Nutritional Factors That Regulate Ovulation of the Dominant Follicle During the First Follicular Wave Postpartum in High-producing Dairy Cows

Recent studies have shown that IGF-1 is a crucial factor for ovarian follicular development in mammals. In postpartum (pp) dairy cows, plasma IGF-1 and estradiol (E2) levels in ovulatory cows at the first follicular wave pp are higher than in anovulatory cows. However, the plasma IGF-1 profile in an ovulatory or anovulatory dominant follicle (DF), which have different E2 production, at the first follicular wave pp have not yet been elucidated. Thus, we investigated the changing profile of plasma IGF-1 levels during first follicular wave pp. In 22 multiparous Holstein cows, blood samples were obtained 2 times/week from 4 weeks prepartum to 3 weeks pp, and the first follicular wave was monitored by ultrasound 2 times/week from 7 days pp to ovulatory phase. Detailed IGF-1 profiles in blood were determined during DF growth and maturation 4 times/day from 10 days pp to 7 days after the first ovulation in 5 ovulatory cows and to 20 days pp in 4 anovulatory cows; the data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA, and Student's t-test. There was no interaction between groups and time within the prepartum or the pp period. The ovulatory cows (n = 13/22) with an estrogen-active dominant (EAD: high plasma E2 level with peak) follicle showed higher IGF-1 levels than anovulatory cows (n = 9/22) with an estrogen-inactive dominant (EID: low plasma E2 level without peak) follicle during the prepartum (117 � 8 vs. 91 � 5 ng mL-1; P < 0.05) and the pp (91 � 4 vs. 64 � 4 ng mL-1; P < 0.001) period. Especially noteworthy, during the first follicular wave pp in ovulatory cows, the plasma IGF-1 levels were maintained at a high level until E2 levels increased, followed by an LH surge. We observed that the EAD follicle in ovulatory cows ovulated. To further examine the IGF-1 system in the intra-follicular environment, we used the EAD and EID follicles from ovaries of dairy cows obtained at a slaughterhouse. The EAD and EID follicles were classified on the basis of follicle diameter and E2 concentrations in follicular fluid (FF). The significant differences of factors between EAD and EID were analyzed by Student's t-test. The expression of IGF-1 mRNA was not detected in follicular cells in either EAD and EID, suggesting that IGF-1 in FF is mainly derived from liver. The free IGF-1 levels in FF in EAD (4.8 � 0.5 ng mL-1) were higher than those in EID (2.7 � 0.1 ng mL-1; P < 0.05). In addition, the expression of type 1 IGF receptor (IGFR-1) mRNA in EAD was higher than hat in EID (P < 0.0001). From the results of the present study, it is apparent that the EAD follicle during the first follicular wave pp in ovulatory cows sufficiently expressed IGFR-1, and a liver-derived IGF-1 stimulates E2 production in the follicle to ovulate. In conclusion, our data suggest that a high concentration of IGF-1, secreted from the liver, during the peripartum period may be one of important factors for the appearance of an ovulatory follicle during the first follicular wave pp cows.

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Relationship between metabolic hormones and ovulation of dominant follicle during the first follicular wave post-partum in high-producing dairy cows

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-06-0046 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 133 (1) ◽

pp. 155-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Chiho Kawashima ◽

Saori Fukihara ◽

Mayumi Maeda ◽

Etsushi Kaneko ◽

Carlos Amaya Montoya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Ovarian Function ◽

Post Partum ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Reproductive Hormones ◽

Follicular Growth ◽

Dominant Follicle ◽

Follicular Wave ◽

Igf I

Recent studies suggest that IGF-I is a crucial regulatory factor in follicular growth during earlypost-partumperiod. The aim of the present study was to determine in detail the changing profiles of metabolic and reproductive hormones in relation to ovulation of the dominant follicle (DF) of the first follicular wavepost-partumin high-producing dairy cows. Plasma concentrations of related hormones in 22 multiparous Holstein cows were measured from 4 weeks pre-partum to 3 weekspost-partum, and the development of DF was observed with colour Doppler ultrasound. Thirteen cows showed ovulation by 15.2 dayspost-partum. Anovulatory cows showed higher GH and lower IGF-I levels than those in ovulatory cows during the peri-partum period. Each DF developed similarly, and a clear blood flow in the follicle wall was observed despite ovulation or anovulation. In addition, detailed endocrine profiles were analyzed in 9 out of the 22 cows. Five cows showed an increase in plasma oestradiol-17β (E2) with follicular growth followed by E2 peak, LH surge and ovulation. In these cows, plasma IGF-I concentrations remained high until 10 dayspost-partumfollowed by a gradual decrease. Subsequently, the insulin level increased together with the E2 peak towards ovulation. These profiles were not observed in anovulatory cows. In conclusion, our data strongly support the concept that IGF-I and insulin represent ‘metabolic signals’ of the resumption of ovarian functionpost-partumin high-producing dairy cows. Moreover, we provide the first visual evidence that both ovulatory and anovulatory DFs of the first follicular wavepost-partumare similarly supplied with active blood flow.

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Effects of human chorionic gonadotropin treatment after artificial inseminations on conception rate with the first follicular wave dominant follicle in the ovary ipsilateral to the corpus luteum in lactating dairy cows

Journal of Reproduction and Development ◽

10.1262/jrd.2017-136 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

pp. 485-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ryotaro MIURA ◽

Nobu MATSUMOTO ◽

Taiki IZUMI ◽

Mitsunori KAYANO ◽

Shingo HANEDA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Corpus Luteum ◽

Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Conception Rate ◽

Dominant Follicle ◽

Follicular Wave ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

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235 FOLLICULAR WAVE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING ESTRADIOL PLUS PROGESTERONE AT A GROWING OR A STATIC PHASE OF THE DOMINANT FOLLICLE IN CIDR-TREATED, LACTATING DAIRY COWS

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv18n2ab235 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 225

Author(s):

U. H. Kim ◽

G. H. Suh ◽

I. H. Kim

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Estradiol Benzoate ◽

Control Group ◽

Corpora Lutea ◽

Dominant Follicle ◽

Exact Test ◽

Follicular Wave ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Array Transducer ◽

Static Phase

Treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB), compared to GnRH, in a controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-based timed AI protocol induced relatively asynchronous follicular wave emergence, resulting in ovulation of smaller ovulating follicles (Kim et al. 2005 Theriogenology 63, 260-268). In this study, we compared new follicular wave emergence and development following treatment with EB (2 mg) plus progesterone (50 mg) at a growing (Day 3 after ovulation) or a static (Day 8) phase of the dominant follicle during the first follicular wave in CIDR-treated, lactating dairy cows. Previously synchronized, lactating dairy cows received CIDRs (InterAg, Hamilton, New Zealand; Day 0) 3 days after ovulation and were assigned to two treatment groups and a control group. Cows in the T1 group (n = 11) received 2 mg EB (SY Esrone; Samyang, Seoul, Korea) and 50 mg P4 (SY Ovaron; Samyang) i.m., and those in the control group (n = 10) received no treatment at that time. Other previously synchronized cows received a CIDR (Day 0) with injections of 2 mg EB plus 50 mg P4 i.m. 8 days after ovulation (T2 group, n = 10). Thereafter, all cows received PGF2� (Lutalyse; Pharmacia & Upjohn, Puurs, Belgium) at the time of CIDR removal on Day 7, and GnRH (Conceral; Dongbang Co., Seoul, Korea) on Day 9. Ovaries of each cow were examined by transrectal ultrasonography (Sonoace 600 with 7.5 MHz linear-array transducer; Medison Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea) every 24 h from Days 0 to 9, on Day 11, and on Day 14 of treatment to observe changes in ovarian structures (follicles and corpora lutea (CL)). Data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and ANOVA using an SAS program (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Follicular wave emergence occurred within 7 days in 3/10 of the control group, 9/11 of the T1 group, and 9/10 of the T2 group (P < 0.05). The interval to wave emergence did not differ (P > 0.05) among groups (3.7 � 1.2, 4.8 � 0.5, 5.9 � 0.3 days, respectively). While the diameters of dominant follicles on Day 0 were greater (P < 0.01) in the T2 group (14.3 � 1.2 mm) than in the control (9.4 � 0.6 mm) and T1 (10.5 � 0.7 mm) group, diameters of preovulatory follicles on Day 9 were significantly smaller (P < 0.01) in the T1 (13.6 � 0.7 mm) and T2 (12.3 � 0.5 mm) groups than in the control group (16.4 � 0.8 mm). Synchronized ovulation by 40 h after the GnRH injection (Day 11) occurred in 10/10 of the control group, 10/11 of the T1 group, and 9/10 of the T2 group (P > 0.05). In conclusion, administration of 2 mg EB plus 50 mg P4 at both a growing and a static phase of the dominant follicle during the first follicular wave results in synchronous follicular wave emergence and development and also synchronized ovulation in CIDR-treated, lactating dairy cows.

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Double ovulation rate of the first follicular wave follicles is higher in the first follicular wave dominant follicle in the ovary contralateral to the corpus luteum treated with human chorionic gonadotropin five days after estrus in lactating dairy cows

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science ◽

10.1292/jvms.19-0088 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 81 (11) ◽

pp. 1685-1687

Author(s):

Ryotaro MIURA ◽

Nobu MATSUMOTO ◽

Shingo HANEDA ◽

Motozumi MATSUI

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Corpus Luteum ◽

Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Ovulation Rate ◽

Dominant Follicle ◽

Follicular Wave ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

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Insulin increases 17β-estradiol production by the dominant follicle of the first postpartum follicle wave in dairy cows

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep.1.00079 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 127 (5) ◽

pp. 537-545 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

S T Butler ◽

S H Pelton ◽

W R Butler

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Insulin Treatment ◽

Ovarian Function ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Pulse Amplitude ◽

Aromatase Activity ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Dominant Follicle ◽

Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽

Follicular Wave

Prolonged anovulation following parturition has a negative impact on fertility in dairy cows. Insulin plays an important role in ovarian function in many species, and is profoundly depressed in dairy cows during early lactation. We hypothesized that hypoinsulinemia during early lactation represents a key indicator of nutritional status, resulting in delayed ovulation. Holstein cows (n = 10) were subjected to either a hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp (INS) or saline infusion (CTL) for 96 h, beginning on day 10 after parturition during the first postpartum follicular wave. Insulin was infused continuously (0.3 μg/kg body weight per h) via a jugular catheter, and euglycemia was maintained by infusion of glucose. Circulating insulin concentrations were elevated 2.6-fold in INS cows compared with CTL cows (0.73 ± 0.026 vs 0.28 ± 0.026 ng/ml; P < 0.001). Insulin treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency, pulse amplitude or mean circulating LH. Circulating estradiol was elevated in INS cows (P < 0.01) and circulating testosterone also tended to be higher. The ratio of testosterone to estradiol was not different between treatments for the initial 30 h of infusion, but was significantly reduced thereafter in response to insulin (P < 0.01), suggesting that hyperinsulinemia increased follicular aromatase activity. Insulin treatment also resulted in reduced circulating nonesterified fatty acids, and increased circulating total and free insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations. Insulin infusion increased estradiol secretion by the dominant follicle of the first postpartum follicular wave in dairy cows, and this effect appears not to be mediated through changes in pulsatile LH release.

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Pathways of the dominant follicle after exposure to sub-luteal circulating progesterone concentrations are different in lactating dairy cows versus non-lactating heifers

Animal Reproduction Science ◽

10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.01.002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 154 ◽

pp. 8-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. Atanasov ◽

J. De Koster ◽

L. Bommelé ◽

T. Dovenski ◽

G. Opsomer

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Dominant Follicle ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

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Ovarian Follicular Dynamics during the Estrous Cycle in Jennies in Upper Egypt

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.4061/2011/860518 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. I. Derar ◽

H. A. Hussein

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Estrous Cycle ◽

Slow Rate ◽

Ovarian Follicles ◽

Maximum Diameter ◽

Dominant Follicle ◽

Upper Egypt ◽

Follicular Wave ◽

Preovulatory Follicles ◽

Follicular Dynamics

The objective of the current study was to describe follicular dynamics in Egyptian Jennies throughout the estrous cycle. In this experiment, 8 estrus cycles in 8 cyclic Jennies were studied from February to June using ultrasonography. The result revealed that one follicular wave per cycle was recorded throughout the studied period. Dominant follicle (DF) was firstly detected at day in Jennies. The growth rate of DF was mm/day. Left ovulations were nonsignificantly () more than right ovulations (55.6% versus 44.6%). The CL was firstly detected at D , developed in a rate of mm/day, reached a maximum diameter of mm at D , and started to regress on D with a mean regression rate of mm d-1. Results of the present study indicated that Jennies had one follicular wave per cycle. The Day of the cycle has a significant effect on the number of different classes of the ovarian follicles, but not large ones. Ultrasonographic characteristics of the preovulatory follicles could be useful to predict ovulation. CL developed and regressed in a slow rate.

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Reduced progesterone concentration during growth of the first follicular wave affects embryo quality but has no effect on embryo survival post transfer in lactating dairy cows

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-10-0375 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 141 (3) ◽

pp. 333-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Fernando A Rivera ◽

Luís G D Mendonça ◽

Gláucio Lopes ◽

José E P Santos ◽

Rolando V Perez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Estrous Cycle ◽

Embryo Quality ◽

Post Partum ◽

Embryo Survival ◽

Follicular Wave ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Prostaglandin F ◽

Donor Cows

Fertility of lactating dairy cows is associated with reduced progesterone (P4) concentration compared with nonlactating animals. The objective of the current study was to determine whether P4 during growth of the first follicular wave (FFW) affects embryo quality. Lactating Holstein cows at 33±3 days post partum were allocated to one of three treatments. Cows in the FFW and FFW with P4 (FFWP) treatments started the superstimulation protocol on day 1 of the estrous cycle and second follicular wave (SFW) cows started the superstimulation protocol on estrous cycle day 7. Cows were superstimulated with 400 mg of NIH-FSH-P1 (FSH) given twice daily for 5 days, two prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) injections given with the ninth and tenth injections of FSH, GNRH given 48 h after the first PGF2α injection, and timed insemination 12 and 24 h after the GNRH injection. Cows in the FFWP treatment received two intravaginal P4 inserts during the superstimulation. Embryos were recovered 6.5 days after artificial insemination and excellent/good and fair embryos were frozen and transferred. Blood was sampled daily from estrous cycle day 0 until insemination from donor cows. During the superstimulation protocol, P4 was (P<0.01) greatest for SFW cows followed by FFWP and FFW cows respectively. The percentage of embryos–oocytes from SFW and FFWP cows classified as excellent/good and fair embryos was (P=0.02) greater than those of FFW cows. Pregnancy per embryo transfer was not (P≥0.73) affected by embryo donor treatment. Reduced embryo quality of cows induced to ovulate the follicles from the first follicular wave is a consequence of reduced P4 during follicle growth.

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