Immunogenicity of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among infants attending Mbagathi District Hospital, Kenya

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the serum concentration of IgG antibodies as an indicator of immunogenicity, alongside the assessment of socio-demographic factors that affect IgG antibody levels in infants immunized with 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-10) at the Mbagathi District Hospital in Kenya.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study measured serum IgG antibodies among infants who had completed a 3-dose course of PCV-10. IgG antibodies to pneumococcal serotype-specific capsular polysaccharide were measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: The majority (83%) of infants who completed the required dose of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine had serum titres of pneumococcal disease- (PD) specific IgG antibodies of between 0.34 mg/dl and 0.36 mg/dl. 4% of infants had serum titres of 0.30 mg/dl to 0.33 mg/dl. The remaining 2% had IgG antibody titres of either ≤0.25 mg/dl, or between 0.25 mg/dl to 0.29 mg/dl. Additionally, there was multi-collinearity among the IgG antibody levels of the infants studied and several variables that had an effect on these levels. These included: alcohol consumption by infants’ biological mothers during pregnancy (r =.595, p ≤ 0.05); maternal diet during pregnancy (r =.137, p ≤ 0.05); breastfeeding frequency (r =.220, p ≤ 0.05); proximity to other children (r =.133, p ≤ 0.05); child hospitalization (r =.131, p ≤ 0.05) and chronic illness (r =.154, p ≤0.01).Conclusion: PCV-10 is immunogenic against PD four weeks after completion of 3-doses among the infants attending the Child Welfare clinic at the Mbagathi District Hospital in Kenya. Socio-demographic factors which include consumption of alcoholic drinks by infant’s biological mother during pregnancy and study infant chronic illness negatively affect the development of PD specific IgG. A balanced maternal diet during pregnancy and a breastfeeding frequency superior to three times per day have a significant positive effect on serum pneumococcal IgG levels among infants.

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Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins as targets for IgG antibody detection in severe and mild COVID-19 cases using a Luminex bead-based assay

10.1101/2020.07.25.20161943 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joachim Marien ◽

Johan Michiels ◽

Leo Heyndrickx ◽

Karen Kerkhof ◽

Nikki Foque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Detection Threshold ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Antibody Detection ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Antibody Levels

Large-scale serosurveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) will only be possible if serological tests are sufficiently reliable, rapid and inexpensive. Current assays are either labour-intensive and require specialised facilities (e.g. virus neutralization assays), or expensive with suboptimal specificity (e.g. commercial ELISAs). Bead-based assays offer a cost-effective alternative and allow for multiplexing to test for antibodies of other pathogens. Here, we compare the performance of four antigens for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies in a panel of sera that includes both severe (n=40) and mild (n=52) cases, using a neutralization and a Luminex bead-based assay. While we show that neutralising antibody levels are significantly lower in mild than in severe cases, we demonstrate that a combination of recombinant nucleocapsid protein (NP), receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the whole spike protein (S1S2) results in a highly sensitive (96%) and specific (99%) bead-based assay that can detect IgG antibodies in both groups. Although S1-specific IgG levels correlate most strongly with neutralizing antibody levels, they fall below the detection threshold in 10% of the cases in our Luminex assay. In conclusion, our data supports the use of RBD, NP and S1S2 for the development of SARS-CoV-2 serological bead-based assays. Finally, we argue that low antibody levels in mild/asymptomatic cases might complicate the epidemiological assessment of large-scale surveillance studies.

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Stable IgG-antibody levels in patients with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection

10.1101/2021.06.16.21258960 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Akerlund ◽

Katherina Zakikhany ◽

Charlotta Lofstrom ◽

Evelina Lindmark ◽

Henrik Kallberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleocapsid Protein ◽

Spike Protein ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Time Period ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Over Time ◽

Specific Igg Antibodies

More knowledge regarding persistence of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infections in the general population with mild symptoms is needed. We measured and compared levels of SARS-CoV-2 spike- and nucleocapsid-specific IgG-antibodies in serum samples from 145 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and 324 non-cases. The IgG-antibody levels against the spike protein in cases were stable over the time-period studied (14 to 256 days), while antibody levels against the nucleocapsid protein decreased over time.

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Assessment of S1, S2 and NCP-specific IgM, IgA, and IgG antibody kinetics in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection by a microarray and twelve other immunoassays

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.02890-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Georg Semmler ◽

Marianna Theresia Traugott ◽

Marianne Graninger ◽

Wolfgang Hoepler ◽

Tamara Seitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rapid Test ◽

Tracheal Aspirate ◽

Target Antigen ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Antibody Kinetics ◽

Specific Igg Antibodies

In this study, we comprehensively analyzed multispecific antibody kinetics of different immunoglobulins in hospitalized patients with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Three-hundred-fifty-four blood samples longitudinally obtained from 81 IgG seroconverting CoVID-19 patients were quantified for spike (S)1, S2, and nucleocapsid protein (NCP)- specific IgM, IgA, IgG, and total Ig antibodies using a microarray, eleven different ELISAs/CLIAs, and one rapid test by seven manufacturers. The assays’ specificity was assessed in 130 non-CoVID19 pneumonia patients. Using the microarray, NCP-specific IgA and IgG antibodies continuously displayed higher detection rates during acute CoVID-19 than S1- and S2-specific ones. S1-specific IgG antibodies, however, reached higher peak values. Until the 26th-day post symptom onset, all patients developed IgG responses against S1, S2, and NCP, respectively. Although detection rates by ELISAs/CLIAs generally resembled those of the microarray, corresponding to the target antigen, sensitivities and specificities varied among all tests. Notably, patients with more severe CoVID-19 displayed higher IgG and IgA levels, but this difference was mainly observed with S1-specific immunoassays. In patients with high SARS-CoV-2 levels in the lower respiratory tract, we observed high detection rates of IgG and total Ig immunoassays with a particular rise of S1-specific IgG antibodies when viral concentrations in the tracheal aspirate subsequently declined over time. In summary, our study demonstrates that differences in sensitivity among commercial immunoassays during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection are only partly related to the target antigen. Importantly, our data indicate that NCP-specific IgA and IgG antibodies are detected earlier, while higher S1-specific IgA antibody levels occur in severely ill patients.

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Low Virus-Specific IgG Antibodies in Adverse Clinical Course and Outcome of Tick-Borne Encephalitis

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9020332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 332

Author(s):

Petra Bogovič ◽

Stanka Lotrič-Furlan ◽

Tatjana Avšič-Županc ◽

Miša Korva ◽

Lara Lusa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Course ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Intensive Care Unit Treatment ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

Serum Igg ◽

Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Antibody Levels

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is associated with a range of disease severity. The reasons for this heterogeneity are not clear. Levels of serum IgG antibodies to TBE virus (TBEV) were determined in 691 adult patients during the meningoencephalitic phase of TBE and correlated with detailed clinical and laboratory parameters during acute illness and with the presence of post-encephalitic syndrome (PES) 2–7 years after TBE. Specific IgG antibody levels ranged from below cut-off value (in 32/691 patients, 4.6%), to 896 U/mL (median = 37.3 U/mL). Patients with meningoencephalomyelitis were more often seronegative (24.3%; 9/37) than those with meningoencephalitis (4.7%; 20/428) or meningitis (1.3%; 3/226). Moreover, patients with antibody levels below cut-off had longer hospitalization (13 versus 8 days); more often required intensive care unit treatment (22% versus 8%) and artificial ventilation (71% versus 21%); and had a higher fatality rate (3/32; 9.4% versus 1/659; 0.2%) than seropositive patients. These results were confirmed when antibody levels, rather than cut-off values, were correlated with clinical parameters including the likelihood to develop PES. Low serum IgG antibody responses against TBEV at the onset of neurologic involvement are associated with a more difficult clinical course and unfavorable long-term outcome of TBE, providing a diagnostic and clinical challenge for physicians.

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Pneumococcal Nasopharyngeal Carriage following Reduced Doses of a 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and a 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Booster

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00117-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 1970-1976 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

F. M. Russell ◽

J. R. Carapetis ◽

C. Satzke ◽

L. Tikoduadua ◽

L. Waqatakirewa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽

Dose Effect ◽

Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Carriage ◽

Primary Series ◽

Vaccine Type ◽

Vaccine Booster ◽

Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a reduced-dose 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) primary series followed by a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPS) booster on nasopharyngeal (NP) pneumococcal carriage. For this purpose, Fijian infants aged 6 weeks were randomized to receive 0, 1, 2, or 3 PCV doses. Within each group, half received 23vPPS at 12 months. NP swabs were taken at 6, 9, 12, and 17 months and were cultured for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Isolates were serotyped by multiplex PCR and a reverse line blot assay. There were no significant differences in PCV vaccine type (VT) carriage between the 3- and 2-dose groups at 12 months. NP VT carriage was significantly higher (P, <0.01) in the unvaccinated group than in the 3-dose group at the age of 9 months. There appeared to be a PCV dose effect in the cumulative proportion of infants carrying the VT, with less VT carriage occurring with more doses of PCV. Non-PCV serotype (NVT) carriage rates were similar for all PCV groups. When groups were pooled by receipt or nonreceipt of 23vPPS at 12 months, there were no differences in pneumococcal, VT, or NVT carriage rates between the 2 groups at the age of 17 months. In conclusion, there appeared to be a PCV dose effect on VT carriage, with less VT carriage occurring with more doses of PCV. By the age of 17 months, NVT carriage rates were similar for all groups. 23vPPS had no impact on carriage, despite the substantial boosts in antibody levels.

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Measurement of Specific IgG Antibody Levels in Serum of Patients on Regimes Comprising High Total Dose Beta-Lactam Therapy

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology ◽

10.1159/000234000 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 344-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

D. Lee ◽

Janet M. Dewdney ◽

R.G. Edwards ◽

K.A. Neftel ◽

M. Wälti

Keyword(s):

Total Dose ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

High Total Dose

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Long-term antibody levels and booster responses in South African children immunized with nonavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.03.001 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 22 (21-22) ◽

pp. 2696-2700 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Robin E Huebner ◽

Nontombi Mbelle ◽

Bruce Forrest ◽

Dace V Madore ◽

Keith P Klugman

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

African Children ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

South African Children

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IgG Levels after Treatment with Antigen Vials Based on the Scratch Testing, Intradermal Testing, Modified RAST Testing

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/01945998860953p108 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 95 (3_part_1) ◽

pp. 307-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Richard J. Trevino

Keyword(s):

Scratch Testing ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Intradermal Testing ◽

Blocking Antibody ◽

Multiple Treatment ◽

End Point ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Inhalant Allergens ◽

Inhalant Allergy ◽

Antibody Levels

In this study, there were three groups of patients—each group consisting of four patients. The first group had been skin tested by the scratch method, the second group was skin tested by the end point titration intradermal method, and the third group had been tested for inhalant allergy by the modified RAST technique. All of them had multiple treatment vials made, dependent on the type of testing they had, and the vials all included the ten inhalants that were tested for. All patients had been treated for a year with weekly immunotherapy injections. Specific IgG levels, blocking antibody levels to the ten inhalant allergens, were determined. The results were that the patients who had been scratch tested had the lowest levels of specific IgG blocking antibody—while both intradermal end point titration and modified RAST testing had much higher elevations of blocking IgG antibody, with the RAST having the highest. It is concluded that, since the treatment vials prepared after scratch testing of all the antigens are at the same concentration, there are many antigens that are not given in adequate amounts to cause a good IgG response whereas, by calibrating the concentrations of antigens in the intradermal titration and the modified RAST testing, all the antigens are being injected in sufficient quantities to get a good blocking antibody response.

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Lymphocyte Subsets and Specific IgG Antibody Levels in Clindamycin-Treated and Untreated Dogs Experimentally Infected with Babesia gibsoni

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science ◽

10.1292/jvms.65.579 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 579-584 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Retno WULANSARI ◽

Agus WIJAYA ◽

Hitoshi ANO ◽

Yoichiro HORII ◽

Susumu MAKIMURA

Keyword(s):

Lymphocyte Subsets ◽

Babesia Gibsoni ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Antibody Levels

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Long-Term Course of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Outpatients After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.732787 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Julia Schiffner ◽

Insa Backhaus ◽

Jens Rimmele ◽

Sören Schulz ◽

Till Möhlenkamp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Disease Course ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Moderate Disease ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Antibody Levels

Characterization of the naturally acquired B and T cell immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is important for the development of public health and vaccination strategies to manage the burden of COVID-19 disease. We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional analysis in COVID-19 recovered patients at various time points over a 10-month period in order to investigate how circulating antibody levels and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release by peripheral blood cells change over time following natural infection. From March 2020 till January 2021, we enrolled 412 adults mostly with mild or moderate disease course. At each study visit, subjects donated peripheral blood for testing of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and IFN-γ release after SARS-CoV-2 S-protein stimulation. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were positive in 316 of 412 (76.7%) and borderline in 31 of 412 (7.5%) patients. Our confirmation assay for the presence of neutralizing antibodies was positive in 215 of 412 (52.2%) and borderline in 88 of 412 (21.4%) patients. Likewise, in 274 of 412 (66.5%) positive IFN-γ release and IgG antibodies were detected. With respect to time after infection, both IgG antibody levels and IFN-γ concentrations decreased by about half within 300 days. Statistically, production of IgG and IFN-γ were closely associated, but on an individual basis, we observed patients with high-antibody titres but low IFN-γ levels and vice versa. Our data suggest that immunological reaction is acquired in most individuals after natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 and is sustained in the majority of patients for at least 10 months after infection after a mild or moderate disease course. Since, so far, no robust marker for protection against COVID-19 exists, we recommend utilizing both, IgG and IFN-γ release for an individual assessment of the immunity status.

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