scholarly journals Recent advances in managing and understanding nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Gambaro ◽  
Alberto Trinchieri
Keyword(s):  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Tubular Lumen ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
High Fluid ◽  
Dietary Acid ◽  
Acid Load

Urinary stone disease is a very common disease whose prevalence is still increasing. Stone formation is frequently associated with other diseases of affluence such as hypertension, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance. The increasing concentration of lithogenic solutes along the different segments of the nephron involves supersaturation conditions leading to the formation, growth, and aggregation of crystals. Crystalline aggregates can grow free in the tubular lumen or coated on the wall of the renal tubule. Plugs of crystalline material have been highlighted in the tubular lumen in some patients, but crystalline growth starting from plaques of calcium phosphate within the renal papillae has been demonstrated in others. Urinary supersaturation is the result of a complex interaction between predisposing genetic features and environmental factors. Dietary intake is certainly the most important environmental risk factor. In particular, an insufficient intake of dietary calcium (<600 mg/day) can increase the intestinal absorption of oxalate and the risk of calcium oxalate stone formation. Other possible risk factors that have been identified include excessive intake of salt and proteins. The potential role of dietary acid load seems to play an important role in causing a state of subclinical chronic acidosis; therefore, the intake of vegetables is encouraged in stone-forming patients. Consumption of sugar-sweetened soda and punch is associated with a higher risk of stone formation, whereas consumption of coffee, tea, beer, wine, and orange juice is associated with a lower risk. A high fluid intake is widely recognized as the cornerstone of prevention of all forms of stones. The effectiveness of protein and salt restriction has been evaluated in some studies that still do not allow definitive conclusions to be made. Calcium stone formation can be prevented by the use of different drugs with different mechanisms of action (thiazide diuretics, allopurinol, and potassium citrate), but there is no ideal drug that is both risk free and well tolerated.

scholarly journals Nutrition and Kidney Stone Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Roswitha Siener
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Dietary Therapy ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Nutrition And Diet

The prevalence of kidney stone disease is increasing worldwide. The recurrence rate of urinary stones is estimated to be up to 50%. Nephrolithiasis is associated with increased risk of chronic and end stage kidney disease. Diet composition is considered to play a crucial role in urinary stone formation. There is strong evidence that an inadequate fluid intake is the major dietary risk factor for urolithiasis. While the benefit of high fluid intake has been confirmed, the effect of different beverages, such as tap water, mineral water, fruit juices, soft drinks, tea and coffee, are debated. Other nutritional factors, including dietary protein, carbohydrates, oxalate, calcium and sodium chloride can also modulate the urinary risk profile and contribute to the risk of kidney stone formation. The assessment of nutritional risk factors is an essential component in the specific dietary therapy of kidney stone patients. An appropriate dietary intervention can contribute to the effective prevention of recurrent stones and reduce the burden of invasive surgical procedures for the treatment of urinary stone disease. This narrative review has intended to provide a comprehensive and updated overview on the role of nutrition and diet in kidney stone disease.

Methanaphylaxis of urolithiasis. Part 3. The factors associated with increase in incidence of urinary stone disease. Current views on the mechanisms of stone formation

Urologiia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1_2019 ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Saenko Saenko ◽  
M.A. Gazimiev Gazimiev ◽  
S.V. Pesegov Pesegov ◽  
Yu.G. Alyaev Alyaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stone Disease ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Diagnostic biomarkers for USD via serum and urinary amino acid profiles using a metabolomics-based strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Gao ◽  
Sisi Gong ◽  
Xinxin Lin ◽  
Tianwen Zhang ◽  
Beiying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Urinary Amino

Abstract Background: Urinary stone disease (USD) is a common disease with a high prevalence, a high recurrence rate and a lack of effective diagnostic biomarkers.Methods: To explore the potential biomarkers for USD early diagnosis, the serum and urinary amino acid (AA) profiles of 74 USD patients were compared with 35 healthy controls (HC) via gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results: Based on the serum and urinary AA profiles analyzed by metabolomic strategy, a group of 5 differentially expressed AAs including Ser, Glu, Asp, Ile and Gly and 7 metabolic pathway disorders in patients were revealed.Conclusions: These serum and urinary AA profiles could provided clinical biomarkers for USD early diagnosis, and also indicated that some specific AA metabolic pathways might play important roles in the pathogenesis of USD.

scholarly journals Advantages of Herbal Over Allopathic Medicine in the Management of Kidney and Urinary Stones Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
Saurabh Nimesh ◽  
Vrish Dhwaj Ashwlayan ◽  
Rubi Rani ◽  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Herbal Therapy ◽  
Urinary Stone Disease ◽  
Based Medicine

Kidney and urinary stone disease (Nephrolithiasis and urolithiasis) are the condition where urinary stones or calculi are formed in the urinary tract. The problem of urinary stones is very ancient; these stones are found in all parts of the urinary tract, kidney, ureters, and the urinary bladder and may vary considerably in size. It is a common disease estimated to occur in approximately 12% of the population, with a recurrence rate of 70-81% in males and 47-60% in females. The treatment of kidney and urinary stone diseases such as a western (allopathy) medicine and surgery is now in trends. However, most people preferred plant-based (herbal) therapy because of the overuse of allopathic drugs, which results in a higher incidence rate of adverse or severe side effects. Therefore, people every year turn to herbal therapy because they believe plant-based medicine is free from undesirable side effects, although herbal medicines are generally considered to be safe and effective. In the present article, an attempt has been made to emphasize an herbal therapy is better than allopathic therapy for the management of the kidney and urinary stone disease.

470 Dietary acid load in patients with calcium stone disease and control subjects

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
A. Trinchieri ◽  
R. Lizzano ◽  
F. Marchesotti ◽  
G. Zanetti ◽  
E. Montanari
Keyword(s):  
Stone Disease ◽  
Dietary Acid Load ◽  
Calcium Stone ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Dietary Acid ◽  
Acid Load ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Risk factors for urinary stone

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 660-667
Author(s):  
Kyung-Jin Oh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Urologic Diseases

Urolithiasis is one of the most common urologic diseases in Korea. The annual incidence of urolithiasis in Korea has increased over time. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors for urolithiasis is essential for patient care and prevention. The purpose of this review was to summarize the recent literature regarding the risk factors for urolithiasis. The available Korean-population-based trials were enrolled in this study. The peak incidence age was the fifth to sixth decades in Korea. There has been a persistent male predominance in the prevalence and incidence of stone disease. The gender gap has continuously narrowed over the world. Climate and seasonal variations, such as temperature and humidity, have a profound effect on the development of urolithiasis. Various dietary factors, including calcium, sodium, animal protein, and oxalate, play an important role in the development of urolithiasis. Dehydration is a wellknown risk factor for stone disease. Many metabolic diseases can affect urolithiasis, including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, gout, and metabolic syndrome. The fast-moving super-aged society and global warming can increase stone disease burden in the near future. To prevent and reduce stone diseases, clinicians should understand the risk factors affecting stone formation.

Benefaction of Herbals in the Management of Urolithiasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Yadav ◽  
Rina Das ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Mehta ◽  
Yatin
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Forced Return

: Kidney stone formation or Urolithiasis is a common problem over many centuries with no guarantee of effective treatment and, a high recurrence rate. Urolithiasis is precipitation of insoluble and less soluble salt such as Oxalate and Phosphate in the urinary tract causing obstruction in the urethra resulting in renal colic and, hematuria. Approximately, 10-12% of the population in industrialized countries are severely affected by Urinary stones. In, only a few geographical areas is stone disease rare, e.g., in the coastal areas of Japan and Germany. It was believed that, 11% of people in India are suffering from urinary stone problems, and approximately 50% of these cases may lead to severe renal damage. Ultimately it causes severe health issues in terms of urinary tract obstruction, severe pain, and infection that adversely affects the health of individuals. Diuretics and narcotic analgesic like drugs which are used to prevent and cure urolithiasis are not effective in all cases and are costly, give quite common recurrences, risk long term fertility and, other potential side effects are observed. So, humans are forced return to Nature for safe remedies using herbal treatment. A great number of Indian medicinal plants have been investigated in the treatment of urolithiasis, and they have been reported to be safe and effective. In the present review, an effort has been made to highlight such herbal medicines which are potentially effective in the management of urolithiasis.

Wu-Ling-San Formula Inhibits the Crystallization of Calcium Oxalate In Vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 533-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Cheng Chen ◽  
Chien-Yi Ho ◽  
Lieh-Der Chen ◽  
Sheng-Feng Hsu ◽  
Wen-Chi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Crystal Nucleation ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Urinary Stone Disease ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Urinary stone disease is a common disease and has a high rate of recurrence. There is no ideal long-term medical treatment to prevent the recurrence of urinary stones. Wu-Ling-San (WLS) formula has been used for centuries in China for long-term treatment of urological diseases. However, no pharmacological studies have been conducted to evaluate its effect on urinary stone disease. Therefore, using a photospectrometer, we studied the effects of WLS on nucleation, growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate in vitro. The results showed that WLS extract significantly slowed the speed of calcium oxalate ( CaOx ) crystal nucleation. WLS extracts at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/ml inhibited nucleation of calcium oxalate crystallization by 344, 387, 543, and 943%, respectively. WLS extracts did not inhibit the growth of CaOx crystallization; however, WLS extracts at concentrations of 12.5 and 25 mg/ml significantly inhibited the aggregation of CaOx crystallization by 74.24% and 75.05%, respectively. WLS extract at a concentration of 50 mg/ml inhibited CaOx aggregation by 92.49%. In conclusion, our results indicate that WLS extract inhibited calcium oxalate nucleation and aggregation, and may have the potential to prevent stone recurrence.

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