scholarly journals Comparison of WHO growth standard and national Indonesian growth reference in determining prevalence and determinants of stunting and underweight in children under five: a cross-sectional study from Musi sub-district

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Jeannie Flynn ◽  
Firas Farisi Alkaff ◽  
William Putera Sukmajaya ◽  
Sovia Salamah
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
National Reference ◽  
Growth Standard ◽  
Growth Reference

Background: Determination of stunting and wasting always uses the WHO growth standard in Indonesia. However, it is believed that Indonesian children are “below” the global standard, thus the WHO standard is not reliable to present the actual prevalence. This study aims to compare the prevalence and determinants of stunting and underweight using WHO growth standard and national Indonesian growth reference. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Musi sub-district, East Nusa Tenggara province in July 2019. East Nusa Tenggara province had the highest prevalence of stunting and underweight in Indonesia. The study population were children under five, and total sampling method was used for this study. Length/height-for-age and weight-for-age were plotted using WHO standard and national Indonesian reference. Univariate and multivariate binomial logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of stunting and underweight were higher for the WHO standard than the national reference (53.9% vs 10.7% and 29.17% vs 17.7%; all p < 0.001). After adjusted for confounding factors, when the WHO standard was used, determinants of stunting were maternal mid-upper arm circumference below 23.5cm and maternal height below 150cm; determinants of underweight were intrauterine growth restriction, young maternal age during pregnancy, and multiple parities. When the national reference was used, no determinants was found for stunting; the determinants of underweight were intrauterine growth restriction and maternal education. Conclusions: The WHO standard is not suitable for representing child growth in Musi sub-district. Future studies should be done to re-evaluate the prevalence and determinants of stunting and underweight nationwide using the national Indonesian reference.

scholarly journals Comparison of WHO growth standard and national Indonesian growth reference in determining prevalence and determinants of stunting and underweight in children under five: a cross-sectional study from Musi sub-district

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Jeannie Flynn ◽  
Firas Farisi Alkaff ◽  
William Putera Sukmajaya ◽  
Sovia Salamah
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
National Reference ◽  
Growth Standard ◽  
Growth Reference

Background: Determination of stunting and wasting always uses the WHO growth standard in Indonesia. However, it is believed that Indonesian children are “below” the global standard, thus the WHO standard is not reliable to present the actual prevalence. This study aims to compare the prevalence and determinants of stunting and underweight using WHO growth standard and national Indonesian growth reference. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Musi sub-district, East Nusa Tenggara province in July 2019. East Nusa Tenggara province had the highest prevalence of stunting and underweight in Indonesia. The study population were children under five, and total sampling method was used for this study. Length/height-for-age and weight-for-age were plotted using WHO standard and national Indonesian reference. Univariate and multivariate binomial logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of stunting and underweight were higher for the WHO standard than the national reference (53.9% vs 10.7% and 29.17% vs 17.7%; all p < 0.001). After adjusted for confounding factors, when the WHO standard was used, determinants of stunting were maternal mid-upper arm circumference below 23.5cm and maternal height below 150cm; determinants of underweight were intrauterine growth restriction, young maternal age during pregnancy, and multiple parities. When the national reference was used, no determinants was found for stunting; the determinants of underweight were intrauterine growth restriction and maternal education. Conclusions: The WHO standard is not suitable for representing child growth in Musi sub-district. Future studies should be done to re-evaluate the prevalence and determinants of stunting and underweight nationwide using the national Indonesian reference.

scholarly journals Comparison of WHO growth standard and national Indonesian growth reference in determining prevalence and determinants of stunting and underweight in children under five: a cross-sectional study from Musi sub-district

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Jeannie Flynn ◽  
Firas Farisi Alkaff ◽  
William Putera Sukmajaya ◽  
Sovia Salamah
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
National Reference ◽  
Growth Standard ◽  
Growth Reference

Background: Determination of stunting and wasting always uses the WHO growth standard in Indonesia. However, it is believed that Indonesian children are “below” the global standard, thus the WHO standard is not reliable to present the actual prevalence. This study aims to compare the prevalence and determinants of stunting and underweight using WHO growth standard and national Indonesian growth reference. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Musi sub-district, East Nusa Tenggara province in July 2019. East Nusa Tenggara province had the highest prevalence of stunting and underweight in Indonesia. The study population were children under five, and total sampling method was used for this study. Length/height-for-age and weight-for-age were plotted using WHO standard and national Indonesian reference. Univariate and multivariate binomial logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of stunting and underweight were higher for the WHO standard than the national reference (53.9% vs 10.7% and 29.17% vs 17.7%; all p < 0.001). After adjusted for confounding factors, when the WHO standard was used, determinants of stunting were maternal mid-upper arm circumference below 23.5cm and maternal height below 150cm; determinants of underweight were intrauterine growth restriction, young maternal age during pregnancy, and multiple parities. When the national reference was used, no determinants was found for stunting; the determinants of underweight were intrauterine growth restriction and maternal education. Conclusions: The WHO standard is not suitable for representing child growth in Musi sub-district. Future studies should be done to re-evaluate the prevalence and determinants of stunting and underweight nationwide using the national Indonesian reference.

scholarly journals Comparison of WHO and Indonesian growth standards in determining prevalence and determinants of stunting and underweight in children under five: a cross-sectional study from Musi sub-district

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Jeannie Flynn ◽  
Firas Farisi Alkaff ◽  
William Putera Sukmajaya ◽  
Sovia Salamah
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Background: Undernutrition among children under five continues to be a critical global public health challenge, especially in developing countries. However, it is believed that Indonesian children are “below” the global standard, thus the WHO standard is not reliable to present the actual prevalence. This study aims to compare the difference between WHO and Indonesian growth standards regarding prevalence of stunting and underweight and its determinants. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in Musi sub-district, East Nusa Tenggara province in July 2019. East Nusa Tenggara province had the highest prevalence of stunting and underweight in Indonesia. The study population were children under five, and total sampling method was used for this study. Length/height-for-age and weight-for-age were plotted using WHO and national standards. Univariate and multivariate binomial logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of stunting and underweight were higher for the WHO than the national standard (53.9% vs 10.7% and 29.17% vs 17.7%; all p < 0.001). Determinants of stunting were maternal mid-upper arm circumference below 23.5cm and maternal height below 150cm when the WHO standard was used, and no determinant was found when the national standard was used. Determinants of underweight were intrauterine growth restriction, young maternal age during pregnancy, and multiple parities when the WHO standard was used. When the national standard was used, the determinants of underweight were intrauterine growth restriction and maternal education. Conclusions: The WHO standard over-diagnosed stunting and underweight in Musi sub-district. Future studies should be done to re-evaluate the prevalence and determinants of stunting and underweight nationwide using the Indonesian standard.

scholarly journals Asthma prevalence, lung and cardiovascular function in adolescents born preterm

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Arroyas ◽  
Cristina Calvo ◽  
Santiago Rueda ◽  
Maria Esquivias ◽  
Cristina Gonzalez-Menchen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Function ◽  
Current Asthma ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Very Preterm

AbstractOur main objective was to study respiratory evolution and pulmonary and cardiac function in adolescents born preterm in the post-surfactant era. Observational cross-sectional study, comparing very preterm (< 32 weeks) and moderately-late preterm adolescents (≥ 32 weeks) (74 each group). We recorded respiratory symptoms, spirometry and functional echocardiogram. Very preterm adolescents required more respiratory admissions (45.9% vs. 28.4%) (p = 0.03, OR 2.1, CI95% 1.1–4.2) and had more current asthma (21.6% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.04, OR 2.3, CI95% 1.1–5.2). Preterm subjects with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) presented lower FEV1 (88.7 ± 13.9 vs. 95.9 ± 13.3, p = 0.027) and lower FVC (88.2 ± 13.6 vs. 95.5 ± 13.3, p = 0.025). When assessing right ventricle, very preterm showed a greater E/E’ ratio (p = 0.02) and longer myocardial performance index (MPI) (p = 0.001). Adolescents with IUGR showed less shortening fraction (p = 0.016), worse E/E′ ratio (p = 0.029) and longer MPI (p = 0.06). Regarding left ventricle, very preterm showed less E′ wave velocity (p = 0.03), greater E/E′ ratio (p = 0.005) and longer MPI (p < 0.001). Gestational age < 32 weeks is independently associated with current asthma in adolescence. Children 13–14 years old born very preterm required more respiratory admissions and had poorer diastolic and global function of both ventricles. IUGR is a risk factor for poorer lung function in preterm adolescents, regardless gestational age.

scholarly journals Low birthweight, prematurity, and intrauterine growth restriction: results from the baseline data of the first indigenous birth cohort in Brazil (Guarani Birth Cohort)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Tatiana Garcia Barreto ◽  
Felipe Guimarães Tavares ◽  
Mariza Theme-Filha ◽  
Yasmin Nascimento Farias ◽  
Lídia de Nazaré Pantoja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Abstract Background Low birthweight (LBW) remains an important global health problem, associated with a range of adverse life-course health outcomes. Evidence suggests that LBW is a relevant determinant of morbidity and mortality in indigenous groups, who generally have limited access to public policies on health and nutrition. Knowledge of the prevalence of LBW and its underlying causes can contribute essential steps to the prevention of its health effects. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence rates of LBW, prematurity, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and to investigate their determinants in the first indigenous birth cohort in Brazil. Methods This cross-sectional study used baseline data collected from the first indigenous birth cohort in Brazil, the Guarani Birth Cohort. Brazil is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world, with 305 indigenous peoples and 274 native languages. The Guarani are one of the five largest ethnic groups, with villages located mostly in the southern region. All singleton births from June 1, 2014, to May 31, 2016, were selected in 63 Guarani indigenous villages in the South and Southeast regions. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression was performed. Results Prevalence rates for LBW, prematurity, and IUGR were 15.5, 15.6, and 5.7%, respectively. The odds of LBW were lower in newborns of mothers living in brick and mortar housing (OR: 0.25; 95%CI: 0.07–0.84) and were higher in children of mothers ≤20 years of age (OR: 2.4; 95%CI: 1.29–4.44) and with chronic anemia before pregnancy (OR: 6.41; 95% CI: 1.70–24.16). Prematurity was statistically associated with the type of energy source for cooking (wood-burning stove – OR: 3.87; 95%CI: 1.71–8.78 and bonfires – OR: 2.57; 95%CI: 1.31–5.01). IUGR was associated with primiparity (OR: 4.66; 95%CI: 1.68–12.95) and chronic maternal anemia before pregnancy (OR: 7.21; 95%CI: 1.29–40.38). Conclusions Maternal age, nutritional status, and parity, housing conditions, and exposure to indoor pollution were associated with perinatal outcomes in the Guarani indigenous population. These results indicate the need to invest in access to, and improvement of, prenatal care; also in strengthening the Indigenous Healthcare Subsystem, and in inter-sector actions for the development of housing policies and sanitation and environmental improvements adjusted to needs and knowledge of the indigenous people.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION (IUGR) PLACENTAS VERSUS NORMAL PLACENTAS IN PREGNANT WOMEN OF DISTRICT RAWALPINDI, PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Nazma Kiran ◽  
Nadia Aslam ◽  
Tahira Tabassum ◽  
Saadia Kanwal ◽  
Tanveer Zia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a principal cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The placenta, as a vector for maternal-fetal nutrient and oxygen exchange has major influence on birthweight. The objectives of this study were to compare the placental weight (grams), number of syncytial knots and number of blood vessels in villi of IUGR placentas versus normal placentas. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Rai Medical College, Sargodha, Pakistan in collaboration with Zainab Memorial Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from December 2016 to November 2018. Study group included 45 IUGR placentas and control group included 25 normal placentas. Placental weight in grams, number of syncytial knots and number of blood vessels in villi of placentas were three research variables. These were described by mean, minimum, maximum, range and standard deviation for each group separately and were compared between the two groups through independent-samples t-test. Results: Descriptively the mean placental weight in grams in IUGR group (423.35±64.13g) was lower than control group placentas (535.92±44.57g). The number of syncytial knots in IUGR group placentas (22.04±5.21) was more than control group placentas (13.84±4.41). The number of blood vessels in IUGR placentas was lower than control group placentas. All three null hypothesis for research variables between the two groups were rejected (p=

scholarly journals Impact of Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene on Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease and Associated Factors among Under-Five Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Selected Woredas of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Agune Ashole Alto ◽  
Wanzahun Godana ◽  
Genet Gedamu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gamo Gofa

Background. Diarrheal diseases are still one of the major causes of morbidity in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, diarrhea is responsible for 9% of all deaths and is the major cause of under-five mortality. Objective. To assess the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of diarrheal disease and factors associated among under-five children in Gamo Gofa Zone. Methods. Community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was used to compare the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene intervention on under-five diarrheal disease. Multistage sampling method was employed. The data were collected by using pretested structured questionnaires. Data quality was ensured by daily supervision completeness and consistency. The data were coded, entered, and cleaned by using Epi Info version 7 and were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were carried out by using binary logistic regression. Significance was declared by using p value of <0.05 and AOR with 95% confidence intervals. Results. The response rate of this study was 93.3%. The overall diarrhea prevalence was 27.5% (CI = (24.06, 30.97)) which was 18.9% (CI = (14.94, 23.2)) in implemented and 36.2%. (CI = (30.41, 41.59)) in nonimplemented woredas. Children whose age was between 12 and 23 months (AOR = 1.6) and greater than 24 months (AOR = 5), availability of handwashing facilities (AOR = 4), disposal of waste in open field (AOR = 9.7), unimproved source of drinking water (AOR = 6.5), using only water for handwashing (AOR = 6), children who started complementary feeding less than 6 months (AOR = 5.6) and greater than 6 months (AOR = 5.2), and utensils used to feed children such as bottle (AOR = 3.9) were the factors positively associated with diarrhea. Conclusion. The overall prevalence of under-five diarrhea was 27.5%. The prevalence was low in CLTSH woredas as compared with non-CLTSH woredas. The study showed that handwashing facility, using only water for handwashing, open refuse disposal, and unimproved source of drinking water among under-five had a statistically significant association with diarrhea occurrence in CLTSH nonimplemented areas. Integrated efforts are needed from the Ministry of Health together with the WASH Project in improving drinking water, handwashing facilities, and solid waste disposal practices.

Diabetes and pre-eclampsia affecting pregnancy: a retrospective cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram R Kalagiri ◽  
Niraj Vora ◽  
Jessica L Wilson ◽  
Syeda H Afroze ◽  
Venkata N Raju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
Post Hoc

The interaction between pre-eclampsia and diabetes mellitus (DM) is far from being completely understood. In this study, we compared normal pregnancies with those complicated with pre-eclampsia, gestational DM, and/or pre-existing diabetes to assess the effects of hyperglycemia on placental development. AnInstitutional Review Board (IRB) approved retrospective cross-sectional study with 621 subjects was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using Duncan’s post hoc test and analysis of variance. Regardless of diabetes status, patients with pre-eclampsia delivered prematurely. Patients in the group with pre-eclampsia and pregestational diabetes delivered much earlier, at 35.0±0.4 weeks, when compared with the patients that had pre-eclampsia with gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia with no diabetes (*P<0.05 for each). Additionally, patients with pre-existing diabetes who developed pre-eclampsia delivered smaller babies than those with pre-existing diabetes without pre-eclampsia (1.00±0.03, P<0.05 for each). Pre-existing diabetes with added insult of pre-eclampsia led to fetal growth restriction. This outcome validates the understanding that elevated glucose earlier in pregnancy alters placentogenesis and leads to fetal growth restriction.

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