically contingent view of history that is (2) expressed in a distinct style and (3) highlights the impact of power on this history. After a brief discussion of the concept of governmentality and a descriptive summary of its history, this generic account is used as a measuring device to be applied to the history of governmentality. While both, the concept of governmentality and also its history retain certain links to genealogical precepts, my overall conclusion is that particularly the history of governmentality (and not necessarily Foucault's more programmatic statements about it) departs from these precepts in significant ways. Not only is there a notable difference in style that cannot be accounted for entirely by the fact that this history is produced in the medium of lectures. Aside from a rather abstract consideration of the importance of societal struggles, revolts and other forms of resistance, there is also little reference to the role of these phenomena in the concrete dynamics of governmental shifts that are depicted in the historical narrative. Finally, in contrast to the historical contingency espoused by genealogy and the programmatic statements about governmentality, the actual history of the latter can be plausibly, albeit unsympathetically, read in a rather teleological fashion according to which the transformations of governmentality amount to the unfolding of an initially implicit notion of governing that is subsequently realised in ever more consistent ways. In the final section of the essay I turn towards the field of governmentality studies, arguing that some of the more problematic tendencies in this research tradition can be traced back to Foucault's own account. In particular, the monolithic conceptualisation of governmentality and the implicit presentism of an excessive focus on Neoliberalism found in many of the studies in governmentality can be linked back to problems in Foucault's own history of governmenality. The paper concludes with suggestions for a future research agenda for the governmentality studies that point beyond Foucault's own account and its respective limitations.

scholarly journals Twinning arrangements and service delivery in Zimbabwe’s local authorities: The case of Bulawayo City Council (Zimbabwe) and eThekwini Municipality (South Africa)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alouis Chilunjika ◽  
Sharon RT Chilunjika
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
City Council ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Developing Cities ◽  
The Impact

The Zimbabwean local government environment has been affected by chronic defects in the provision of basic public services. As such, city twinning has been adopted as one of the strategies to address the impasse in service delivery as it allows for the sharing of expertise in local governance, development, strategic international relations and the enhancement of service delivery in local authorities. Using the exploratory case study research design the study explores the impact the twinning arrangement between Bulawayo City Council (BCC) and eThekwini Municipality and how it has enhanced service delivery in Bulawayo. Data was gathered from written documents, observations and in-depth interviews. The study established that the BCC-eThekwini cooperation has been very fruitful and Bulawayo City Council has benefited immensely through the exchange of ideas and information as well as technology transfer among others from this twinning arrangement. Nonetheless, it was also observed that weak legal and financial frameworks hinders the city twinning partnership from realising its full fruition. The study concluded that city twinning between BCC and eThekwini is a favourable route for creating sustainable South to South linkages that benefit developing cities. As recommendations, the article argues that there is need for clarity in defining the partnership roles and goals, community involvement as well as an enabling policy and institutional environment.

The Impact of Changing Norms on Creativity in Psychological Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wai ◽  
Diane F. Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scientific Advance ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Impact

The open science or credibility revolution has divided psychologists on whether and how the “policy” change of preregistration and similar requirements will affect the quality and creativity of future research. We provide a brief history of how norms have rapidly changed and how news and social media are beginning to “disrupt” academic science. We note a variety of benefits, including more confidence in research findings, but there are possible costs as well, including a reduction in the number of studies conducted because of an increased workload required by new policies. We begin to craft a study to evaluate the short- and long-term impacts of these changing norms on creativity in psychological science, run into some possible roadblocks, and hope others will build on this idea. This policy change can be evaluated in the short term but will ultimately need to be evaluated decades from now. Long-term evaluations are rare, yet this is the ultimate measure of creative scientific advance. Our conclusion supports the goals and procedures for creating a more open science.

Irritability, disruptive mood, and ADHD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Mulraney ◽  
Argyris Stringaris ◽  
Eric Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mood Dysregulation

The chapter ‘Irritability, disruptive mood, and ADHD’ provides an overview of what is known about irritability and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) in children with ADHD. It provides practical guidance for the assessment and management of severe irritability in children with ADHD. The chapter begins by discussing the importance of irritability as a construct, the history of DMDD, and how to measure irritability. It then reviews the literature regarding irritability and mood dysregulation in ADHD and discusses reasons for the overlap between irritability and ADHD. The chapter also reviews what is known about the impact of treatments on irritability in children with ADHD before concluding with suggestions for future research.

Workforce Development Policy: Unrealized Potential for Americans with Disabilities

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
P. Golden Thomas ◽  
M. Bruyère Susanne ◽  
Karpur Arun ◽  
Nazarov Zafar ◽  
Vanlooy Sara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Workforce Investment Act ◽  
Rehabilitation Act Of 1973 ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Individuals with disabilities have lower rates of workforce participation and lower earnings than their nondisabled peers. This article traces the history of the U.S. workforce development policy framework, including the Workforce Investment Act of 1998; the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended; and the impact of the Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999 on both of these policies. Reviewing literature and administrative data, we discuss how these policies have impacted current rehabilitation practice and identify remaining service delivery gaps. We conclude with a set of recommendations for enhancing the current workforce development policy and practice environment.

scholarly journals How COVID changed surgical acute inflammatory diseases and surgeons clinical practice during the first wave of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Guadalajara ◽  
Jose Luis Muñoz de Nova ◽  
Saul Fernandez Gonzalez ◽  
Marina Yiasemidou ◽  
Maria Recarte Rico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Surgical Services ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundAnecdotal evidence suggests that community infection control measures during the COVID-19 outbreak have modified the number and natural history of acute surgical inflammatory processes (ASIP - appendicitis, cholecystitis, diverticulitis and perianal abscesses) admissions. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the presentation and treatment ASIP and quantify the effect of COVID-19 infection on the outcomes of ASIP patients. MethodsThis was a multicentre, comparative study, whereby ASIP cases from March 14th to May 2nd 2019 acted as historical controls for the cohort of patients with the same pathology during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data regarding patient and disease characteristics as well as outcomes, were collected from sixteen centres in Madrid, and one in Seville (Spain).ResultsThe number of patients treated for ASIP in 2019 was 822 compared to 521 in 2020. This reduction occurs mainly in patients with mild cases, while the number of severe cases was similar. ConclusionsThe number of ASIP cases treated during the pandemic was reduced by more than one third mainly due to a dramatic reduction in mild cases. This also has represented a selection of severe cases. We also found a more conservative approach to the patients this year, non-justified by clinical circumstances.The positive COVID-19 status itself did not have a direct impact on either morbidity or mortality. This is an interesting finding which if confirmed through future research with a larger sample size of COVID-19 positive patients, can expedite the recovery phase of acute surgical services.

scholarly journals Drivers of Efficient Service Delivery and Caller Satisfaction: A Model of CRM Customer Contact Centres in Malaysia

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyu Olayemi Abdullateef ◽  
Sany Sanuri Mohd. Mokhtar ◽  
Rushami Zien Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Customer Contact ◽  
Technology Process ◽  
Client Factors ◽  
Suggested Keywords ◽  
Contact Centre ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pilot Interview

The benefits of CRM projects on business development has been a subject of discussion globally since 1990s. Evidence from different literature had equally established that there has been an increase in the attention paid to CRM by researchers, but to date, not much attempt has been made to develop a valid framework upon which the impact of CRM projects on the drivers of efficient service delivery and caller satisfaction in customer contact centre industry. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for measuring the drivers of efficient service delivery and caller satisfaction in customer contact centre. Given the need for more information that will assist in developing a viable theoretical framework for investigating service delivery in CRM contact centres, an exploratory pilot interview was conducted in four internationally recognised CRM customer contact centres that are based in Malaysia. The current results revealed a total of four major drivers of efficient service delivery (client factors, technology, process, and people), plus first call resolution as the determinant of caller satisfaction. Necessary recommendations as a guide for future research are also suggested.   Keywords: Customer relationship management (CRM); service delivery; caller satisfaction; contact centre.

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