Effect of Layered and Reduced Fertilization on Peanut Pod Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (08) ◽  
pp. 559-565
Author(s):  
彩军 张
Keyword(s):  
Pod Growth

scholarly journals Pod growth of Two Genotypes of Country Bean (Lablab purpureus L.) in Acid Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Sharifunnessa Moonmoon ◽  
Moudud Ahmod ◽  
Sazidur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Pod Growth

Evaluation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) genotypes for intercropping with two types of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Rao ◽  
B. N. Mittra
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Indian Institute ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Early Vigour ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Pod Growth

SUMMARYEight genotypes of groundnut and two of pigeon pea were evaluated in intercropping at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, during the monsoon and winter seasons in 1985 and 1986, to identify plant characters associated with high yield in intercropping. The pod yield of groundnut decreased when intercropped with pigeon pea, the extent of the decline differing with groundnut and pigeon pea genotypes. The reduction in groundnut pod yield and the degree and duration of shading was less when grown with pigeon pea type ICPL87 than with LRG30. During the monsoon, pod yield among intercropped groundnut genotypes ranged between 47% and 88% of their yields under monocropping because of differences in growth pattern and duration (90–125 days). The groundnut type most suitable for intercropping had early vigour, early maturity and high partitioning and pod growth rate. However, variation in pod yield among groundnut genotypes was not observed during the winter season because they showed less variation in duration and growth and there was less shading by the associated pigeon pea.

scholarly journals SOLVING COCOA POD SIGMOID GROWTH MODEL WITH NEWTON RAPHSON METHOD

2012 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
ALBERT LING SHENG CHANG ◽  
NAVIES MAISIN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Newton Raphson ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Raphson Method ◽  
Pod Growth

Cocoa pod growth modelling are useful in crop management, pest and disease management and yield forecasting. Recently, the Beta Growth Function has been used to determine the pod growth model due to its unique for the plant organ growth which is zero growth rate at both the start and end of a precisely defined growth period. Specific pod size (7cm to 10cm in length) is useful in cocoa pod borer (CPB) management for pod sleeving or pesticide spraying. The Beta Growth Function is well-fitted to the pods growth data of four different cocoa clones under non-linear function with time (t) as its independent variable which measured pod length and diameter weekly started at 8 weeks after fertilization occur until pods ripen. However, the same pod length among the clones did not indicate the same pod age since the morphological characteristics for cocoa pods vary among the clones. Depending on pod size for all the clones as guideline in CPB management did not give information on pod age, therefore it is important to study the pod age at specific pod sizes on different clones. Hence, Newton Raphson method is used to solve the non-linear equation of the Beta Growth Function of four different group of cocoa pod at specific pod size.

Flower and pod production at various nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Tayo
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Organ Removal ◽  
Pod Growth

SUMMARYIn a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out. Soft X-radiation techniques were also used to study the development of retained and abscissed pods at the various nodes while varying levels of flower or pod removal were used to study the modification to pod development at each flowering node following organ removal.The period of flower opening over the whole plant spanned an average of 12 days and 90% of the pods retained to maturity were formed from flowers opened within 4 days of anthesis. The terminal inflorescence produced most of the flowers on the plant (25%), but nodes 2 and 3 developed the bulk (50%) of the pods retained. Only 30% of the open flowers on the plant formed pods that were retained to maturity.Pod elongation was initially very rapid in the pods to be retained, following successful fertilization, with the latter period of pod growth devoted almost entirely to seedfilling. A slow growth rate characterizes the development of abscission in Phaseolus pods and the number of seeds per pod is determined later in pod growth.Flower or pod removal prolonged flowering and led to longer leaf retention and more branches on the main stem. The number of mature pods was lower on the treated plants and the more severe the removal the larger were these treatment effects. Plants compensated for fewer pods by having more seeds per pod but these were not enough to prevent significant depression of seed dry weight per plant by the most severe removals. Flower or pod removal led to a shift of emphasis in pod production by the plant from nodes 2 and 3 to other areas of the plant where natural wastage of flower and young pods is high.

Agronomic Aspects of Broad Beans (Vicia Faba L.) Grown in the Sudan

1968 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. K. El Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Broad Beans ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Pod Growth

SummaryField experiments in three successive growing seasons (1963–66) studied effects of variety and plant density on yield components of broad beans. In 1963/64 total seed yield of a local variety (Beladi), increased with increasing seed rates from 70 to 280 lb per feddan, but yield increment diminished beyond 140 lb. The same results were obtained with Beladi and Rebaya 34 in 1964/65 and 1965/66, but Rebaya 34, yielded less than Beladi at all seed rates. Growth analysis revealed that Rebaya 34 had greater growth rate at the beginning of the season, due to its relatively large seed size, but eventually Beladi overtook it. Maximum pod growth in both varieties occurred when leaf dry weight was declining. The proportion of dry matter was greater in pods of Beladi than Rebaya 34 because of more sinks in the former variety. The present seed rate of 70 lb per feddan seems to be suboptimal and factors affecting establishment and/or effective leaf area at the time of pod growth are detrimental to the final yield.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of leaflet growth rate to drought predicts yield in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 792
Author(s):  
Amber N. Hageman ◽  
Milan O. Urban ◽  
Elizabeth Van Volkenburgh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Pod Growth

Although drought limits yield by decreasing photosynthesis and therefore biomass accumulation, biomass is not the strongest predictor of yield under drought in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Instead, resource partitioning from pod walls into seeds is a stronger correlate. Our aim was to determine whether growth rates of developing leaflets and pods, as independent indicators of sink strength, predict resource partitioning into seeds. Using 20 field-grown genotypes, we paired biomass, yield, and resource partitioning data with leaflet and pod growth rates under well-watered and droughted conditions. We hypothesised that genotypes with faster growing leaflets and pods under drought would fill seeds better. However, we found that leaflet and pod growth rates did not predict partitioning to seeds; rather, sensitivity of leaflet growth rate to drought was a good predictor of yield reduction. Further, plants with rapidly growing leaves under well-watered conditions were most vulnerable to decreases in leaflet growth rate under drought. This suggests that lines that inherited a conservative growth strategy were better able to maintain yield by allocating resources to seeds. Our findings indicate that inherent sensitivity of leaflet growth rate to drought may be used as a predictor of partitioning and yield in common beans.

Physiological assessment of apetalous flowers and erectophile pods in oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

1996 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Fray ◽  
E. J. Evans ◽  
D. J. Lydiate ◽  
A. E. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Physiological Assessment ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Pod Growth

SUMMARYThe transmission of solar radiation within the crop canopies of oilseed rape is decreased both by the plant's yellow petals during flowering, and by the horizontal posture of the pods once they are formed. The significance of each of these morphologies was assessed, in the 1991/92 and 1992/93 growing seasons, by comparing the performances of an apetalous breeding line (N-o-112) and one with erectophile pods (N-5-130) with two conventional commercial genotypes (Falcon and Tapidor).The apetalous floral layer of line N-o-112 reflected and absorbed significantly less radiation than those of the conventional, petalled genotypes. This resulted in a greater transmission of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) to the leaf and bract canopy situated below. At peak flowering, 70% more PAR was transmitted through the apetalous floral layer.The erectophile pods of line N-5-130 were angled 20–25° further from the horizontal than the conventional genotypes. The extinction coefficient (K) of its pod layer during late pod growth ranged from 0·35 to 0·44 as compared to 0·45 to 0·55 in the commercial varieties. Line N-5-130 carried a greater proportion of its total fertile pod number in the lower regions of the pod canopy compared to the two conventional genotypes. It also had a greater overall mean number of seeds per pod, and the number decreased proportionately less with depth in the canopy. The line was thus better able to maintain a higher photosynthetic area and to sustain pod and seed growth at the lower levels of the crop canopy than the conventional, commercial varieties. The potential physiological effects of apetalous flowers and erectophile pods are considered to be sufficiently beneficial for their introgression into near-isogenic lines to be pursued.

The growth of vining peas: I. The effect of time of sowing

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Milbourn ◽  
R. C. Hardwick
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Morphogenetic Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pod Growth

SUMMARYYield and growth analysis have been applied to the results of an experiment comparing early and late sown peas. Yield analysis showed that in this experiment late sown peas had:(i) fewer podding nodes per main stem,(ii) fewer pods per podding node, and(iii) a slower rate of increase in pod weight.The physiological origins of these differences are discussed.The first component is determined by the stage at which node production is terminated by the death of the apical bud.The second is determined by morphogenetic factors at the apical meristem early in in the life of the plant, when (in the variety DSP) either a single or a double flowered raceme is initiated, and also during the harvesting period when some pods are lost from the lower-most flowering nodes.The differences in the third component, the rate of increase in pod weight, could not be explained by conventional growth analysis. Pod growth rate was not a simple function of leaf area index.It is suggested that the relationship between leaf area and pod growth rate is complicated by the existence of other sources of materials for pod growth such as stored products in the roots and stems, and photosynthesis by the fruit itself.

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