scholarly journals Pathology of rats intranasally inoculated with the cilia-associated respiratory bacillus

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Matsushita ◽  
H. Joshima
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Round Cell ◽  
Round Cell Infiltration ◽  
Gross Lesions

Five-week-old Wistar/Ms rats were inoculated intranasally with a lung homogenate containing a strain of cilia-associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus and were examined on days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 56 postinoculation (PI). Some rats showed clinical signs with wheezing and considerable body weight loss from day 21 PI. Gross lesions, including enlargement of lungs with focal atelectasis, bronchiectasis and emphysema, were observed from day 21 PI. Histologically, round cell infiltration was first present in the lamina propria of the nasal respiratory mucosa on day 7 PI. From day 14 PI, colonization of the CAR bacillus (4-8 µm in length), associated with round cell infiltration in the lamina propria and the peripheral regions, was observed in the ciliated mucosa of the bronchioles, bronchi, trachea and nasal cavities. Generally, the lesions progressed and expanded from upper to lower airways with time. Sporadic mucopurulent bronchopneumonia was observed from day 21 PI in some rats. The CAR bacilli (0·2-0·25 µm in diameter) were also demonstrated electron-microscopically in the ciliated epithelium of the intrapulmonary airways. The CAR bacillus antigen was demonstrated on the ciliated mucosa of the affected airways by the indirect immunofluorescence assay technique. Microbiological examination revealed that the rats used in this study were free from other known respiratory pathogens throughout the experimental period. Thus, it is suggested that the CAR bacillus alone can produce a murine respiratory disease. Fourteen days were needed for pathological lesions to develop.

Round Cell Infiltration

1949 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Rabson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Round Cell ◽  
Round Cell Infiltration

Diarrhoea and massive duodenal round cell infiltration in a 27-year-old HIV positive female

Gut ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1486-1486
Author(s):  
C. Neufert ◽  
A. Agaimy ◽  
J. Wacker ◽  
H. Neumann ◽  
M. F. Neurath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Round Cell ◽  
Round Cell Infiltration

scholarly journals SWINE INFLUENZA

1931 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Shope
Keyword(s):  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Bronchial Epithelium ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Round Cell ◽  
Pulmonary Atelectasis ◽  
Round Cell Infiltration ◽  
Splenic Tumor ◽  
Intranasal Instillation ◽  
Experimental Disease

Swine influenza has been induced in pigs by the intranasal instillation of material from spontaneous cases of the disease as occurring epizootically in eastern Iowa. The experimental disease has the same features as the epizootic. It has been maintained for study by serial passages accomplished either by intranasal instillation or by pen contact. Eight strains of the virus have been established experimentally during three epizootic periods. The clinical disease induced by these eight strains has been in general the same although its severity and mortality have varied. The principal features of the pathology of swine influenza are an exudative bronchitis accompanied by marked damage of the bronchial epithelium and its cilia, a peribronchial round cell infiltration, and massive pulmonary atelectasis. The latter is modified somewhat by a round cell infiltration of the alveolar walls. The lymph nodes, especially the cervical and mediastinal ones, are hyperplastic and edematous. There is usually a mild to moderate, acute splenic tumor. The mucosa of the stomach and colon is congested. The pneumonia following swine influenza is, characteristically, lobular in type and of the same general distribution as the atelectasis. The non-pneumonic areas of lung are extremely edematous and congested.

scholarly journals STUDIES IN TISSUE SPECIFICITY

1914 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Round Cell ◽  
Adult Chicken ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
Round Cell Infiltration ◽  
The One ◽  
Rat Tumors ◽  
Tissue Capsule

Rat tumors and other tissues of foreign species grow actively in the chick embryo until the onset of a refractory period. Grafts of rat sarcoma established and growing actively at the onset of this period show a rapid cessation of growth between the 18th and 19th days of incubation. This is followed by a widespread degeneration of the rat cells and a marked activity of the connective tissue elements in the embryonal tissue round about. An occasional specimen may show small mononuclear infiltration or rarely accumulations of polymorphonuclear cells in the neighborhood of the strange tissue. During the 20th and 21st days the connective tissue capsule increases rapidly, invading the graft and replacing it. The foreign cells disintegrate rapidly and by the 22d day have practically all disappeared. The period at which the established graft begins to degenerate, namely the 19th to the 20th day of incubation, is the one on which grafts of foreign tissue will no longer take when implanted in the embryo. The cells at the edge of the graft of foreign tissue survive for a time. There is a rapid formation of a connective tissue capsule and an invasion of the grafts. The foreign cells here practically all have disappeared by the 22d day, leaving a mass of connective tissue. The absence of a round cell infiltration is the most marked difference in the process in the embryo as compared with that in the adult chicken. The process about the grafts in newly hatched chicks is characterized by a more active response of the connective tissue than in the adult and a more pronounced round cell infiltration than in the embryo.

scholarly journals Morphogenesis of Enteric Lesions Induced by Group D Rotavirus in Ringneck Pheasant Chicks (Phasianus colchicus)

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Haynes ◽  
D. L. Reynolds ◽  
J. A. Fagerland ◽  
A. S. Fix
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Phasianus Colchicus ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Intestinal Lesions ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Group D

Eight day-old male and female ringneck pheasants ( Phasianus colchicus) were inoculated with group D rotavirus and necropsied at 4, 7, and 11 days post-inoculation. The intestinal tracts were examined by light and electron microscopic and immunohisiochemical methods. By 4 days post-inoculation, 2/3 (66%) inoculated birds were stunted and had diarrhea and dilated intestines. Intestinal villi were shortened, and many villous enterocytes were partially detached from the lamina propria. Crypts were hyperplastic, and the lamina propria contained a diffuse infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Immunoreactivity to rotaviral antigen was localized to enterocytes on the tips of villi in the duodenum, jejunum, and proximal ileum. By 7 days post-inoculation, 3/3 (100%) inoculated birds had clinical signs and gross and microscopic changes similar to those at 4 days post-inoculation but more severe. Immunoreactivity was localized in enterocytes scattered along the sides of villi, in occasional crypt enterocytes, and within macrophages in the villous lamina propria. Ultrastructurally, infected enterocytes contained cytoplasmic aggregates of viroplasm with multiple viral core particles. Numerous mature virions (60–75 nm in diameter) were present within dilated components of the cytocavitary network. Macrophages within the lamina propria contained phagocytosed remnants of necrotic virus-infected cells. By 11 days post-inoculation, birds did not have gross lesions, but 1/2 (50%) had mild crypt hyperplasia and an infiltrate of leukocytes in the lamina propria. Occasional enterocytes along the sides of villi and macrophages in the lamina propria were immunoreactive for viral antigen. Group D rotavirus is an enteropathogen in pheasants and causes intestinal lesions similar to those caused by enteric rotaviral infections in other species.

scholarly journals Chronic Gastroenterocolitis in Nine Cats

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Feinstein ◽  
E. Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Giemsa Stain ◽  
Bloody Diarrhea ◽  
Glandular Epithelium ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Colonic Epithelium ◽  
Gross Lesions

Lesions of a chronic gastroenterocolitis were found in 9 cats of the Persian breed that were euthanized after a prolonged period of bloody diarrhea. Gross lesions consisted of gastrointestinal edema with prominent Payer's patches, multiple grayish nodules, and a few irregular erosions within the colonic mucosa. Microscopically, the changes were composed of degeneration, necrosis, and proliferation of gastric glandular epithelium, dilated intestinal crypts with lymphoplasmacytic cell infiltration of the lamina propria, and in 1 cat, severe transmural necrosis of the colon. With the Giemsa stain, spiral-shaped organisms in the gastrointestinal lumen and intracellularly in the gastric and the colonic epithelium were observed. These organisms could not be cultured. Although the role of these spiral-shaped organisms was not determined, other agents that could explain the disorder were not found.

scholarly journals Identification of Risk Factors for Lameness Detection with Help of Biosensors

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Ramūnas Antanaitis ◽  
Vida Juozaitienė ◽  
Gediminas Urbonavičius ◽  
Dovilė Malašauskienė ◽  
Mindaugas Televičius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Protein Milk

In this study we hypothesized that the lameness of early lactation dairy cows would have an impact on inline biomarkers, such as rumination time (RT), milk fat (%), milk protein (%), milk fat/protein ratio (F/P), milk lactose (L, %), milk electrical conductivity of all udder quarters, body weight (BW), temperature of reticulorumen content (TRR), pH of reticulorumen content (pH), and walking activity (activity). All 30 lame cows (LCs) used in this experiment had a score of 3–4, identified according to the standard procedure of Sprecher et al.. The 30 healthy cows (HC) showed a lameness score of one. RT, milk fat, MY, milk protein, F/P, L, milk electrical conductivity of all udder quarters, and BW were registered using Lely Astronaut® A3 milking robots each time the cow was being milked. The TRR, cow activity, and pH of the contents of each cow’s reticulorumen were registered using specific smaXtec boluses. The study lasted a total of 28 days. Days “−14” to “−1” denote the days of the experimental period before the onset of clinical signs of lameness (day “0”), and days “1” to “13” indicate the period after the start of treatment. We found that from the ninth day before the diagnosis of laminitis until the end of our study, LCs had higher milk electrical conductivity in all udder quarters, and higher milk fat to protein ratios. On the 3rd day before the onset of clinical signs of the disease until the day of diagnosis, the milk fat of the LC group was reduced. The activity of the LCs decreased sharply from the second day to the first day after treatment. RT in the HC group tended to decrease during the experiment. pH in LCs also increased on the day of the appearance of clinical signs.

122 Bioactive Peptides for Enhancing Intestine Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
Julang Li ◽  
Nadeem Akhtar ◽  
Celina Osakowicz ◽  
Lauren Fletcher ◽  
Karmin O ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Animal Trials

Abstract Intestinal disorders and colitis affect both animals and humans. The pathogenesis behind the inflammation is complex and not entirely understood. Furthermore, the significant rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria has emphasized an urgent need for alternative anti-infective therapies. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is one of the appealing alternative to antibiotics due to their antimicrobial activity, mode of actions, and potential role in tissue repair. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in intestinal proliferation and differentiation and thus promotes intestinal development. Using food grade microorganisms such as Lactococcus lactis and yeast as hosts, our laboratory has produced recombinant porcine protegrin-1 (PG-1), a pig originated antimicrobial peptide and EGF via fermentation. Oral administration of PG-1 reduced Citrobacter rodentium induced intestinal infection in mice. This was evidenced by reduced histopathological changes in the colon, prevention of body weight loss, milder clinical signs of disease, and ultimately more effective clearance of bacterial infection. On the other hand, animal trials using the recombinant EGF demonstrated that it enhances intestinal development and growth of early weaned pig fed with antibiotic-free diet. Moreover, piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherchia coli (E. coli) K88 showed similar beneficial responses to EGF as those fed diets with antibiotic in terms of improving gain to feed ratio and lowering oxidative stress. Taken together, our findings suggest the potential for cost-effective production and application of recombinant bioactive proteins as alternatives to antibiotics in animal health and production.

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