scholarly journals Біоморфологічні особливості м’язів, діючих на плечовий суглоб, деяких представників ряду горобцеподібних – Ordо Passeriformes

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
O.O. Melnyk ◽  
M.V. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
National University ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Shoulder Girdle Muscles ◽  
Fixation Points

Biomorphological features of muscles that act on the shoulder joint of some representatives of orderPasseriformes are represented in the article. As shoulder joint of birds has many axes, not only the muscles of the shoulder joint provide the movements in it, but some of the muscles of the shoulder girdle and elbow joint. It should be noted that the main flight muscles of birds are the shoulder girdle muscles, including the chest (m. pectoralis) and supra-coracoid muscles. Some muscles of an elbow joint, including m. coracoradialis and m. scapuli triceps, are equally important. However, the amount of muscles that somehow act on the shoulder joint of the investigated birds' species is different, the degree of muscle development in these species is also different. In order to understand the degree of development, particularly mechanisms of differentiation and development of muscle structures, a comprehensive study of the muscles of the shoulder girdle, shoulder and elbow joints was conducted. The material for the research was obtained from the funds of the Department of animal anatomy named after acad. V.G. Kasyanenko of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, where the studies of muscular structures of the shoulder joint of some representatives of order Passeriformes, including raven (Corvus corax), rook (Corvus fragilegus), waxwings (Bombycilla garrulous), were conducted. Research of muscles of the shoulder joint, shoulder girdle and elbow joint of birds was performed on fresh or fixed in 10% formalin solution cadavers. After describing and defining of fixation points of the muscles, they were dissected to determine the location of the muscle fibers. In addition, in order to determine the degree of development of muscles and muscle groups, each muscle was weighed. During the research, muscles were drawn or pictured to complement the work with illustrative material. There was no larger or smaller muscle neither in muscle group of shoulder, nor elbow joint that should be significantly for each case. There is no clear stability in the development of muscle groups of these joints. At the same time, muscle group of elbow joint is more developed than the muscle group of shoulder joint. All these mentioned features of structure and differentiation of muscles, which act on the shoulder joint of birds, are caused by physical exertion, posed by adaptation to a different type, speed and duration of flight.

scholarly journals Біоморфологія м’язів, діючих на плечовий суглоб чорнодзьобої гагари

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (82) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
O.O. Melnyk ◽  
M.V. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Gavia Immer ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
National University ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
First Time

The article presents the results of studies of the biomorphological features of muscles acting on shoulder joint of some representatives of order Gaviiformes. Shoulder joint is a multifaceted joint, movements of which are provided not only by the muscles of the shoulder joint itself, but also some muscles of the shoulder girdle and elbow joint. It should be noted that the main muscles of the flight of birds are muscles of the shoulder girdle, in particular: thoracic and m. supracoracoideus. Also important are some of the muscles of the elbow, in particularm.coraco-radialis and m. scapula-triceps This is confirmed both by the points of fixation, and the degree of their development.The degree of development and differentiation of muscles acting on the shoulder joint is different, which is due to the peculiarities of the wing operation during the flight, and in waterfowl – peculiarities of underwater swimmingusing wings. The aim of this biomorphological study was understanding of development degree, and the main, mechanisms of differentiation and transformation of muscles acting on the shoulder joint of birds adapted to the aquatic habitat.Material for research was obtained from the funds of the Department of anatomy of Animals named after acad. V.G. Kasyanenko of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, where the muscle structures of the shoulder joint were studied on  black-tailed gagar Gavia immer in number of 3 individuals. Birds of Gaviiformes order are characterized by a rapid, but little maneuverable flight. They are extremely well adapted to the aquatic environment and spend most of their lives in the water, leaving on land only during breeding. These birds perfectly swim and dive, and during diving use not only the pelvic fins but also the wings. This, in turn, imposes certain imprints on the degree of development and differentiation of the studied muscle groups. It was found that among the studied groups of muscles (shoulder girdle, shoulder and elbow joints) the most developed group of muscles is shoulder girdle – 86%. The muscle groups of the elbow – 8.5% and the shoulder – 5.4% of the joints are significantly less. In addition, for the first time, we have found that the largest in its development among all the muscles examined - the thoracic muscle (the group of muscles of the shoulder girdle) has significant differences in comparison with other species of birds. These differences consist in the fact that this muscle is clearly differentiated into two separate layers, in fact two separate muscles – superficial and deep, most of which are developed superficial. Such a differentiation is due to biomorphological adaptations to the habitat. 

scholarly journals The Characteristics of Shoulder Muscles in Archery Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ri Na Kim ◽  
Jin Hyuck Lee ◽  
Seok Ha Hong ◽  
Jin Ho Jeon ◽  
Woong Kyo Jeong
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Left Shoulder ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Adductor Muscles ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Shoulder Girdle Muscles ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the shoulder girdle muscle characteristics of elite archery athletes and provides suggestions for archery training programs.METHODS: This study enrolled 15 cases of high level archery athletes (7 males, 8 females) and 30 cases of (15 males, 15 females) sex, age-matched, healthy, non-athletic individuals. We measured peak torques of flexion (FL), extension (EX), abduction (ABD), adduction (ADD), external rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR) of both shoulders at an angular velocity of 30°/sec, 60°/sec, and 180°/sec. The peak torques and peak torque ratios of FL/EX, ABD/ADD, and ER/IR of the two groups were compared.RESULTS: The archer group had a greater peak torque of IR and ADD, but only in the left shoulder (p < 0.05). In the same group, both shoulders had greater peak torque of EX and lower peak torque of FL. The peak torque ratios of FL/EX of both shoulders were significantly lower in the archer group at all three angular velocities (p < 0.05). The peak torque ratios of ABD/ADD were significantly greater in only the left shoulder of the archer group (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The prominent characteristics of the shoulder girdle muscles of an elite archer are stronger adductor muscles of the bow shoulder and stronger extensors of both shoulders, as compared to healthy, non-athletic individuals. These muscle groups of the shoulder probably contribute a major role in maintaining the accuracy and stability during archery shooting. Hence, a training program that selectively enhances the adductor and extensor muscles could prove helpful in enhancing the archery skills of the athlete.

Dystrophinopathies and Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (04) ◽  
pp. 262-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sarkozy ◽  
Mariacristina Scoto ◽  
Francesco Muntoni ◽  
Joana Domingos
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Muscular Dystrophies ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Shoulder Girdle Muscles ◽  
Independent Ambulation ◽  
Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy

AbstractMuscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases. The natural history of these disorders along with their management have changed mainly due to a better understanding of their pathophysiology, the evolution of standards of care, and new treatment options. Dystrophinopathies include both Duchenne's and Becker's muscular dystrophies, but in reality they are a spectrum of muscle diseases caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the protein dystrophin. Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is the most common form of inherited muscle disease of childhood. The current standards of care considerably prolong independent ambulation and survival. Several therapeutic options either aiming at substituting/correcting the primary protein defect or limiting the progression of the dystrophic process are currently being explored in clinical trials.Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are rare and heterogeneous conditions, characterized by weakness and wasting of the pelvic and shoulder girdle muscles. Originally classified into dominant and recessive, > 30 genetic forms of LGMDs are currently recognized. Further understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of LGMD will help identifying novel therapeutic approaches that can be tested in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Electromyographic Evaluation of the Shoulder Muscle after a Fatiguing Isokinetic Protocol in Recreational Overhead Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2516
Author(s):  
Sebastian Klich ◽  
Adam Kawczyński ◽  
Bogdan Pietraszewski ◽  
Matteo Zago ◽  
Aiguo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Overhead Athletes ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Shoulder Girdle Muscles ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Right

The goal of our study was to examine the muscle activity of the shoulder girdle after isokinetic fatigue, which may simulate muscle activities commonly occurring during specific sport-related activities in recreational overhead asymptomatic athletes. We hypothesized that exercise-induced fatigue, reported after isokinetic protocols, may cause a decrease in the median frequency (MF) of the upper trapezius (UT), infraspinatus (IS), and deltoid muscles. Twenty-four male overhead volleyball (n = 8), handball (n = 8), and tennis (n = 8) athletes participated in this study. All subjects were without shoulder injury history. The surface electromyography (SEMG) was collected on the right (dominant) side of the shoulder girdle muscles in the following order: UT, IS and anterior (DA), and posterior deltoideus (DP). The fatigue protocol consisted of three sets of 32 maximum isokinetic concentric contractions while performing shoulder internal and external rotation at an isokinetic speed of 120 o/s. The resultant difference in median frequency (ΔMF) values consistently dropped after the fatiguing tasks across all recorded muscles, in terms of the initial MF (MFINI = 65.1 ± 1.1 Hz) and final MF (MFFIN = 57.9 ± 0.9 Hz), and the main effect of time was significant (F(1,22) = 43.15, p < 0.001). MF values decreased mostly for IS (ΔMFIS = −9.9 ± 1.6 Hz) and DP (ΔMFPD = −9.5 ± 1.9 Hz) muscles, while DA and UT showed smaller changes (ΔMFDA = −6.9 ± 1.5 Hz) and (ΔMFUT = −3.2 ± 1.3 Hz). The results of our study show a meaningful contribution in determining increased fatigue of the shoulder girdle muscles during repeated isokinetic internal-external rotation protocols. We have also demonstrated a significant decrease in MF in all examined muscles, especially IS and DA.

scholarly journals Biomechanical substantiation of the technique of hanging in rock climbing

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
S.V. Kozin
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Kinematic Chain ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Rock Climbing ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics ◽  
Correct Technique

<p><em>The purpose</em> of the work is to identify the main kinematic characteristics of a hanging in rock climbing by athletes of different qualifications and theoretically substantiate the correct technique for performing of a given movement. <em>Material and methods.</em> The technique of hanging performance in bouldering of 20 leading climbers of the World and Ukraine and 20 beginner male amateur climbers was analyzed. The age of athletes was 22.4 ± 3.2 years, body length 178.5 ± 12.5 cm, body weight 72.2 ± 8.5 kg. A qualified athlete took part in a demonstration of various models for performing a hang. Using the Kinovea 0.8.15 computer program, the kinematic characteristics of the two models of technology were analyzed (model 1 — typical for novice athletes, model 2 — typical of qualified athletes) based on determining the angle between the shoulder and shoulder girdle, as well as between the lumbar spine and vertical axis. Results. The main kinematic parameters of vibration in climbing for various models of equipment, characteristic of athletes of different qualifications, are revealed. The presence of significant differences (p &lt;0.001) in the angles between the shoulder and the upper arm, between the lower spine and the vertical axis in the fixation phase of the vis is shown. The angle between the shoulder and shoulder girdle in the first model of technology was 1460, in the second model of technology this angle is 970. The angle between the lumbar spine and the vertical axis was 110 in the first model, in the second model this angle was 280. A theoretical justification of the correct hanging technique climbing in terms of the laws of mechanics and the laws of the interaction of forces in the kinematic chain. Findings. In the first model, vis is carried out mainly due to the ligamentous apparatus of the joints of the shoulder girdle with minimal inclusion of muscles, which is dangerous by injury to the ligaments of the shoulder joint. In the second model, VIS also provides for the inclusion of the muscles of the trunk and legs, which reduces the load on the ligamentous apparatus and reduces the chance of injury to the ligaments of the shoulder joint.</p>

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAIN MUSCLES SHOULDER GIRDLE OF THE AXIAL DEPARTMENT YOUNG SHEEP OF THE QIGAI BREED

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
V.I. KOSILOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Axial Section ◽  
Shoulder Girdle Muscles

The article presents the results of studying the growth and development of the shoulder girdle muscles of the axial section of young sheep of the qigai breed, depending on the gender and physiological state.

Perceived Exertion in Isometric Muscular Contractions Related to Age, Muscle, Force Level and Duration

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Deeb ◽  
Colin G. Drury
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Isometric Contractions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Different Levels

This research was concerned with studying the development and growth of perceived effort of long-term isometric contractions as a function of muscle group (biceps vs quadriceps), of subjects with different age groups (20–29 vs. 50–59 years old) on long-term muscular isometric contractions (5 minutes) at different levels of %MVC (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 %MVC). An experiment testing 20 subjects each performing 10 conditions (two muscle groups × five levels of %MVC) showed that the older age group reported Significantly higher perceived exertion at higher levels of %MVC and across time. Furthermore, subjects experienced a higher and faster increase in their perceived exertion when the level of %MVC and time increased.

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