HIV risk in Karachi and Lahore, Pakistan: an emerging epidemic in injecting and commercial sex networks

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 486-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Bokhari ◽  
Naseer M Nizamani ◽  
Denis J Jackson ◽  
Naghma E Rehan ◽  
Motiur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Male Sex Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Antibodies

The objective of this study was to measure HIV prevalence and risk behaviour in injecting drug users (IDUs), male sex workers (MSWs), Hijras (transgenders), female sex workers (FSWs) and male truckers in Karachi and Lahore, Pakistan. The design was a linked-anonymous cross-sectional study of individuals identified at key venues or through peer referral. Approximately 400 respondents in each group (200 for Hijras) responded to a standardized questionnaire and were tested for HIV antibodies at each site. In Karachi, 23% of IDUs and 4% of MSWs were HIV positive, and HIV-positive individuals were identified in all risk groups in at least one city. Two-thirds of all IDUs used a shared needle in the previous week, and unprotected commercial sex activity with men and women was high. The HIV epidemic has entered IDU and male and female commercial sex networks in Karachi and Lahore. Targeted intervention services must be scaled up and risk group surveillance intensified.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Sexual Assault and Use of Emergency Contraceptives Among Female Commercial Sex Workers in Dodoma city, Central Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIHURUMA ELIUFOO ◽  
Yohana Swebe Masubho ◽  
Fabiola Vicent Moshi ◽  
Stephen Methew Kibusi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Female Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
Emergency Contraceptives

Abstract Background Female Commercial Sex Workers (FCSW) are in a constant risk of being abused by their customers or community. With the increased rate of unwanted pregnancies signify the problem in preventive measures and emergency contraception. This study aimed on assessing prevalence of sexual assault and use of emergency contraceptives among female commercial sex workers in Dodoma city, Tanzania. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to 326 female commercial sex workers with a snow ball sampling technique in 10 administrative wards of Dodoma city where by selection of 10 wards from 41 total wards was performed systematically through excel. Results Majority of study respondents 58% were aged between 21 to 31 years. More than a half (51.8%) had experienced sexual assault and majority (64.4%) had never used emergency contraceptives. There was significant relationship between use of emergency contraceptives with variable like ever being pregnant (p = 0.002), ever used drug (p < 0.001), level of education (p = 0.009) and ever heard about emergency contraceptives (p < 0.001). After adjusting for the confounders, the determinants of emergency contraceptives use among female commercial sex workers were level of education; ordinary secondary education (AOR = 0.373 at 95% CI = 0.158–0.878, p = 0.024), College level of education (AOR = 0.131 at 95% CI = 0.036–0.469, p = 0.002), ever used drug (AOR = 0.197 at 95% CI = 0.197–0.608, p < 0.001) and ever heard about emergency contraceptives (AOR = 6.2 at 95% CI = 3.443–11.17,p < 0.001). Conclusion FCSW suffer a significant sexual assault which most of them are afraid to report these assaults basing on the nature of worker being illegal. Most of them heard about emergency contraceptives but few of them are consuming them in their protection against unwanted and unplanned pregnancy.

A cross-sectional study of HIV and STIs among male sex workers attending Australian sexual health clinics

2016 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denton Callander ◽  
Phillip Read ◽  
Garrett Prestage ◽  
Victor Minichiello ◽  
Eric P F Chow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Male Sex Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Sexual Health Clinics

scholarly journals ‘Just getting by’: a cross-sectional study of male sex workers as a key population for HIV/STIs among men who have sex with men in Peru

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M Bayer ◽  
Mijail Garvich ◽  
David A Díaz ◽  
Hugo Sánchez ◽  
Patricia J García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Male Sex Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Key Population ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Sex With Men

scholarly journals Knowledge on mode of transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS among the floating sex workers in some selected areas of Dhaka City

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Lutfun Nahar ◽  
Farzana Mahejabin ◽  
Shamima Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Knowledge on sexually transmitted disease like HIV/AIDS can affect and help in reducing the incidence and number of cases of the disease in the community. The present study makes an attempt to assess the knowledge on mode of transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS among the floating sex workers in some selected areas of Dhaka city. A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of six months from January to June 2009, in Drop in centers in some selected areas of Dhaka city. Data were collected from 90 floating sex workers to find their knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Of the 90 respondents, 88 (97.8%) respondents had heard of HIV/AIDS. Majority of them (52, 57.9%) were got knowledge on HIV/AIDS from NGO workers followed by 13 (14.4%) from radio and 12(13.3%) from television. Most of the respondents (74, 82.2%) knew that HIV could be transmitted by unsafe sex with a known case of AIDS. Regarding prevention of HIV/AIDS, 73(81.1%) respondents knew that use of condom was a way of prevention of AIDS. Majority (51, 56.7%) scored average knowledge on transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS. Government and non-government organizations and media can play effective role to make people aware of HIV/AIDS particularly the high risk groups. CBMJ 2014 January: Vol. 03 No. 01 P: 41-45

scholarly journals A study on epidemiological determinants and reproductive health practices among female commercial sex workers of Dharwad district

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1583
Author(s):  
Geeta V. Bathija ◽  
Madhavi Gajula
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Female Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Prostitution is linked with many socio-demographic disadvantages like minority status, low income and education level, frequent harassment by family and police and social stigma.Methods: It’s a cross-sectional study, done among female commercial sex workers. A sample of 100 women was chosen conveniently, for a study period of 2 months i.e. May and June 2015. The women were one-one interviewed in depth by a semi-structured questionnaire, finalized after Pilot testing. The data was entered into MS Excel, analysed using SPSS v 20.0 and data was presented as means and percentages.Results: 48% of the study sample belonged to the age group of 30-39. 50% of the study samples were involved in home based sex trade, 6% in brothel and 8% in public streets. All of them reported some sort of STI symptom, 39% reported burning micturition, itching and genital sores and 28% reported excessive white discharge. Regarding violence and harassment, 65% faced domestic violence at home, 37% experienced sexual violence like beatings, burning of private parts and forcible sex without payment. 31% had experienced harassment by unnatural sex.Conclusions: Poverty was cited as the most common reason for getting into this trade with half of their families being unaware of it and for a very meagre pay. Removal of social stigma can help in rehabilitating these women back into the society. 

scholarly journals Client-perpetrated gender-based violence among female sex workers in conflict-affected Northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e046894
Author(s):  
Simple Ouma ◽  
Rawlance Ndejjo ◽  
Catherine Abbo ◽  
Nazarius M Tumwesigye
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Gender Based

Study objectiveTo determine the prevalence and associated factors of client-perpetrated gender-based violence among female sex workers in conflict-affected Northern Uganda.Design and settingsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among female sex workers in Gulu district in conflict-affected Northern Uganda.ParticipantsThe study participants included 300 female sex workers aged 18+ years. The participants were selected using simple random sampling from a database of female sex workers maintained at a national non-governmental organisation in Gulu.Outcome measureThe outcome measure was self-reported exposure to client-perpetrated gender-based violence.MethodsWe used a pretested semistructured questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, sex work-related characteristics, alcohol use, illicit drug use, HIV status and self-reported exposure to client-perpetrated gender-based violence. Then, data were entered into Epi Info V.7 and analysed using Stata V.14.0.ResultsAmong participants, 61.0% reported client-perpetrated gender-based violence. Economic (58.7%) and emotional (52.0%) violence were the most common forms of client-perpetrated gender-based violence in this population. Independently, being: street-based (adjusted OR=9.66, 95% CI 2.78 to 33.5), mobile (adjusted OR=3.21, 95% CI 1.83 to 5.64), HIV-positive (adjusted OR=1.90, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.31) and a low-income earner (<USh200 000 monthly) (adjusted OR=2.26, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.30) were positively associated with exposure to client-perpetrated gender-based violence.ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of client-perpetrated gender-based violence among female sex workers in conflict-affected Northern Uganda. Furthermore, female sex workers who were street-based, mobile, HIV-positive and low-income earners were more likely to experience client-perpetrated gender-based violence. The ministry of health and the development partners need to provide targeted public health interventions to prevent and manage the rampant gender-based violence among this underserved population.

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