scholarly journals Anaemia in solitary acyanotic ventricular septal defect in comorbid with pneumonia or pulmonary hypertension: A retrospective study of 75 paediatric cases

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Joseph Changwe ◽  
Haizhou Zhang ◽  
Hongxin Li ◽  
Zeeshan Farhaj ◽  
Marlvin Anemey Tewara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Surgical Closure ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
And Control

Background: Ventricular septal defects (VSD) are the second commonest congenital heart defects after bicuspid aortic valve. When left unrepaired, they can undergo spontaneous closure or elicit a spectrum of complications including pneumonia (PNA) or pulmonary hypertension (PH) with subsequent anaemia. In this retrospective study, we aim to establish and compare the prevalence of anaemia in patients with solitary acyanotic VSD in comorbid with PNA or PH. Methods: A total of 75 case files of patients with solitary acyanotic VSD, who underwent surgical closure or device occlusion had haemoglobin level analysed prior to the procedure. The cohort included patients with (history of) PNA and PH, and asymptomatic. The cohort included 27 females and 48 males with mean age and weight of 8.3±5.72 (3-24) months and 5.9±3.9 (2.7-17.8) kilograms, respectively. Depending on  associated complication and age, the cohort was divided: PNA (A), PH (B) and Control (C); and (I) young children (≥3-6≤) and (II) older children (>6-≤24) months. We used 95 and 105 grams per litre as haemoglobin lower threshold level for (I) and (II), respectively. Results: According to data analysis 27 patients (36%) in total had anaemia. Of the anaemia cohort 16 (59.3%) had PNA, 9 (33.3%) PH and 2 (7.4%) were asymptomatic. Of the cohort, 42 were young children, with anaemia prevalence of 19/42 (45.2%), while 24.2% of the older children had anaemia. Intergroup ANOVA independent sample t-test was significant (p<0.05). In addition, intergroup Tukey HSD test for haemoglobin: A/B (p>0.05), A/C (p<0.01), B/C (p<0.01).  Conclusion: Paediatric patients with acyanotic VSD in comorbid with PNA or PH are 8 and 4 times more susceptible to develop anaemia compared to asymptomatic counterparts. Susceptibility is even higher among young children (3-6months). However, a prospective study is needed to validate our findings.

scholarly journals Anaemia in solitary acyanotic ventricular septal defect in comorbid with pneumonia or pulmonary hypertension: A retrospective study of 75 paediatric cases

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Joseph Changwe ◽  
Haizhou Zhang ◽  
Hongxin Li ◽  
Zeeshan Farhaj ◽  
Marlvin Anemey Tewara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Surgical Closure ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
And Control

Background: Ventricular septal defects (VSD) are the second commonest congenital heart defects after bicuspid aortic valve. When left unrepaired, they can undergo spontaneous closure or elicit a spectrum of complications including pneumonia (PNA) or pulmonary hypertension (PH) with subsequent anaemia. In this retrospective study, we aim to establish and compare the prevalence of anaemia in patients with solitary acyanotic VSD in comorbid with PNA or PH. Methods: A total of 75 case files of patients with solitary acyanotic VSD, who underwent surgical closure or device occlusion had haemoglobin level analysed prior to the procedure. The cohort included patients with (history of) PNA and PH, and asymptomatic. The cohort included 27 females and 48 males with mean age and weight of 8.3±5.72 (3-24) months and 5.9±3.9 (2.7-17.8) kilograms, respectively. Depending on  associated complication and age, the cohort was divided: PNA (A), PH (B) and Control (C); and (I) young children (≥3-6≤) and (II) older children (>6-≤24) months. We used 95 and 105 grams per litre as haemoglobin lower threshold level for (I) and (II), respectively. Results: According to data analysis 27 patients (36%) in total had anaemia. Of the anaemia cohort 16 (59.3%) had PNA, 9 (33.3%) PH and 2 (7.4%) were asymptomatic. Of the cohort, 42 were young children, with anaemia prevalence of 19/42 (45.2%), while 24.2% of the older children had anaemia. Intergroup ANOVA independent sample t-test was significant (p<0.05). In addition, intergroup Tukey HSD test for haemoglobin: A/B (p>0.05), A/C (p<0.01), B/C (p<0.01).  Conclusion: Paediatric patients with acyanotic VSD in comorbid with PNA or PH are 8 and 4 times more susceptible to develop anaemia compared to asymptomatic counterparts. Susceptibility is even higher among young children (3-6months). However, a prospective study is needed to validate our findings.

scholarly journals A population-based retrospective study of the spread of COVID-19 from Wuhan to Henan province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Li ◽  
Xufei Du ◽  
Xinwei Geng ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Yun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Epidemic Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Time Information

Abstract The epidemic of COVID-19 has now spread globally and affected over 110 countries. As of Mar 10th, using publicly available data and official news reports in Henan province, we tracked a total of 1272 cases and a retrospective study was conducted to investigate the related factors in COVID-19 spread and control. We confirmed 554 primary patients had travel or residential history of Wuhan in the recent 2 weeks. Secondary cases accounted for 77.9% (141/181) among all the patients aged 61 or older, in whom contacted with unconfirmed returnees from Wuhan was responsible for 27.0% (38/141). The median incubate period is 7 (IQR, 4-10) days by analyzing time information in 469 cases. For 442 patients with discharge dates, the duration from onset to cure is 19 (IQR, 15-23) days. The time from onset to seeking care at a hospital varied in age groups, and differed between primary and secondary cases. Patients visiting different hospitals affected the time from seeking care to cure. Thus, our results showed the spread of COVID-19 and factors associated with outcomes of patients in Henan province, which helps to understand the epidemiological features outside of the epidemic area and control the disease in other regions and countries.

scholarly journals Nasal Aesthetic Evaluation Following Pre-Surgical Naso-Alveolar Molding Application: A Single-Blinded Cohort Retrospective Study in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Kristaninta Bangun ◽  
Chaula Luthfia Sukasah ◽  
Jenisa Amanda Sandiarini Kamayana ◽  
Adi Basuki ◽  
Jessica Halim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Dome Height ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aesthetic Unit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Palate Repair ◽  
Prior Application ◽  
And Control

Introduction: As a major facial aesthetic unit, the nose is one of the significant features in cleft lip and palate repair. The use of a naso-alveolar molding (NAM) device was known to help narrow the cleft gap and improve nasal aesthetics. This study aims to evaluate post-operative nasal morphology in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients who had used presurgical NAM, particularly in an established craniofacial centre in one of developing countries. Methods: A cohort retrospective study was conducted at Cleft Craniofacial Centre, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Indonesia, comparing the nasal symmetry in unilateral cleft lip patients with and without prior application of NAM (NAM and control group), twelve months following primary cheiloplasty. Differences between the cleft and normal side were assessed using standard basilar view photographs based on five points nasal measurements. Results: A total of twelve patients were enrolled, six with a history of NAM application and six without (control). Overall nasal measurements confirmed a lower mean of differences in the NAM group compared to the control, showing statistically significant results in nostril height, nasal dome height, and columellar height (p <0.05). Conclusion: This study provides an insight that cleft lip patients with a history of NAM application had superior nasal symmetry compared to patients without presurgical NAM application 1-year post-cheiloplasty. Presurgical NAM application is recommended for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Acoustic Evidence for the Development of Gestural Coordination in the Speech of 2-Year-Olds

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth W. Goodell ◽  
Michael Studdert-Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Older Children ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experimental Support ◽  
Children First ◽  
Clear Shift ◽  
And Control

Studies of child phonology have often assumed that young children first master a repertoire of phonemes and then build their lexicon by forming combinations of these abstract, contrastive units. However, evidence from children’s systematic errors suggests that children first build a repertoire of words as integral sequences of gestures and then gradually differentiate these sequences into their gestural and segmental components. Recently, experimental support for this position has been found in the acoustic records of the speech of 3-, 5-, and 7-year-old children, suggesting that even in older children some phonemes have not yet fully segregated as units of gestural organization and control. The present longitudinal study extends this work to younger children (22- and 32-month-olds). Results demonstrate clear differences in the duration and coordination of gestures between children and adults, and a clear shift toward the patterns of adult speakers during roughly the third year of life. Details of the child-adult differences and developmental changes vary from one aspect of an utterance to another.

The Morbidity of Non-Operative Treatment of Possible Appendicitis

1968 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. R. Howie
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Operative Treatment ◽  
Past History ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Favourable Prognosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Prospective Study

No attempt has previously been made to assess the morbidity of non-operative treatment of possible appendicitis. This paper uses the need for appendicectomy at a later date as the main criterion of morbidity. On the basis of a prospective study of 209 patients and a retrospective study of 1,284 patients, it appears that about 25 per cent of patients admitted to hospital with possible appendicitis but not operated on, require appendicectomy at a later date. In addition, only some 57 per cent of patients treated non-operatively do not again have pain. The presence of a past history of similar pain appears to prejudice unfavourably the results of non-operative treatment. Patients who return quickly to work and are not allowed to think that they have had appendicitis are the most likely to have a favourable prognosis.

Neonatal oncology: Diagnostics and management

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Dusanka Dobanovacki ◽  
Nada Vuckovic ◽  
Smiljana Marinkovic ◽  
Jovanka Kolarovic ◽  
Svetlana Bukarica
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
History Of

Tumors are rarely diagnosed in newborns. Natural history of such tumors, their type, and response to treatment differ from those seen in older children. The etiology is still unclear. In this paper, a retrospective study is presented of diagnostics and management of neonatal tumors from 2008 to 2012. Out of 518 neonatal admissions in that period, tumors were diagnosed in 15 patients (2.8%), in only 3 of them (20.0%) prenatally. The diagnosed tumors were teratomas (4), retroperitoneal (4), and liver tumors (7). Ten of them (66.6%) had a natural history of benign tumors. Complete surgical excision was the treatment of choice in 10 (66.6%) cases and there was no need for adjuvant chemotherapy.

scholarly journals A Descriptive Analysis of Pediatric Transports Throughout the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (7-8) ◽  
pp. e743-e748
Author(s):  
Ashley E Sam ◽  
Mitchell T Hamele ◽  
Renée I Matos ◽  
Angela M Fagiana ◽  
Matthew A Borgman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Civilian Employees ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pediatric Subspecialty ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background The U.S. Indo-Pacific Command (INDOPACOM) has over 375,000 military personnel, civilian employees, and their dependents. Routine pediatric care is available in theater, but pediatric subspecialty, surgical, and intensive care often require patient movement. Transfer is frequently performed by military air evacuation teams and intermittently augmented by civilian services. Pediatric care requires special training and equipment, yet most transports are staffed by non-pediatric specialists. We seek to describe the epidemiology of pediatric transport missions in INDOPACOM. Methods A retrospective review of all patients less than 18 years old transported within INDOPACOM and logged into the Transportation Command Regulating and Command and Control Evacuation System (TRAC2ES) database from June 2008 through June 2018 was conducted. Data are reported using descriptive statistics. Patients were categorized into four age groups: neonatal (&lt;31 days), infant (31-364 days), young children (1 to &lt;8 years), and older children (8-17 years). Results During the study period, 687 out of 4,217 (16.3%) transports were children. Median age was 4 years (interquartile range 6 months to 8 years) and 654 patients (95.2%) were transported via military fixed-wing aircraft. There were 219 (31.9%) neonates, 162 (23.6%) infants, 133 (19.4%) young children, and 173 (25.2%) older children. Most common diagnoses encountered were respiratory, cardiac, or abdominal, although older children had a higher percentage of psychiatric diagnoses (28%). Mechanical ventilation was used in 118 (17.2%) patients, and 75 (63.6%) of these patients were neonates. Conclusions Within TRAC2ES, nearly one in six encounters were patients aged &lt;18 years, with neonates or infants representing nearly one of three pediatric encounters. Slightly more than one in six pediatric patients required intubation for transport. The data suggest the need for appropriately trained transport teams and equipment be provided to support these missions.

scholarly journals Resistance to K. pneumoniae in young children with congenital heart defects

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
V. N. Ilina ◽  
O. V. Strunin ◽  
L. M. Samoylova ◽  
Yu. N. Gorbatykh ◽  
O. N. Solovev
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Third ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
A Prospective Study

Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the leading agents of nosocomial infections (NI). In Russia, Klebsiella pneumoniae is the third in frequency of gram-negative pathogen NI. For a long time one of the major clinically relevant mechanisms of acquired resistance to K. pneumoniae is multidrug resistance caused by extended spectrum -lactamase production (ESBL). Carbapenems show the greatest resistance to the action of ESB. However, now there exist registered strains of K.pneumoniae resistant to carbapenems. In connection with this in 2008 we conducted a prospective study on resistance to K. pneumoniae in young children being treated at ICU. It was found out that resistance to III-IV-generation cephalosporines, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides is determined by production of ESBL, while resistance to carbapenems occurs due to reduction of permeability of cell membranes, in combination with production of ESBL. Some features of patients colonized with multidrug-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae are described.

Screening for haemorrhagic disorders in paediatric patients by means of a questionnaire

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S87-S89 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Music ◽  
M. Novak ◽  
B. Acham-Roschitz ◽  
W. Muntean
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Infants And Young Children

SummaryAim: In children, screening for haemorrhagic disorders is further complicated by the fact that infants and young children with mild disease in many cases most likely will not have a significant history of easy bruising or bleeding making the efficacy of a questionnaire even more questionable. Patients, methods: We compared the questionnaires of a group of 88 children in whom a haemorrhagic disorder was ruled out by rigorous laboratory investigation to a group of 38 children with mild von Willebrand disease (VWD). Questionnaires about child, mother and father were obtained prior to the laboratory diagnosis on the occasion of routine preoperative screening. Results: 23/38 children with mild VWD showed at least one positive question in the questionnaire, while 21/88 without laboratory signs showed at least one positive question. There was a trend to more specific symptoms in older children. Three or more positive questions were found only in VWD patients, but only in a few of the control group. The question about menstrual bleeding in mothers did not differ significantly. Sensitivity of the questionnaire for a hemostatic disorder was 0.60, while specifity was 0.76. The negative predictive value was 0.82, but the positive predictive value was only 0.52. Conclusions: Our small study shows, that a questionnaire yields good results to exclude a haemostatic disorder, but is not a sensitive tool to identify such a disorder.

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