Label X Muscle : Do They Work? Is It Worth the Money? (Legit or Scam) v1

Black Label X is a male health supplement that has been formulated with scientifically researched ingredients. It is marketed as an incredible testosterone booster that empowers men to perform better and positively impacts the sex life of men.

Researching women and men 1996–2020: Is androcentrism still dominant?

This article assesses the balance of research concerning women and men over the past quarter century using the crude heuristic of counting Scopus-indexed journal articles relating to women or men, as suggested by their titles or abstracts. A manual checking procedure together with a word-based heuristic was used to identify whether an article related to women or men. The heuristic includes both explicit mentions of women and men, implicit mentions, and a set of gender-focused health issues and medical terminology. Based on the results, more published articles now relate to women than to men. Moreover, more than twice as many articles relate exclusively to women than exclusively to men, with the ratio increasing from 2.16 to 1 in 1996 to 2.25 to 1 in 2020. Monogender articles mostly addressed primarily female health issues (maternity, breast cancer, cervical cancer) with fewer about primarily male health issues (testicular cancer, pancreatic cancer, health needs of men who have sex with men). Some articles also explicitly addressed gender inequality, such as empowering women entrepreneurs. The findings suggests that the androcentrism of early science has eroded in terms of research topics. This apparent progress should be encouraging for women researchers and society. Peer Review https://publons.com/publon/10.1162/qss_a_00173

Are Politicians More Responsive Towards Men’s or Women’s Service Delivery Requests? A Survey Experiment with Ugandan Politicians

This study examines whether politicians exhibit gender bias in responsiveness to constituents’ requests for public service delivery improvements in Uganda. We leverage an in-person survey experiment conducted with 333 subnational politicians, of which one-third are elected to women’s reserved seats. Politicians hear two constituents request improvements in staff absenteeism in their local school and health clinic and must decide how to allocate a fixed (hypothetical) budget between the two improvements. The voices of the citizens are randomly assigned to be (1) male-school, female-health or (2) female-school, male-health. We find no evidence of gender bias toward men versus women, or toward same-gender constituents. This study expands on the mixed results of prior studies examining gender bias in politician responsiveness (typically over email) by adding a critical new case: a low-income context with women’s reserved seats.

344Impact of a disease surveillance training program on knowledge of health workers in South-western Nigeria

Background Poor knowledge of frontline health workers on integrated disease surveillance and response (IDSR) is a cause of poor surveillance reporting performance in Nigeria. To improve the knowledge of frontline health workers, they are trained annually, together with the surveillance focal persons, on IDSR. This study determined the immediate impact of one of such trainings on IDSR knowledge of the trainees. Methods A quasi experimental study, involving a pre- and post-test questionnaire survey, was conducted among 205 surveillance training participants in Ondo State, Nigeria. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at 5% statistical level of significance. Results Mean age was 39.4 ± 9.1 years, 77.6% were females and 51.7% were clinicians. Although most (89.3%) were aware of IDSR, only 48.3 % and 43.9% had been involved in IDSR implementation and training respectively. Overall, the mean pre-test IDSR knowledge score was 12.43. This increased significantly to 18.63 in the post-test (p < 0.001). Sex (p = 0.003) and previous involvement in IDSR implementation (p = 0.043) were associated with improved knowledge score. Females were significantly more likely to have an improved knowledge score [β = 1.876 (CI: 0.305-3.447)]. Conclusions IDSR trainings has the capacity to improve surveillance knowledge in the short-term with a possible resultant improvement in disease prevention and control in the long-term. Key messages Training on IDSR should be conducted regularly for all health care workers and special attention should be given to male health workers.

Determining the Homophobia Level of Individuals in Different Countries: A Case Study of Community in Turkey, Nigeria, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Nepal

Objective: To determine the homophobia level of ındividuals in different countries. Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among 518 individuals of ages 18 years and above living in Turkey (Agri), Nigeria (Ibadan), Pakistan (Charsadda), India (Punjab), Bangladesh (Chittagong) and Nepal (Kathmandu). Using google form they completed a demographic characteristics form and Hudson and Ricketts Homophobia Scale Results: The homophobia scale total score mean was 92.97 ± 27.47. The total score means the homophobia scale was statistically significantly higher among Nigeria nationality, religious belief Christian, male, health personnel and those who do not have a homosexual acquaintance (p <0.05). A statistically significant relationship was also found between homophobia scale total score mean and age (p <0.05). Conclusion: Nationality, religion, gender, occupation, age and whether or not one has homosexual acquaintances are key demographic correlates of homophobia level. However, the study recommends that further investigation should be conducted with a larger group for a proper inference of causation to be drawn.

New Books in English on Chinese Corporeality

The modern development of China is of great interest to researchers from all over the world. Every year a great number of different monographs on different aspects of this country's history, economy, politics and culture appear. In this analysis of contemporary literature in English we decided to choose several monographs devoted to the issues of corporeality in China. The 20th century proved to be, in a great extent, a decisive period for the development of China. During this period many events took place, but most importantly, China was transformed into something new, becoming a highly developed modern power. These changes also affected the issues of corporeality. A significant role in this was played not only by radical changes in Chinese society, but also by contacts with Western culture and, above all, medicine. In this connection we offer our readers several publications that can be conventionally united by one problem: the transformation of the fundamentals of life. The first monograph by the American anthropologist E. Zhang analyzes the transformation of Chinese attitudes toward male health. Both the Maoist and post-Maoist periods are taken into account. But most importantly, Zhang shows how the changing economic and political model of society is also reflected in Chinese men's attitudes to their health, personal desires and needs. Another monograph discussed in this review is that of American researcher T. Nakajima, devoted to the creation of a modern system of sanitation and hygiene in Shanghai during the Republican period. In this monograph the author shows how the Chinese approach to the public health system was transformed under the influence of external and internal conditions.

Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction According to Chronic Comorbid Health Conditions: a Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) increases along with the burden of chronic diseases. This retrospective study aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of ED according to the levels of chronic comorbidities.Material and Methods. Two hundred twenty-two outpatients referred to the Outpatients Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease of Conversano Hospital (Italy) with ED complaints from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively eligible for this cross-sectional study. The ED severity and comorbidities burden were assessed by the 5-item International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire (IIEF-5) and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). A modified index (mCCI) was developed to integrate other common risk factors for ED and was compared to the original tool. The primary outcome was to assess the prevalence of ED according to the severity of CCI. The secondary outcomes included the correlation between 1) IIEF-5 and total testosterone (TT); 2) CCI and TT; 3) IIEF-5 and CCI. Finally, the performance of the CCI and mCCI were compared.Results. The overall prevalence of ED increased along with the CCI score: 45% (5 on 11) for CCI=0; 95% (19 on 20) for CCI=1; 91% (29 on 32) for CCI=2; 99% (158 on 160) for CCI≥3 (p<.0001) Moreover, IIEF-5 score was directly correlated with TT levels (r=0.67; p<.0001). CCI correlated with both TT levels and IIEF-5 score (r=-0.34 and -0.44; p<.0001, respectively). Finally, a lower IIEF-5 score was significantly and independently associated with higher age and CCI as well as lower TT and SHBG. Compared to the CCI, an equal performance was also found with the mCCI.Discussion. Our results showed that CCI and mCCI are reliable tools to assess the presence and severity of ED among outpatients referred to the endocrine center. However, some limitations should be considered, including the number of participants, which appeared underpowered; the single-center experience; possible underestimation of CCI referred to a diagnostic delay of included comorbidities; arbitrary assignment of burden-points to hypertension dyslipidemia and cigarette smoking.Conclusion. The present study found that CCI, a validated tool to assess the burden of comorbidities, correlates with both the prevalence and severity of ED. This confirms that ED is a reliable proxy of overall male health, but further studies are needed to confirm this potential application.

Gender inequality among medical, pharmaceutical and dental practitioners in French hospitals: Where have we been and where are we now?

Introduction Women are under-represented in senior academic and hospital positions in many countries. The authors aim to assess the place and the evolution of all appointed female and male health practitioners’ working in French public Hospitals. Materials and methods Data of this observational study were collected from the National Management Centre (Centre National de Gestion) from 2015 up to January 1, 2020. First, the authors described demographic characteristics and specialties of all appointed medicine, pharmacy, and dentistry doctors’ working as Hospital Practitioners, Associate Professors, and Full Professors in French General and University-affiliated Hospitals in 2020. Then, they retrospectively reported the annual incidence of new entrance according to gender and professional status from 1999 to 2019 thanks to the appointment date of all practitioners in activity between 2015 and 2020. Results In 2020, 51 401 appointed practitioners (49.7% of female) were in activity in French public hospitals with a large majority being medical doctors (92.4%) compared to pharmacists (6%) and dentists (1.6%). Women represented 52.5% of the Hospital Practitioners, 48.6% of the Associate Professors, and 22.0% of the Full Professors (p < 0.001). There were disparities between the rates of female Full Professors in medicine (20.6%), pharmacy (36.1%), and dentistry (44.3%, p < 0.001). Women were appointed Hospital Practitioners and Associate Professors earlier than men (respectively 37.1 versus 38.8 years, p < 0.001 and 36.1 versus 36.5 years, p = 0.04), and at a later age among Full Professors (43.7 versus 41.9 years, p < 0.001). Compared to men, the annual proportion of appointed women varied significantly between 1999 and 2019 from 47.6% to 60.4% for Hospital Practitioners, from 50.0% to 44.6% for Associate Professors, and from 11.2% to 33.3% for Full Professors (p < 0.001 for trend). Conclusions Although more and more women occupy positions in French hospitals, there is still a gender gap regarding access to Full Professor status in medicine and pharmacy, but not in dentistry. The disparity in numbers makes comparison difficult. Despite a trend towards gender equality during the last twenty years, it has not yet been achieved regarding access to the highest positions.