Guidelines for Wind Power and Wildlife in Washington State, USA

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Ling ◽  
Andy Linehan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Washington State ◽  
The State ◽  
Mitigation Option ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
Wind Energy Development

The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) adopted wind power guidelines in 2002 to promote standardisation of the agency's responses to proposed wind energy projects in Washington State. While the purpose of the guidelines was to create consistency from the agency, some of the recommendations seemed overly stringent and unjustified to the wind industry. Recognising the implications of the guidelines on wind energy development in the State, the Renewable Northwest Project (RNP), along with industry members and their permitting consultants, successfully engaged the agency in a discussion to reach fair and consistent wind power guidelines. The account and methods of negotiation are detailed as an example for abating possible adverse avian and habitat environmental impact of wind farms. The three key areas of negotiation were: pre-permit environmental studies, wildlife and habitat mitigation, and an alternative fee-based mitigation option.

scholarly journals Wealth of Wind and Visitors: Tourist Industry Attitudes towards Wind Energy Development in Iceland

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 693
Author(s):  
Anna Dóra Sæþórsdóttir ◽  
Margrét Wendt ◽  
Edita Tverijonaite
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Land Use Conflicts ◽  
Wind Energy Development

The interest in harnessing wind energy keeps increasing globally. Iceland is considering building its first wind farms, but its landscape and nature are not only a resource for renewable energy production; they are also the main attraction for tourists. As wind turbines affect how the landscape is perceived and experienced, it is foreseeable that the construction of wind farms in Iceland will create land use conflicts between the energy sector and the tourism industry. This study sheds light on the impacts of wind farms on nature-based tourism as perceived by the tourism industry. Based on 47 semi-structured interviews with tourism service providers, it revealed that the impacts were perceived as mostly negative, since wind farms decrease the quality of the natural landscape. Furthermore, the study identified that the tourism industry considered the following as key factors for selecting suitable wind farm sites: the visibility of wind turbines, the number of tourists and tourist attractions in the area, the area’s degree of naturalness and the local need for energy. The research highlights the importance of analysing the various stakeholders’ opinions with the aim of mitigating land use conflicts and socioeconomic issues related to wind energy development.

scholarly journals Evaluation of offshore wind power in the China sea

2021 ◽  
pp. 014459872199226
Author(s):  
Yu-chi Tian ◽  
Lei kou ◽  
Yun-dong Han ◽  
Xiaodong Yang ◽  
Ting-ting Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Business Operation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wind Energy Development ◽  
The Impact

With resource crisis and environmental crisis increasingly grim, many countries turn the focus to pollution-free and renewable wind energy resources, which are mainly used for offshore wind power generation, seawater desalination and heating, etc., on the premise that the characteristics of resources are fully grasped. In this study, the evaluation of offshore wind energy in offshore waters in China, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of existing studies were overviewed from four aspects: the spatial-temporal characteristics of wind energy, wind energy classification, the short-term forecast of wind energy and the long-term projection of wind energy, according to the research content and the future considerations about wind energy evaluation (evaluation of wind energy on islands and reefs, the impact of wind energy development on human health) were envisaged, in the hope of providing a scientific basis for the site selection and business operation ‘or military applications’ here (after business operation), etc. of wind energy development, ‘aritime navigation against environmental construction,’ here and also contributing to the sustainable development and health of human beings.

scholarly journals HACIENDO Y DESHACIENDO BALDÍOS: DINÁMICAS DE VALOR Y CONFLICTOS ENERGÉTICOS EN LA CATALUÑA SUR

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-97
Author(s):  
Jaume Franquesa
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Large Array ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Dialectical Relationship ◽  
Wind Energy Development

In Spain, wind energy development has followed a centralized, extractivist model, with wind farms concentrated in peripheralized and impoverished rural territories. The ability of developers to extract value and electricity from these areas rests upon the latter’s economic, ecological and cultural devaluation, that is to say, on its discursive and material construction as wastelands. This paper examines the dialectical relationship between devaluation and wind energy development through a specific case study from Southern Catalonia, a region that concentrates a large array of energy-related infrastructure. Basing my description on long-term ethnographic fieldwork, I explore the mechanisms through which wind developers aimed to materially and discursively devalue the region, and more specifically its land and the livelihoods it supports. Finally, I argue that opposition to wind energy development emerges, fundamentally, as a reaction against these devaluation practices. A struggle – which takes place through and in the idiom and dignity – that aims to assert and preserve the value of local reproductive strategies and the objective and subjective conditions that make them possible

Chinese Wind Energy Development Analysis and Construction Proposals

2013 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 615-618
Author(s):  
Zi Wei Bai
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Renewable Energy Development ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Wind Energy Development ◽  
Development Analysis

With increasing deficiency of fossil energy, seriously environmental issues, renewable energy development and utilization seemed imminent .By analyzing the energy status quo, analyzing the development of wind power technology in the United Kingdom briefly, the paper proved the necessaries and advantages of wind power. And combining with the development of China's energy and facing the problem, the paper put forward the feasibility of wind energy construction proposals for future development.

scholarly journals A Certificate-Based Approach to Marketing Green Power and Constructing New Wind Energy Facilities

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Blank ◽  
Lori Bird ◽  
Blair Swezey
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Critical Difference ◽  
Green Power ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
Wind Energy Development ◽  
The Cost

The availability of wind energy certificates in Pennsylvania's retail electricity market has made a critical difference in the economic feasibility of developing 140 MW of new wind energy projects in the region. Certificates offer important benefits to both green power suppliers and buyers by reducing transaction barriers. They thus lower the cost of renewable energy. Buyers also benefit through the increased flexibility offered by certificate products. The experience described in this paper offers important insights for selling green power certificates and achieving new wind energy development in other areas of the country.

scholarly journals Community Acceptance of Wind Energy Developments: Experience from Wind Energy Scarce Regions in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merethe Dotterud Leiren ◽  
Stine Aakre ◽  
Kristin Linnerud ◽  
Tom Erik Julsrud ◽  
Maria-Rosaria Di Nucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Onshore Wind ◽  
Community Acceptance ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Wind Energy Development ◽  
Context Specific

Renewable energy plays an important role in the transition to a low emission society, yet in many regions energy projects have resulted in increasing societal polarization. Based on a comprehensive literature review and a survey among stakeholders from specific regions in Germany, Italy, Latvia, Norway, Poland and Spain with little prior experience with wind energy, we highlight six categories of factors that shape community acceptance of onshore wind energy development: technical characteristics of wind energy projects, environmental impacts, economic impacts, societal impacts, contextual factors and individual characteristics. We identify key similarities in acceptance-related patterns of wind energy development across the selected regions, but also important differences, highlighting the very context-specific nature of community acceptance. The findings contribute to improving the understanding of the forces, factors and relationships at play between policy frameworks and perceptions of wind energy under different conditions. We conclude by proposing policy recommendations regarding measures to increase the positive impacts and reduce the negative impacts of wind energy projects, and to strengthen existing drivers and reduce barriers to community acceptance of wind energy development.

Economic Assessment and Policy Analysis on Wind Energy Development in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changyi LIU ◽  
Rong ZHU ◽  
Yang WANG
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Grid Connection ◽  
Trading Market ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Wind Energy Development ◽  
Wind Power Development

Considering rapid development and emerging new challenges of China's wind energy development, this paper summarizes and analyzes five critical problems. First, according to an economic potential assessment, if the feed-in tariff is set 0.60 Yuan/kWh, the economic potential of wind electricity of China will reach 6.63[Formula: see text]PWh, it could meet as much as 2/3 of total power demand by 2030, thus the targeted wind power proportion in future high renewable energy penetration can be achieved. Second, wind energy is abundant but little consumed in Northwest, Northeast and North China while it is insufficient in South and East of China, where grid-connection condition is well. Due to this reverse distribution pattern of wind power endowment and consumption in China, grid-connection transmission must be strengthened in the future, particularly the West–East and North–South power transmission projects must be pushed forward. Third, to address the issue of increasing wind energy curtailment in Northeast, Northwest and North China, stimulating local consumption of wind power by multiple ways is a possible solution in the short term, however, in the medium and long run, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of Ultra-High Voltage power grid in order to expand power transmission to other provinces and regions. Fourth, a new electricity market mechanism should be established as the fundamental measure of promoting new energy development, while green certificate trading market and carbon trading market will form the basis for such market mechanism in the long run. Fifth, though wind power development can bring multiple benefits to economy, employment, and environment, large-scale wind power development will, to some extent, affect local and regional climate. As global warming continues, the wind power resource distribution of China and the world may experience significant changes.

scholarly journals Analysis of Hong Kong’s Wind Energy: Power Potential, Development Constraints, and Experiences from Other Countries for Local Wind Energy Promotion Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Gao ◽  
Lu Xia ◽  
Lin Lu ◽  
Yonghua Li
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Wind Energy Development

The wind energy utilization in Hong Kong is limited, although its potential has proven to be significant. The lack of effective policy for wind energy development is the main constraint. In this paper, the wind power potential in Hong Kong is analyzed, and the wind power potential assessment is conducted based on one-year field measured wind data using Light Detection & Ranging (LiDAR) technology in a proposed offshore wind farm. Results show that the offshore wind power potential in Hong Kong was 14,449 GWh which occupied 32.20% of electricity consumption in 2017. In addition, the electricity market and power structure in Hong Kong are also reviewed with the existing policies related to renewable energy development. Conclusions can be made that the renewable energy target in Hong Kong is out of date and until now there have been no specific effective policies on wind energy. In order to urge Hong Kong, catch up with other countries/regions on wind energy development, the histories and evolution of wind energy policies in other countries, especially in Denmark, are reviewed and discussed. Suggestions are provided in the aspects of economics, public attitude, and political factors which can stimulate wind power development in Hong Kong.

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