scholarly journals Risk factors and experiences of prepartum depression in urban- low-income settlement Nairobi Kenya: a mixed-method study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1495
Author(s):  
Beatrice A. Madeghe ◽  
Wambui Kogi-Makau ◽  
Sophia Ngala ◽  
Manasi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Prepartum Depression

Background: Prepartum depression is common among pregnant women and has not been studied much in low and middle-income countries. Evidence shows that mental illnesses are prevalent in urban than in rural areas. The study objective was to determine the magnitude of prepartum depression, risk factors, and real-life experiences of depression among pregnant women. Method: A mixed-method cross-sectional study was conducted. It included 262 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in two public health facilities in urban low-income settlement Nairobi, Kenya. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) with cut-off >13 was used to classify clinical depressive illness. Further, a focus group discussion was conducted with 20 women identified with depression. Univariable analysis with Odd's Ratio was used to test associations. Variables with a p<0.05 in multivariable regression were considered significant. Result: Out of the 262 women, 33.6% were found to have clinical depression as indicated by EPDS score of >13. Women's gestational age was statistically significantly associated with prepartum depression [OR 4.27 (95% C.I. 2.08 - 8.79), p < 0.001]. Income level ≤ 5000 KES was statistically significantly associated with prepartum depression [OR 3.64 (95% C.I.1.25 -10.60), p=0.018]. Further, thematic analysis of qualitative indicated that poverty, lack of social support, domestic violence, and unfriendly health care were major contributors to prepartum depression. Conclusion: Significant numbers of pregnant women were found to experience depression. This prevalence rate indicates a high disease burden of women who live with depression, which is not diagnosed because screening of depression is not done in primary health care centers. This study calls for a need and consideration for screening for perinatal depression in primary health care facilities, mainly in resource-poor areas. Interventions targeting means of resolving conflicts in families are highly needed. Such steps would help achieve key sustainable development goals where maternal and child health remains key priority.

scholarly journals Risk factors and experiences of prepartum depression among pregnant women in urban- low income in Nairobi Kenya: a mixed-method study

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1495
Author(s):  
Beatrice A. Madeghe ◽  
Wambui Kogi-Makau ◽  
Sophia Ngala ◽  
Manasi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Prepartum Depression

Background: Prepartum depression is common among pregnant women and has not been studied much in low and middle-income countries. Evidence shows that mental illnesses are more prevalent in urban than in rural areas. The study objective was to determine the magnitude of prepartum depression, risk factors, and real-life experiences of depression among pregnant women. Method: A mixed-method cross-sectional study was conducted. It included 262 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in two public health facilities in the urban low-income settlement of Nairobi, Kenya. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) with cut-off >13 was used to classify clinical depressive illness. Further, a focus group discussion was conducted with 20 women identified with the depression. Bivariate analysis with Odd's Ratio was used to test associations. Variables with a p<0.05 in multivariate were considered significant. Result: Out of the 262 women, 33.6% were found to have prepartum depression as indicated by an EPDS score of >13. Women's gestational age in the second trimester (87.5%) was statistically significantly associated with prepartum depression (p<0.001). Income levels <10,000 KES (58%) were statistically significantly associated with prepartum depression (p<0.001). Further, thematic analysis of qualitative data indicated that poverty, lack of social support, domestic violence, and unfriendly health care were major contributors to prepartum depression. Conclusion: Significant numbers of pregnant women were found to experience depression. This prevalence rate indicates a high disease burden of women who live with depression, which is not diagnosed because screening of depression is not done in primary health care centers. This study calls for a need and consideration for screening for perinatal depression in primary health care facilities, mainly in resource-poor areas. Interventions targeting means of resolving conflicts in families are highly needed. Such steps would help achieve key sustainable development goals where maternal and child health remains a key priority.

scholarly journals Risk factors and experiences of prepartum depression in urban- low-income settlement Nairobi Kenya: a mixed-method study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1495
Author(s):  
Beatrice A. Madeghe ◽  
Wambui Kogi-Makau ◽  
Sophia Ngala ◽  
Manasi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Prepartum Depression

Background: Prepartum depression is common among pregnant women and has not been studied much in low and middle-income countries. Evidence shows that mental illnesses are prevalent in urban than in rural areas. The study objective was to determine the magnitude of prepartum depression, risk factors, and real-life experiences of depression among pregnant women. Method: A mixed-method cross-sectional study was conducted. It included 262 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in two public health facilities in urban low-income settlement Nairobi, Kenya. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) with cut-off >13 was used to classify clinical depressive illness. Further, a focus group discussion was conducted with 20 women identified with depression. Univariable analysis with Odd's Ratio was used to test associations. Variables with a p<0.05 in multivariable regression were considered significant. Result: Out of the 262 women, 33.6% were found to have prepartum depression as indicated by EPDS score of >13. Women's gestational age was statistically significantly associated with depression [OR 3.37; (95% C.I 1.60 - 7.10); p <0.001] Income levels <10,000 KES was statistically significantly associated with prepartum depression [OR 0.39; (95%; C.I 0.23 – 0.66); p <0.001].  Further, thematic analysis of qualitative indicated that poverty, lack of social support, domestic violence, and unfriendly health care were major contributors to prepartum depression. Conclusion: Significant numbers of pregnant women were found to experience depression. This prevalence rate indicates a high disease burden of women who live with depression, which is not diagnosed because screening of depression is not done in primary health care centers. This study calls for a need and consideration for screening for perinatal depression in primary health care facilities, mainly in resource-poor areas. Interventions targeting means of resolving conflicts in families are highly needed. Such steps would help achieve key sustainable development goals where maternal and child health remains key priority.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Pregnant Women Towards Antenatal Care Services Provided in Primary Health Care Facilities of Mbombela Municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 569-575
Author(s):  
Lucia Drigo ◽  
Masane Luvhengo ◽  
Rachel T. Lebese ◽  
Lufuno Makhado
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Primary Health Care Facilities

Background: Pregnant woman’s personal experience of antenatal care services can either be positive or negative; however, knowledge and experience appear to be of paramount importance in shaping their attitudes towards any healthcare-related services. This implies that women's experience of antenatal care services may affect their decision for seeking antenatal care in their present pregnancy, which can lead them to delay seeking care. Purpose: This study sought to explore the attitudes of pregnant women towards antenatal care services provided in primary health care facilities of Mbombela Municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Methods: A qualitative exploratory descriptive study design was used for this study. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample pregnant women who fail to attend antenatal services as expected. Data were collected through face to face unstructured in-depth interview. A total of eighteen pregnant women participated in the study until data saturation. Data were analysed using Tech’s method of analysis. Results: Results revealed the following theme and sub-themes: Attitudes of pregnant women related to individual perceptions, perceived barriers to utilizing antenatal care services,’ attitudes of healthcare providers, long waiting times in healthcare facilities, lack privacy and confidentiality in healthcare facilities and attitudes of pregnant women related to attendance of antenatal services. Conclusion: Attitudes of pregnant women about antenatal care are shaped by their knowledge and previous encounters with the health care services that they had previously received. It is therefore important to provide women-friendly services. It is recommended that health education regarding the importance of antenatal care services must be given to all women daily in the waiting areas of each primary health care facilities, thus, the healthcare providers should promote the active participation of pregnant women during the health education sessions and provide opportunities to ask questions.

scholarly journals  Risk Factors associated with Fetal and Pregnancy Complications in Palestine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana ’ Al-Aqqad ◽  
Nihal Al-Natour ◽  
Mariam Al-Tell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Health Care Clinics ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fetal Complications

Abstract Background: Complications observed during pregnancy affect both mother and fetus, and are more commonly observed among pregnant women from developing countries. The study aims to identify the most common pregnancy and fetal complications during pregnancy, and associated risk factors with these complications. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted from September 2017 to July 2018 among pregnant women attending and registering in primary health care clinics of the Palestinian Ministry of Health in Nablus city. Data were collected through interviews and by reviewing medical records. Women were followed up during their regular visits to the primary health care clinics. Any complication affecting either the fetus or the mother during the pregnancy period was recorded. Binary logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for pregnancy and fetal complications. Results: A total of 380 pregnant women were included in the study. The most common complications seen among women during pregnancy were preterm labor (PTL) (11.3%), followed by an equal number of gestational diabetes (GDM) and pregnancies induce hypertension (PIH), i.e. (7.9%). Large for gestational age (LGA) (11.6 %) and small for gestational age (SGA) (10.5%) were the most commonly observed fetal complications. Pregnant women living in camps (O.R 2.35, 95% [CI] 1.02- 5.45), nulliparity (O.R 14.9, 95% [CI] 1.09-202.5) and low parity women (O.R 16.8, 95% [CI] 1.47- 192.5) were at higher risk of having pregnancy complications. However, lower risk was noticed between women with gravida 4 (O.R 0.11, 95% [CI] 0.03-0.47) compared to women having more than 6 pregnancies. Age younger than 41 years was a protective factor against fetal complications, while parity (≤ 6 parities) especially 4 to 6 parities (OR 36.17; 95% CI 4.88-268) and active smoking mothers (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.0-3.07) were identified as risk factors that are associated with an increased risk of fetal complications. Conclusions: Fetal and pregnancy-related complications are prevalent among Palestinian pregnant women. Increasing the awareness and improving the understanding of the identified risk factors related to these complications among the public, and specifically, females may help to reduce the prevalence of these conditions and the associated risk of these complications.

scholarly journals Parasitic infections and risk factors associated with Amoebiasis among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in primary health care centres in Lagos Mainland, Lagos, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
B Akinsanya ◽  
A Babatunde ◽  
M Olasanmi ◽  
A A Adedotun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Histolytica Infection ◽  
Stool Samples

The prevalence of amoebiasis was investigated among pregnant women using a gold standard microscopy method. Stool samples were collected from pregnant women, from two primary health care centers (Iwaya and Ebute-metta). The study involved 203 pregnant women during their visits to the antenatal clinic in Primary health centres at Lagos Mainland from June – October, 2016. Each participant was interviewed using questionnaires to relate prevalence and risk factors to their socio-demographic characteristics. Among these pregnant women, 120 respondents provided their stool samples and this was parasitologically screened with 0.8% prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica infection, 7.5% with Entamoeba Coli, 0.5% with Ascaris lumbricoides, and 0.8% infection with Hookworm. A prevalence of 0.8% for the mixed infection of Ascaris lumbricoides with Entamoeba histolytica, and a prevalence of 1.7% for the mixed infection of Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba histolytica was recorded. Significant association (p<0.05), was established between infection and diarrhoea, and the residence of the pregnantwomen.Socio - demographic factors like age, sex, socio-economic status, type of toilet, source of drinking water (p>0.05) showed no significant association with amoebiasis prevalence. In conclusion, E. histolytica infection is generally low in Lagos state owing to good environmental sanitation within Lagos metropolis. Efforts should therefore be geared towards its elimination by provision of water for Lagos residents.

scholarly journals LEVEL OF AWARENESS, ACCESS AND USE OF LONG LASTING INSECTICIDAL NETS (LLINs) IN FIVE PUBLIC HEALTH CENTRES WITHIN KADUNA METROPOLIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
HOSEA YAYOCK ◽  
N. O. Osageide ◽  
H. Mande ◽  
H. Habib ◽  
I. Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets

A cross sectional study designed to assess the difference in level of Awareness, Access and Use of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) from consenting pregnant women aged between 15 to 40 years attending routine ante-natal clinic sessions at Kaduna State University (Barau Dikko) Teaching Hospital, General Hospital Kawo, Primary Health Care Badarawa, Primary Health Care Angwan Romi and General Hospital Sabon Tasha. A total of 360 questionnaires were distributed, but only 308 returned completed. Also, mosquito samples were collected in 30 randomly selected households of the consenting pregnant women that were within three kilometer radius range of the antenatal clinic for 12 weeks’ period. A one-way ANOVA was conducted using SPSS statistical package version 22. The result revealed that there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) in level of Awareness (92.53%), Access (75.32%) and Use (67.86%) of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) among the pregnant women attending the various ante-natal hospitals/primary health care facilities. A total of 344 larvae samples were encountered and identified as Culex species 259(75.29%) and Aedes species 85(24.71%). Awareness, Access and Use of LLINs is relatively similar; while the mosquito species are vectors of Filariasis, Yellow fever, Dengue fever and can be prevented by the use of LLINs. ______________________________________________________________________________ Key word: Kaduna Metropolis, LLINs Awareness, Access and Use, Mosquito Preventive

The Midwife-woman interaction as a critical component of antenatal care: ethical implications and lessons to be learned

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Mmabojalwa Mathibe-Neke
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Primary Health Care Facilities

Pregnancy and childbirth are important rites of passage for women and their families, with deep personal and cultural significance, bringing joy along with great physical and emotional vulnerability. The purpose of the study under review was to explore pregnant women’s experiences of midwife-woman interaction and the extent to which it conforms to respectful ethical care. A qualitative case study design was applied. The setting was randomly selected primary health care facilities that form a first point of contact for pregnant women for antenatal care in Gauteng, South Africa. The population of the study was pregnant women of low socio-economic class receiving free antenatal care service at public primary health care facilities. Women waiting for their routine antenatal care were conveniently selected to be part of the focus group discussions (FGDs). The data was analysed thematically. Whilst a few positive aspects regarding midwife-woman interaction were shared, the participants expressed a desire for personal care; a shorter waiting time; continuity of care; enhanced communication with midwives; a greater opportunity for asking questions and receiving comprehensive answers; and a greater attention to their needs and fears. Recommendations were provided based on the study findings to enhance respectful practice by midwives.

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