scholarly journals Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype specific anti-microbial susceptibility profiles among PCV-10 vaccinated and unvaccinated children attending Gertrude’s Children’s Hospital: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1699
Author(s):  
Michael Walekhwa ◽  
Margaret Muturi ◽  
Eucharia Kenya ◽  
Beatrice Kabera
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Daycare Centers ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Children’S Hospital

Background: The spread of antimicrobial resistance threatens effective control and treatment of pneumococcal disease worldwide. In Kenya, an estimated one in every five children dies from pneumococcal disease every year. Of these, ≥50% are attributable to antibiotic resistance. Consequently, the WHO has recommended that continuous regional surveillance be done to detect early resistance to available antibiotics and make necessary changes. We therefore investigated antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae among PCV-10 vaccinated and unvaccinated children ≤5 years old at Gertrude's Children’s Hospital. Methods: A 0.5 McFarland standard of freshly subcultured organisms were inoculated on Mueller–Hinton plates with 5% sheep blood agar. A standard disk dispenser was used to dispense various antibiotic disks on the Mueller–Hinton agar plate. Incubation was done overnight (20-24 hours) at 37oC in 5% CO2 and clearance zones read using a Vanier caliber. Antimicrobials tested included vancomycin (30µg, ≥17mm); erythromycin (15µg, ≥21mm); clindamycin (2µg, ≥19mm); oxacillin (1µg, ≥19mm) and ceftriaxone (1µg, ≥30mm). Results: Thirty nine (92.86%) Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to erythromycin; 39 (92.86%) were susceptible to vancomycin; eight (19.86%) Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to oxacillin, while 34 (80.95%) were non-susceptible; 40 (95.24%) isolates were susceptible to clindamycin; and 24 (57.86%) isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, while 18 (42.86%) were non-susceptible. Children who attended daycare centers exhibited a four-fold significant risk of being resistant to ceftriaxone. All antibiotics studied were effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae except oxacillin and ceftriaxone, which exhibited high levels of non-susceptibility. Attendance of daycare centers, consumption of antibiotics two weeks prior to collection of sample and subject age were shown to be associated with an increased risk of Streptococcus pneumoniae being resistant to penicillins and ceftriaxone. Conclusions: The law guiding use of antibiotics in Kenya should be meritoriously enforced to curb abuse of the available antibiotics.

Serotype Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease at Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital in Rome: Is It Time for a New Vaccine?

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 013-015
Author(s):  
Elena Bozzola ◽  
Andrzej Krzysztofiak ◽  
Annausa Pantosti ◽  
Laura Lancella ◽  
Paola Bernaschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDiseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are mostly preventable infections by current immunization programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the introduction of the heptavalent and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7 and PCV13) on the burden of pneumococcal disease and on the serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae causing invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) in the pediatric age over a 5-year study (from January 2008 till December 2012). We observed a decrease in IPD rate in children after PCV13 introduction despite increases in nonvaccine serotype (NVS) rates in 2011. Nevertheless, from 2012, an increase in IPD rates due to non-PCV13 serotypes was observed.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive System for Identifying Patients With Type 1 Diabetes at Increased Risk for Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Texas Children's Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Schwartz ◽  
Mili Vakharia ◽  
Serife Uysal ◽  
Kristen R. Hendrix ◽  
Kelly Fegan-Bohm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Care Center ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pediatric Endocrinology ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Pediatric Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Children’S Hospital

Texas Children’s Hospital, located in Houston, TX, is the largest pediatric hospital in the United States, with 973 inpatient beds and extensive outpatient clinics and services. It is the primary pediatric teaching hospital of Baylor College of Medicine. The Texas Children’s Endocrine and Diabetes Care Center is one of the largest pediatric endocrinology and diabetes centers in the country, with three inpatient facilities and seven ambulatory clinics. The service is staffed by a multidisciplinary team that includes endocrinologists, endocrine fellows, advanced practice providers, certified diabetes care and education specialists (CDCES), dietitians, social workers, and consulting psychologists. Almost 500 youth with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes are admitted to the hospital each year, with a total pediatric diabetes population of >3,400 patients.

scholarly journals Effect of priming polymorphonuclear leukocytes with cytokines (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF] and G-CSF) on the host resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae in chinchillas infected with influenza A virus

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1929-1934
Author(s):  
JS Abramson ◽  
HR Hudnor
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Patients infected with influenza A virus (IAV) are at increased risk for bacterial superinfections, and this occurs in association with depressed polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) function. Recently, we reported that in vitro exposure of human PMNL to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) reverses IAV-induced cell dysfunction. The present study used an established animal model of IAV infection to examine whether G-CSF and/or GM-CSF can overcome IAV- induced PMNL dysfunction and thereby prevent secondary infections. Preliminary studies determined a dosing schedule of these cytokines that caused significant priming of chinchilla PMNL. In subsequent studies, animals were inoculated intranasally with IAV (day 1) followed 3 days later by Streptococcus pneumoniae, and administered daily intraperitoneal injections with a cytokine or placebo on days 3 through 9. Animals had blood obtained on multiple occasions for PMNL studies, and were followed-up for evidence of pneumococcal disease. Both cytokines caused significant priming of the PMNL chemiluminescence response and this was associated with reversal of the IAV-induced PMNL dysfunction. However, neither cytokine decreased the incidence of pneumococcal disease.

scholarly journals Celiac disease and complement activation in response to Streptococcus pneumoniae

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Anna Röckert Tjernberg ◽  
Hanna Woksepp ◽  
Kerstin Sandholm ◽  
Marcus Johansson ◽  
Charlotte Dahle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Complement Activation ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Individuals with celiac disease (CD) are at increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). The aim of this study was to explore whether the complement response to Streptococcus pneumoniae differed according to CD status, and could serve as an explanation for the excess risk of IPD in CD. Twenty-two children with CD and 18 controls, born 1999–2008, were included at Kalmar County Hospital, Sweden. The degree of complement activation was evaluated by comparing levels of activation products C3a and sC5b-9 in plasma incubated for 30 min with Streptococcus pneumoniae and in non-incubated plasma. Complement analyses were performed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pneumococcal stimulation caused a statistically significant increase in C3a as well as sC5b-9 in both children with CD and controls but there was no difference in response between the groups. After incubation, C3a increased on average 4.6 times and sC5b-9 22 times in both the CD and the control group (p = 0.497 and p = 0.724 respectively). Conclusion: Complement response to Streptococcus pneumoniae seems to be similar in children with and without CD and is thus unlikely to contribute to the increased susceptibility to invasive pneumococcal disease in CD.What is Known:• An excess risk of pneumococcal infections has been demonstrated in individuals with celiac disease.• Infectious complications can depend on hyposplenism but alternative mechanisms are sparsely examined.What is New:• Complement activation in response to Streptococcus pneumoniae was examined in children with and without celiac disease but no differences could be demonstrated.

scholarly journals Predictors and Outcome of Admission for Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections at a Canadian Children's Hospital

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Laupland ◽  
H. D. Davies ◽  
J. D. Kellner ◽  
N.-L. Luzod ◽  
T. Karan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital
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