Gap regeneration in near-natural European beech forest stands in Central Bohemia – the role of heterogeneity and micro-habitat factors

AbstractForests on steep slopes constitute a significant proportion of European mountain areas and are important as production and protection forests. This study describes the soil fungal community structure in a European beech-dominated mountain forest stands in the Northern Calcareous Alps and investigates how it is determined by season and soil properties. Samples were collected at high spatial resolution in an area of ca. 100 m × 700 m in May (spring) and August (summer). Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2-region revealed distinct patterns for the soil fungal communities. In contrast to other studies from temperate European beech forest stands, Ascomycota dominated the highly diverse fungal community, while ectomycorrhizal fungi were of lower abundance. Russulaceae, which are often among the dominant ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with European beech, were absent from all samples. Potentially plant pathogenic fungi were more prevalent than previously reported. Only subtle seasonal differences were found between fungal communities in spring and summer. Especially, dominant saprotrophic taxa were largely unaffected by season, while slightly stronger effects were observed for ectomycorrhizal fungi. Soil characteristics like pH and organic carbon content, on the other hand, strongly shaped abundant taxa among the saprotrophic fungal community.

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Carbon Stock of European Beech Forest; A Case at M. Pizzalto, Italy

APCBEE Procedia ◽

10.1016/j.apcbee.2012.03.026 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 159-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Aida Taghavi Bayat ◽

Hein van Gils ◽

Michael Weir

Keyword(s):

Carbon Stock ◽

European Beech ◽

Beech Forest

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Distribution of the timber quality attribute ‘knot surface’ in logs of Fagus sylvatica L. from pure and mixed forest stands

European Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1007/s10342-021-01378-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kirsten Höwler ◽

Torsten Vor ◽

Peter Schall ◽

Peter Annighöfer ◽

Dominik Seidel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fagus Sylvatica ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

European Beech ◽

Forest Stands ◽

Species Identity ◽

Mixed Stands ◽

Mixed Forests ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Timber Quality ◽

Positive Effects

AbstractResearch on mixed forests has mostly focused on tree growth and productivity, or resistance and resilience in changing climate conditions, but only rarely on the effects of tree species mixing on timber quality. In particular, it is still unclear whether the numerous positive effects of mixed forests on productivity and stability come at the expense of timber quality. In this study, we used photographs of sawn boards from 90 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees of mixed and pure forest stands to analyze internal timber quality through the quality indicator knot surface that was quantitatively assessed using the software Datinf® Measure. We observed a decrease in knot surface with increasing distance from the pith as well as smaller values in the lower log sections. Regarding the influence of neighborhood species identity, we found only minor effects meaning that timber qualities in mixed stands of beech and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) tended to be slightly worse compared to pure beech stands.

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Supplementary material to "Phosphorus Transport in Subsurface Flow at Beech Forest Stands: Does Phosphorus Mobilization Keep up with Transport?"

10.5194/bg-2020-118-supplement ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Rinderer ◽

Jaane Krüger ◽

Friederike Lang ◽

Heike Puhlmann ◽

Markus Weiler

Keyword(s):

Subsurface Flow ◽

Beech Forest ◽

Phosphorus Transport ◽

Forest Stands ◽

Supplementary Material

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Shrub vegetation shores strengthening and protection in Kalachevsky district of Volgograd area

FORESTRY BULLETIN ◽

10.18698/2542-1468-2021-3-65-72 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 65-72

Author(s):

A.S. Solomentseva ◽

Keyword(s):

Surface Runoff ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Forest Stands ◽

Effective Measure ◽

Rosa Canina ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Fine Grained Soil ◽

Subsurface Runoff ◽

Protective Forest

The critical abrasion situation manifests itself on the coastal part of the Kalachevsky district due to the increasing anthropogenic load. The most important element of the complex of measures to combat silting of reservoirs and coastal abrasion, as well as an effective measure to strengthen the banks is forest vegetation. The objectives of the research were to study the soil, forest and climatic conditions of the object under study, to develop an assortment of shrubs and features of the formation of protective forest stands, as well as criteria for selecting an adapted assortment of tree and shrub vegetation and methods of caring for the soil and plantings. During the research, the most promising types of shrubs for creating upper protective forest stands were identified: Ligustrum vilgare L., Berberis vulgaris L., Cotoneaster lucidus Schltdl., Amelanchier Medik., Ribes aureum Pursh., Rosa canina L. It was found that the useful role of forest stands is manifested in their ability to convert surface runoff into subsurface runoff, to clean surface stock water from fine-grained soil, to weaken the speed of movement and to extinguish the energy of waves, binding the soil with roots. Recommendations are given for the creation and placement of anti-abrasion plantings, depending on the steepness and height of the slope. It is stated that one of the main measures for the care of the aboveground part of the plantings is the pruning of the crown, carried out taking into account the biological characteristics of their growth and development, including the removal of dry and damaged branches, thinning of the crown, preservation of the previously given crown size, rejuvenation of the crown. It is recommended to place shrubs depending on the landscape, soil and climatic conditions and features of abrasive processes in areas of constant, periodic, episodic flooding and strong moderate and weak flooding of the coastline.

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Differences in acid phosphomonoesterase activity in forest soils of the Smrk Massive in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts. (Czech Republic)

Beskydy ◽

10.11118/beskyd201205020135 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 135-152

Author(s):

A. Bajer ◽

P. Samec ◽

M. Žárník

Keyword(s):

Relative Size ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Principal Component ◽

European Beech ◽

Soil Characteristics ◽

Strong Correlations ◽

Spruce Stands ◽

The Individual ◽

A Site

The purpose of this paper is to determine the individual relations between APEA and specific soils and environmental factors. To disclose these relations, analysis of component vectors and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. Vectors of soil characteristics with participation of APEA (aAKFE) and vectors of pedochemical variables (aCHEM) were also calculated. Their ratio (ia) indicated the relative size of the APEA impact on the relations between pedochemical characteristics. Based on the statistical analyses, different role of APEA in Norway spruce and in European beech stands was detected. While APEA in spruce stands did not show significant correlations with the other examined soil chemical properties, soils under beech stands displayed strong correlations with some of the pedochemical variables. The idea of this research is to find out whether APEA could be used as an indicator of forest vegetation status and of the anthropogenic load on a site.

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Hydrological effects of Norway spruce and European beech on snow cover in a mid-mountain region of the Polana mts., Slovakia / Hydrologický vplyv smreka obyčajného a buka lesného na snehovú pokrývku v stredohorských polohách pohoria poľana na slovensku

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics ◽

10.2478/v10098-012-0028-x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 319-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Matus Hribik ◽

Tomas Vida ◽

Jaroslav Skvarenina ◽

Jana Skvareninova ◽

Lubomir Ivan

Keyword(s):

Snow Cover ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Forest Canopy ◽

Biosphere Reserve ◽

European Beech ◽

Mountain Region ◽

Runoff Generation ◽

Forest Stands ◽

Snow Melting ◽

Beech Stand

The paper evaluates the results of a 6-year-monitoring of the eco-hydrological influence of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European beech (Fagus silvatica L.) forest stands on the hydro-physical properties of snow cover. The experiment was carried out in the artificially regenerated 20-25-year-old forest stands approaching the pole timber stage in the middle mountain region of the Polana Mts. - Biosphere reserve situated at about 600 m a.s.l. during the period of maximum snow supply in winters of years 2004 - -2009. Forest canopy plays a decisive role at both the snow cover duration and spring snow melting and runoff generation. A spruce stand is the poorest of snow at the beginning of winter. High interception of spruce canopy hampers the throughfall of snow to soil. During the same period, the soil surface of a beech stand accumulates greater amount of snow. However, a spruce stand accumulates snow by creating snow heaps during the periods of maximum snow cumulation and stand´s microclimate slows down snow melting. These processes are in detail discussed in the paper. The forest stands of the whole biosphere reserve slow down to a significant extent both the snow cover melting and the spring runoff of the whole watershed.

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Belowground biomass and its annual increment in a montane beech forest in Mavrovo National Park, north-west Macedonia

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/131/2010-jfs ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 152-164

Author(s):

S. Hristovski ◽

L. Melovski ◽

M. Šušlevska ◽

L. Grupče

Keyword(s):

Fine Roots ◽

Root Biomass ◽

National Park ◽

European Beech ◽

Belowground Biomass ◽

Beech Forest ◽

Volume Index ◽

Annual Increment ◽

North West ◽

Trees And Shrubs

The aim of this paper is to present the results of the investigation on belowground biomass and its annual increment in a beech ecosystem (Calamintho grandiflorae-Fagetum) in Mavrovo National Park, Republic of Macedonia. Belowground biomass was estimated in three layers of the ecosystem (tree, shrub and herb layers) for seven years during the period 1997–2005. Allometric regressions were established for the relationship of root biomass from volume index (D2H, diameter squared × height) on a sample of 10 model trees and 13 model shrubs of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Fine root biomass of trees and shrubs was estimated in soil samples to a depth of 145 cm and divided into live and dead fine roots and subdivided into thickness classes. Belowground biomass of the herb layer was assessed in 20 herb species. It was estimated that the total belowground biomass in the ecosystem was 57.75 ·ha–1. The contribution of shrub and herb layers was insignificant (less than 0.2%). Biomass of the live fine roots was 10.16 t·ha–1, i.e. 18% of the total belowground biomass. Annual increment of trees and shrubs was 1.03 t·ha–1·y–1 and 4.6 kg·ha–1·y–1, respectively.

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The (new) role of public forest administration in Western Balkans: examples from Serbia, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, and Republika Srpska

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2017-0395 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (8) ◽

pp. 898-912 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mirjana Stevanov ◽

Max Krott ◽

Marta Curman ◽

Silvija Krajter Ostoić ◽

Vladimir Stojanovski

Keyword(s):

Forest Policy ◽

Western Balkans ◽

Forest Stands ◽

Private Forests ◽

Political Role ◽

Forest Policies ◽

Practice Performance ◽

Forest Enterprises ◽

Republika Srpska

Public forest administrations in the Western Balkans were challenged when facing novel forest policies following the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. To answer (i) what (formal) goals lead public forest administrations nowadays and (ii) how do public forest administrations fulfil these goals, we evaluated the implementation of forest policy goals in Serbia, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, and Republika Srpska by using existing criteria and indicators and the 3L model as a theoretical basis. Survey and document analyses focused on the effects observable in state and private forests. In state forests, all public or state forest enterprises were able to reach goals of multifunctionality and profitablity by prioritizing marketable goods. Sustaining forest stands is important, but it is met differently in practice. Performance in private forests is much weaker and the influence of ministry departments or sectors is weak. In conclusion, the potential for a new, stronger role of public forest administration exists: (i) the supply of marketable and nonmarketable goods could be increased, whereas securing sustained forest stands remains a permanent challenge; (ii) efficiency and profits could be improved if internal and external pressures grow; and (iii) joining forces of forestry actors could strengthen the currently weak political role and enable a strong forestry representative to emerge in the future.

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