scholarly journals Συγκριτική μελέτη των διαταραχών σίτισης και των παραγόντων κινδύνου σε παιδιά προσχολικής ηλικίας υγιή και με παθήσεις του πεπτικού συστήματος

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Κατερίνα Σδράβου
Keyword(s):  
Problem Score ◽  
Total Frequency ◽  
Total Problem ◽  
Frequency Score ◽  
Total Problem Score

Εισαγωγή: οι διαταραχές σίτισης είναι συχνές στην παιδική ηλικία. Σύμφωνα με τη βιβλιογραφία το 25%-45% των παιδιών τυπικής ανάπτυξης αντιμετωπίζουν προβλήματα σίτισης. Τα παιδιά με παθήσεις του πεπτικού συστήματος θεωρούνται ομάδα υψηλού κινδύνου για εκδήλωση τέτοιων προβλημάτων. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν η διερεύνηση του επιπολασμού και των χαρακτηριστικών των προβλημάτων σίτισης σε υγιή παιδιά τυπικής ανάπτυξης και σε παιδιά με προβλήματα του πεπτικού συστήματος, ηλικίας 2-7 ετών, στην Ελλάδα. Στα πλαίσια της μελέτης αυτής διερευνήθηκαν παράγοντες που πιθανά σχετίζονται με την εμφάνιση διαταραχών σίτισης στις δύο ομάδες παιδιών, όπως τα δημογραφικά χαρακτηριστικά των παιδιών και των γονέων, το ιστορικό σίτισης βρεφικής ηλικίας και τα αναπτυξιακά στάδια σίτισης του παιδιού, το περιβάλλον σίτισης και οι γονικές πρακτικές σίτισης. Μέθοδος: μελέτη παρατήρησης χρονικής στιγμής, τύπου ασθενών και μαρτύρων. Μετά την εφαρμογή των κριτηρίων επιλογής και αποκλεισμού στη μελέτη συμπεριλήφθηκαν 928 παιδιά (787 στην ομάδα ελέγχου και 141 στην κλινική ομάδα). Για τα παιδιά αυτά συλλέχθηκαν πληροφορίες που αφορούν τα δημογραφικά και ανθρωπομετρικά στοιχεία, τη συμπεριφορά κατά τη σίτιση, το ιατρικό ιστορικό, το ιστορικό σίτισης, το περιβάλλον σίτισης και τις γονικές πρακτικές σίτισης. Αποτελέσματα: Στην ομάδα ελέγχου, το 8,2% των παιδιών είχαν παθολογικό Total Frequency Score (TFS) σκορ (συχνότητα δυσλειτουργικών συμπεριφορών) και το 27,5% είχαν παθολογικό Total Problem Score (TPS) σκορ (αριθμός προβλημάτων που ανέφεραν οι γονείς). Τα παιδιά με παθήσεις του πεπτικού συστήματος εμφάνισαν σημαντικά υψηλότερη συχνότητα προβληματικών συμπεριφορών και σημαντικά υψηλότερο αριθμό συμπεριφορών που οι γονείς θεωρούν πρόβλημα. Συγκεκριμένα, το 18,6% της κλινικής ομάδας είχε παθολογικό TFS σκορ και το 39,5% είχε παθολογικό TPS σκορ. Οι δύο ομάδες διέφεραν σημαντικά ως προς τα χαρακτηριστικά σίτισης των παιδιών. Ωστόσο, οι συμπεριφορές που φαίνονται να απασχολούν συχνότερα τους γονείς είναι κοινές και για τις δύο ομάδες και αφορούν την τροφική νεοφοβία, τη μειωμένη κατανάλωση λαχανικών, τη διαπραγμάτευση και τη χρονοτριβή. Ανάμεσα στις δύο ομάδες διαπιστώθηκαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές σε όλα τα αναπτυξιακά στάδια της σίτισης, σε πολλά χαρακτηριστικά του περιβάλλοντος σίτισης και σε πολλές γονικές πρακτικές. Συγκεκριμένοι δημογραφικοί παράγοντες, ο χαμηλός ΔΜΣ, η καθυστέρηση στη μετάβαση στις στερεές τροφές, αρκετά χαρακτηριστικά του περιβάλλοντος σίτισης και σχεδόν όλες οι γονικές πρακτικές, συσχετίστηκαν θετικά με τις διαταραχές σίτισης στην ομάδα ελέγχου. Λιγότερα χαρακτηριστικά συσχετίστηκαν θετικά με τις διαταραχές σίτισης στην κλινική ομάδα. Συμπεράσματα: Η μελέτη κατέδειξε ότι περίπου ένα στα δέκα υγιή παιδιά εκδηλώνει διαταραχές σίτισης, ενώ ένας στους τέσσερις γονείς θεωρούν προβληματική τη σίτιση του παιδιού τους. Σχεδόν διπλάσιο ποσοστό παιδιών με παθήσεις του πεπτικού συστήματος βρέθηκε να αντιμετωπίζει παρόμοια προβλήματα. Τα ευρήματα της μελέτης συμβάλουν στην πρόληψη, πρώιμη ανίχνευση και αξιολόγηση των διαταραχών σίτισης τόσο στα υγιή παιδιά, όπου τα προβλήματα σίτισης συχνά παραβλέπονται ή υποτιμώνται, όσο και στα παιδιά με παθήσεις του πεπτικού συστήματος που αποτελούν ομάδα υψηλού κινδύνου για την εκδήλωση τέτοιων προβλημάτων. Από τα ευρήματα της μελέτης αναδείχτηκαν επίσης σημαντικές πληροφορίες για τους παράγοντες που επιδρούν στη διατροφική συμπεριφορά, παρέχοντας ένα πλαίσιο αναφοράς για πρώιμη παρέμβαση και για το σχεδιασμό όσο το δυνατό πιο στοχευμένων και αποτελεσματικών θεραπευτικών μεθόδων σε παιδιά με διαταραχές σίτισης.

Prevalence of psychological problems in Irish school going adolescents

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lawlor ◽  
Deborah James
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Type ◽  
Problem Score ◽  
Total Problem ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Internalising Problems ◽  
Total Problem Score

AbstractObjectives: To establish the prevalence of psychological problems in older adolescents.Method: The Youth Self Report was completed by teenagers in a class group. Percentages scoring above clinical threshold were calculated. Gender differences and variances between school type were examined.Results: Seven hundred and seventy-nine students participated in the study, 373 males and 406 females. Of the girls 23% reported problems in the clinical range on total problem score compared with 19% of boys. Significant gender differences were noted on total problem and internalising scores but not on externalising scores. The levels of psychological problems did not appear to be influenced by school type. Of the total group 6.4% reported thinking of suicide frequently (almost twice as many girls as boys) and this rose to 25% of girls who scored in the clinical range of total problem score and 15% of boys.Conclusions: Twenty-one per cent of adolescents had problems in the clinical range. Girls reported more problems than boys. It was surprising to find that there was no gender difference in reported levels of externalising problems. The high expression of suicidal and thoughts of self-harm in those with externalising and internalising problems is of concern. This highlights the vulnerability of older adolescents as they tend to fall between the current child and adolescent services. Service provision for this population should be a priority in rural areas and on a national basis.

Portable Bioimpedance Spectrometer for Total Frequency Range of β-Dispersion

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhouha Bouchaala ◽  
Olfa Kanoun ◽  
Nabil Derbel
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Range ◽  
Total Frequency

Cleft palate induction in hamster fetuses by glucocorticoid hormones and their synthetic analogues

Development ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Ravindra M. Shah ◽  
Alan Kilistoff
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Glucocorticoid Hormones ◽  
Synthetic Analogues ◽  
Total Frequency ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Palatal Development ◽  
Different Doses

The effect of prenatal administration of different doses of cortisone, corticosterone, dexamethasone, triamcinolone and prednisolone on the fetus and its palatal development was studied. All the glucocorticoids, except cortisone, produced cleft palate in the fetuses. Both the total frequency and morphologically different types of cleft palate were related to the dose of the teratogen. Triamcinolone appeared to be more potent than other glucocorticoid in inducing cleft palate. An association was noted between fetal growth inhibition, the dose of the teratogen and the frequency and type of cleft palate.

The Thrombo-embolic Disease in Pre-eclampsia

1959 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 006-010
Author(s):  
Harry Zilliacus
Keyword(s):  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Total Frequency

SummaryOn the basis von 19756 obstetrical cases reviewed with regard to the frequency of thrombo-embolism it was found that post partal thrombo-embolism occurs about four times more frequently in late toxemia of pregnancy than in non preeclamptic obstetrical cases. There were 95 cases of puerperal thrombo-embolism (58 in superficial and 37 in deep seated veins of the leg) among the 2077 cases of late toxemia of pregnancy, which means a frequency of 4.6 per cent against a total frequency of thrombo-embolism of 1.2 per cent among all the obstetrical cases reviewed. Possible causes for a thrombotic process in pre-eclampsia are dicussed: placental thromboplastins, high concentration of plasma fibrinogen and other coagulation factors, aggregation and sedimentation of erythrocytes, retardation of the venous flow.Of the anticoagulants heparin is recommended as the most suitable agent in prophylactic treatment of thrombosis in late toxemia of pregnancy.

scholarly journals EARLY MORPHOGENESIS OF VESSELS AND NERVES OF THE NECK

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
L. Herasym ◽  
I. Tsumanets
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Carotid Artery Disease ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Acute Angle ◽  
Total Frequency ◽  
Artery Disease

Carotid artery disease leads to stroke in 30% of cases. The total frequency of carotid artery deformations varies from 10 to 40% depending on the results of angiographic and pathological examinations. Coiling of the internal carotid artery is associated with embryological pathology, and elongation and inflection are the result of fibromuscular dysplasia or changes that are accompanied by atherosclerotic damage to the arteries. Kinking – an artery bend at an acute angle. It can be congenital, when from early childhood there is a violation of cerebral circulation and develops over time from an elongated carotid artery. The formation of inflections contributes to hypertension, the progression of atherosclerosis. Coiling – the formation of a loop of an artery. Despite the smooth running of the loop, the changes in bleeding in it are significant. The nature of bends in coiling can vary depending on body position, blood pressure. The most common is the elongation of the internal carotid or spinal artery, which leads to the formation of smooth curves along the vessel. Elongation of the arteries is usually detected in random studies. The main etiological causes of pathological tortuosity of the internal carotid artery include: congenital deformation of the vascular wall, hypertension, osteochondrosis of the cervical vertebrae, compression of the bracheocephalic arteries, cranial nerves. The review article deals with anatomy and topography of the major vascular-nervous bundle components of the neck on the stages of early ontogenesis from the point of view of surgical correction of departures from their normal development in newborns and children of an early age. However, literary data are controversial and fragmentary concerning anatomical peculiarities of the carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, and vagus. The facts concerning synoptic correlation of the major vascular-nervous bundle components of the neck in fetuses and newborns are not systematized. Carotid artery disease leads to stroke in 30% of cases. The total frequency of carotid artery deformations varies from 10 to 40% depending on the results of angiographic and pathological examinations. 

scholarly journals Investigating the Strategies Used in Translation of Ironies in English Short Stories translated into Persian

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Mana Alahmad
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Ernest Hemingway ◽  
Frequency Count ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Total Frequency ◽  
Culture And Language

This study attempted to investigate the strategies which were used by Persian translators in translation of ironies. Translating irony has always been challenging as it relates to each nation culture and language background. So, special strategies are needed to guide the translators to find suitable equivalences for the ironies within any second language. In this research, strategies for translating two types of ironies i.e. verbal and situational were investigated via short stories. Eight short stories of Ernest Hemingway were chosen as the English texts. For each story two Persian versions were selected.Baker (1992) model of translation strategies was considered as the framework. The result of the total frequency count of the strategies adopted in translating the ironies by the translators’indicated that the most common strategies which used by these translators to translate English verbal and situational ironies into Persian were cultural equivalences and general or neutral equivalences for English words and phrases.The findings are of help to translators, translation trainers and readers among all interested parties

scholarly journals Long-lasting behavioural consequences of neonatal iron deficiency in high-risk children

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine McCarthy ◽  
Deirdre Murray ◽  
Louise Kenny ◽  
Jonathan Hourihane ◽  
Alan Irvine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Total Problem ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Infant Birth ◽  
Neonatal Iron Deficiency

AbstractLittle consideration has been given to the long-term consequences of iron deficiency in new-born infants. Fetal iron accretion is compromised by multiple pregnancy complications including preterm birth, gestational diabetes mellitus and fetal growth restriction, while our work has identified increased risks from maternal lifestyle factors such as smoking and obesity for low iron stores at birth. Early-life events, including C-section delivery, also add to this cumulative risk of neonatal iron deficiency, predisposing infants to iron deficiency later in infancy and early childhood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of neonatal iron deficiency on neurological development up to 5 years of age in term-born participants of a maternal-infant birth cohort in Ireland. In the Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort, 697 maternal-infant dyads with prospectively collected lifestyle and clinical data from 15 weeks’ gestation had umbilical cord serum ferritin concentrations measured. Neurological assessments were performed at 2 (Bayley Scales of Infant Development and Child Behaviour Checklist [CBCL]) and 5 (Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test and CBCL) years of age. In the cohort, median [IQR] cord ferritin concentrations were 200.9 [139.0,265.8] μg/L; 7.5% had neonatal iron deficiency (< 76μg/L). Using the risk factors for neonatal iron deficiency that we previously identified (smoking, obesity, C-section delivery, SGA) in this cohort, as selection criteria, we conducted an a priori sensitivity analysis in 306 children. Of the 306 children identified as high-risk, 12.4% had neonatal iron deficiency. Those with neonatal iron deficiency had higher median [IQR] CBCL internal (9.0 [5.3,12.0] vs. 5.0 [3.0,10.0]), external (7.5 [4.0,14.8] vs. 5.0 [2.0,10.0]) and total problem (24.5 [15.3,40.8] vs. 16.0 [10.0,30.0], all P < 0.05) scores at 5 years compared to those without neonatal deficiency. This adverse effect was especially apparent in children of obese mothers (n = 85) who were iron deficient at birth, with a total problem score at 5 years of 42.0 [24.5,54.5] compared to 16.0 [8.8,29.3] in those not deficient (P = 0.008). Associations were robust to adjustment for confounding factors. No effect on cognition or intelligence at 2 or 5 years was observed in this cohort. This study has identified behavioural consequences of neonatal iron deficiency. Interventions targeting the fetal/neonatal period could, therefore, represent a key opportunity for prevention of iron deficiency and its associated long-term neurological consequences. A dual approach is required, comprising public health strategies targeting prevention, through improving nutrition and health in women, and the development of screening strategies for early detection of iron deficiency in new-borns.

scholarly journals Microvascular Assessment of Ranolazine in Non-Obstructive Atherosclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Sin Koh ◽  
Olivia Y. Hung ◽  
Parham Eshtehardi ◽  
Arnav Kumar ◽  
Rani Rabah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Fractional Flow ◽  
Flow Reserve ◽  
Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Angina Frequency ◽  
Duke Activity Status Index ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Status Index ◽  
Frequency Score

Background: Microvascular dysfunction is known to play a key role in patients with angina and nonobstructive coronary artery disease. We investigated the impact of ranolazine among patients with angina and nonobstructive coronary artery disease. Methods: In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot trial, 26 patients with angina once weekly or more, abnormal stress test, and nonobstructive coronary artery disease (<50% stenosis by angiography and fractional flow reserve >0.80) were randomized 1:1 to ranolazine or placebo for 12 weeks. Primary end point was ΔSeattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) angina frequency score. Baseline and 3 months follow-up SAQ, Duke Activity Status Index scores along with invasive fractional flow reserve, coronary flow reserve (CFR), hyperemic myocardial resistance, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing measurements were performed. Results: No significant differences in ΔSAQ angina frequency scores ( P =0.53) or Duke Activity Status Index ( P =0.76) were observed between ranolazine versus placebo, although patients on ranolazine had lesser improvement in SAQ physical limitation scores ( P =0.02) compared with placebo at 3 months. There were no significant differences in ΔCFR or Δhyperemic myocardial resistance between ranolazine and placebo groups. Patients treated with ranolazine, compared with placebo, had no significant improvement in maximum rate of oxygen consumption measured during incremental exercise (VO 2 max) and peak metabolic equivalents of task. Interestingly, in the ranolazine group, patients with baseline CFR<2.0 demonstrated greater gain in CFR compared with those with baseline CFR≥2.0 ( P =0.02). Conclusions: Ranolazine did not demonstrate improvement in SAQ angina frequency score, invasive microvascular function, or peak metabolic equivalent compared with placebo at 3 months. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02147067.

scholarly journals B-15 Engagement in Cognitively-Demanding Activities in Daily Life is Associated with Neurocognitive Test Performance and Perceived Cognitive Difficulties Among Adults With and Without HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-960
Author(s):  
E Paolillo ◽  
M Hussain ◽  
R Moore ◽  
D Moore ◽  
R Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Total Frequency ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Neurocognitive Test

Abstract Objective Assessing daily activities is important for understanding how cognitive abilities affect everyday functioning. We evaluated a new measure capturing engagement in cognitively-demanding activities among people with and without HIV, and examined associations with neurocognitive test performance and perceived cognitive difficulties. Method Participants included 79 adults (59 HIV+, 20 HIV-) enrolled in studies at UCSD (mean age = 55.1; SD = 13.1). Domain-specific composite scaled scores measured neurocognitive functioning as continuous variables. Demographically-corrected global deficit scores determined neurocognitive impairment. Perceived cognitive difficulties were self-reported via the Everyday Cognition scale (ECog). The newly created, self-report Frequency and Difficulty of Activities Scale (FDAS) measured frequency of engagement in 27 cognitively-demanding activities [0 = Never to 10 = Once a day or more] in the last month. FDAS “total frequency score” sums all frequency ratings. Participants also rated difficulty performing each FDAS activity [0 = Not at all to 10 = Extremely]. FDAS “difficult-activity score” sums frequency ratings only for activities that participants identified as difficult for them (i.e., difficulty rating >75th percentile of sample). Results Higher FDAS total frequency scores correlated with better verbal fluency (r = 0.26, p = 0.019) and processing speed (r = 0.24, p = 0.030). Multiple regression revealed a significant interaction between cognitive impairment and frequency of engagement in difficult activities (b = 0.34, 95%CI = 0.18-0.50, p < 0.001), such that higher FDAS difficult-activity scores related to more perceived cognitive difficulties only among cognitively impaired participants. Conclusion This study explored use of a new measure of complex daily activities to aid neuropsychological interpretation. Results suggest that effects of neurocognitive impairment on perceived cognitive difficulties may only be apparent if individuals are attempting to perform challenging everyday tasks.

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