scholarly journals The Value of Reference Letters: Experimental Evidence from South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-71
Author(s):  
Martin Abel ◽  
Rulof Burger ◽  
Patrizio Piraino
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Information Frictions ◽  
Job Interviews ◽  
Applicant Screening ◽  
And Gender

We show that reference letters from former employers alleviate information frictions in a low-skill labor market, improving applicant screening and gender equity. A resume audit study finds that using a reference letter in the application increases callbacks by 60 percent. Women drive the effect. Letters are effective because they provide valuable information about workers’ skills that employers use to select applicants of higher ability. A second experiment, which encourages job seekers to obtain and use a reference letter, finds consistent results. In particular, reference letters raise job interviews and employment for women. (JEL D83, J16, J24, J64, O12)

Screening and Signaling Non-Cognitive Skills: Experimental Evidence from Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Bassi ◽  
Aisha Nansamba
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Assortative Matching ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Job Interviews ◽  
Credible Information

Abstract We study how employers and job-seekers respond to credible information on skills that are difficult to observe, and how this affects matching in the labor market. We experimentally vary whether certificates on workers’ non-cognitive skills are disclosed to both sides of the market during job interviews between young workers and small firms in Uganda. The certificates cause workers to increase their labor market expectations, while high-ability managers revise their assessments of the workers’ skills upwards. The reaction in terms of beliefs leads to an increase in positive assortative matching and to higher earnings for workers, conditional on employment.

Indirect Taxation and Gender Equity: Evidence from South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Maria Casale
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Indirect Taxation ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Objectives of Sustainable Development and Youth Employment in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Cristian Castillo ◽  
Julimar Da Silva ◽  
Sandro Monsueto
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
And Gender

The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to raise quality employment, gender equity in access to employment and increase coverage in education. However, in Colombia, high unemployment rates and the informality of young people are risks of achieving these goals. The purpose of this research is to estimate the determinants of youth unemployment and its relationship with SDGs Objective 8, and linking it to the objectives of quality education and gender equity. Using the microdata of the Colombian household survey, DANE, this relationship is estimated with a methodology of age, period, and cohort, through a Probit/Logit Multinomial model. As a novel result for the Colombian case, it is shown that, although new generations of young people are more educated, education per se is not enough to guarantee them a quality insertion into the labor market, penalizing, above all, young women. Lack of work experience and segmentation of the labor market would help explain this outcome. Employment policies, therefore, to achieve the SDGs must not only invest in education, but also expand dual education programs, considering gender.

scholarly journals Process evaluation of the Intervention with Microfinance for AIDS and Gender Equity (IMAGE) in rural South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hargreaves ◽  
A. Hatcher ◽  
V. Strange ◽  
G. Phetla ◽  
J. Busza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Rural South ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Rural South Africa

scholarly journals Intervention with Microfinance for AIDS and Gender Equity (IMAGE): Women’s Engagement with the Scaled-up IMAGE Programme and Experience of Intimate Partner Violence in Rural South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-281
Author(s):  
L Knight ◽  
M Ranganathan ◽  
T Abramsky ◽  
T Polzer-Ngwato ◽  
L Muvhango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Partner Relationships ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe Intervention with Microfinance for AIDS and Gender Equity (IMAGE) programme has been scaled up to three provinces in South Africa. This paper explores associations between women’s engagement in the intervention, intimate partner violence (IPV) and factors associated with IPV and partner abuse. We enrolled women receiving group-based microfinance loans plus gender training into the scaled-up IMAGE cohort study (n = 860). We present cross-sectional analysis on participants’ characteristics and intervention engagement and use multivariate logistic regression to explore associations. 17% of women reported lifetime (95% CI 15 to 20%) and 7% past year (95% CI 5 to 9%) IPV, 9% past-year economic (95% CI 7 to 11%) and 11% past-year emotional (95% CI 9 to 14%) abuse. Women under 35 years had higher levels of IPV and emotional abuse. 53% of women attended all the trainings, 83% continuously borrowed and 98% agreed the training had a major impact on their life. Attendance was associated with improved partner relationships (χ2p < 0.001), but not lower IPV risk. Odds of past-year IPV decreased the more types of support (e.g. advice) women received from group members (aOR 0.27, p < 0.001 among those reporting all support versus none or some). A similar pattern was seen for economic, but not emotional, abuse. The scaled-up IMAGE intervention is widely acceptable and may support improvements in partner relationships, but younger women need to be targeted. Group support appears to be a potentially important component of the intervention.

Congruence Between Leadership Gender and Organizational Claims Affects the Gender Composition of the Applicant Pool: Field Experimental Evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel Abraham ◽  
Vanessa Burbano
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Organization Level ◽  
General Preference ◽  
Identical Jobs

The extent to which men and women sort into different jobs and organizations—namely, gender differences in supply-side labor market processes—is a key determinant of workplace gender composition. This study draws on theories of congruence to uncover a unique organization-level driver of gender differences in job seekers’ behavior. We first argue and show that congruence between leadership gender and organizational claims is a key mechanism that drives job seekers’ interest. Specifically, many organizational claims are gender-typed, such that social claims activate the female stereotype, whereas business claims activate the male stereotype. Thus, whereas female-led organizations making social claims are gender-congruent, male-led firms making the same claims are gender-incongruent. Beyond demonstrating a general preference among job seekers for congruence, we also find that female job seekers are most interested in working for organizations that are simultaneously congruent and provide credible signals that they are fair and equitable employers. The congruence of leadership gender and organizational claims thus affects the gender composition of applicant pools for otherwise identical jobs.

Feminist Perspective in Shashi Deshpande's “That Long Silence”

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahashan ◽  
Dr. Sapna Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Simone De Beauvoir ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Key Aspects

Man has always tried  to determine  and tamper the image of woman and especially her identity is manipulated and orchestrated. Whenever a woman is spoken of, it is always in the relation to man; she is presented as a wife , mother, daughter and even as a lover but never as a woman  a human being- a separate entity. Her entire life is idealized and her fundamental rights and especially her behaviour is engineered by the adherents of patriarchal society. Commenting  on the Man-woman relationship in a marital bond Simone de Beauvoir wrote in her epoch-making book entitled The Second Sex(1949): "It has been said that marriage diminishes man,  which is often true , but almost always it annihilates women". Feminist movement advocates the equal rights and equal opportunities for women. The true spirit of feminism is into look at women and men as human beings. There should not be gender bias or discrimination in familial and social life. To secure gender justice and gender equity is the key aspects of feminist movement. In India, women writers have come forward to voice their feminist approach to life and the patriarchal family set up. They believe that the very notion of gender is not only biotic and biologic episode but it has a social construction.

THE SINS OF THE FATHER: GENDER- BASED VIOLENCE IN POST-APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Snodgrass
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Black Women ◽  
South African ◽  
African Women ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
South African Women

This article explores the complexities of gender-based violence in post-apartheid South Africa and interrogates the socio-political issues at the intersection of class, ‘race’ and gender, which impact South African women. Gender equality is up against a powerful enemy in societies with strong patriarchal traditions such as South Africa, where women of all ‘races’ and cultures have been oppressed, exploited and kept in positions of subservience for generations. In South Africa, where sexism and racism intersect, black women as a group have suffered the major brunt of this discrimination and are at the receiving end of extreme violence. South Africa’s gender-based violence is fuelled historically by the ideologies of apartheid (racism) and patriarchy (sexism), which are symbiotically premised on systemic humiliation that devalues and debases whole groups of people and renders them inferior. It is further argued that the current neo-patriarchal backlash in South Africa foments and sustains the subjugation of women and casts them as both victims and perpetuators of pervasive patriarchal values.

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