scholarly journals Diagnostic biomarkers for USD via serum and urinary amino acid profiles using a metabolomics-based strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Gao ◽  
Sisi Gong ◽  
Xinxin Lin ◽  
Tianwen Zhang ◽  
Beiying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Urinary Amino

Abstract Background: Urinary stone disease (USD) is a common disease with a high prevalence, a high recurrence rate and a lack of effective diagnostic biomarkers.Methods: To explore the potential biomarkers for USD early diagnosis, the serum and urinary amino acid (AA) profiles of 74 USD patients were compared with 35 healthy controls (HC) via gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results: Based on the serum and urinary AA profiles analyzed by metabolomic strategy, a group of 5 differentially expressed AAs including Ser, Glu, Asp, Ile and Gly and 7 metabolic pathway disorders in patients were revealed.Conclusions: These serum and urinary AA profiles could provided clinical biomarkers for USD early diagnosis, and also indicated that some specific AA metabolic pathways might play important roles in the pathogenesis of USD.

Neutral aminoaciduria in cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice, an animal model of homocystinuria

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (12) ◽  
pp. F1462-F1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Akahoshi ◽  
Shotaro Kamata ◽  
Masashi Kubota ◽  
Takako Hishiki ◽  
Yoshiko Nagahata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Substrate Affinity ◽  
Neutral Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Marked Accumulation ◽  
Urinary Amino ◽  
Severe Growth ◽  
Deficient Mice

The kidney is one of the major loci for the expression of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH). While CBS-deficient ( Cbs−/−) mice display homocysteinemia/methioninemia and severe growth retardation, and rarely survive beyond the first 4 wk, CTH-deficient ( Cth−/−) mice show homocysteinemia/cystathioninemia but develop with no apparent abnormality. This study examined renal amino acid reabsorption in those mice. Although both 2-wk-old Cbs−/− and Cth−/− mice had normal renal architecture, their serum/urinary amino acid profiles largely differed from wild-type mice. The most striking feature was marked accumulation of Met and cystathionine in serum/urine/kidney samples of Cbs−/− and Cth−/− mice, respectively. Levels of some neutral amino acids (Val, Leu, Ile, and Tyr) that were not elevated in Cbs−/− serum were highly elevated in Cbs−/− urine, and urinary excretion of other neutral amino acids (except Met) was much higher than expected from their serum levels, demonstrating neutral aminoaciduria in Cbs−/− (not Cth−/−) mice. Because the bulk of neutral amino acids is absorbed via a B0AT1 transporter and Met has the highest substrate affinity for B0AT1 than other neutral amino acids, hypermethioninemia may cause hyperexcretion of neutral amino acids.

scholarly journals Advantages of Herbal Over Allopathic Medicine in the Management of Kidney and Urinary Stones Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
Saurabh Nimesh ◽  
Vrish Dhwaj Ashwlayan ◽  
Rubi Rani ◽  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Herbal Therapy ◽  
Urinary Stone Disease ◽  
Based Medicine

Kidney and urinary stone disease (Nephrolithiasis and urolithiasis) are the condition where urinary stones or calculi are formed in the urinary tract. The problem of urinary stones is very ancient; these stones are found in all parts of the urinary tract, kidney, ureters, and the urinary bladder and may vary considerably in size. It is a common disease estimated to occur in approximately 12% of the population, with a recurrence rate of 70-81% in males and 47-60% in females. The treatment of kidney and urinary stone diseases such as a western (allopathy) medicine and surgery is now in trends. However, most people preferred plant-based (herbal) therapy because of the overuse of allopathic drugs, which results in a higher incidence rate of adverse or severe side effects. Therefore, people every year turn to herbal therapy because they believe plant-based medicine is free from undesirable side effects, although herbal medicines are generally considered to be safe and effective. In the present article, an attempt has been made to emphasize an herbal therapy is better than allopathic therapy for the management of the kidney and urinary stone disease.

scholarly journals Recent advances in managing and understanding nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Gambaro ◽  
Alberto Trinchieri
Keyword(s):  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Tubular Lumen ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
High Fluid ◽  
Dietary Acid ◽  
Acid Load

Urinary stone disease is a very common disease whose prevalence is still increasing. Stone formation is frequently associated with other diseases of affluence such as hypertension, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance. The increasing concentration of lithogenic solutes along the different segments of the nephron involves supersaturation conditions leading to the formation, growth, and aggregation of crystals. Crystalline aggregates can grow free in the tubular lumen or coated on the wall of the renal tubule. Plugs of crystalline material have been highlighted in the tubular lumen in some patients, but crystalline growth starting from plaques of calcium phosphate within the renal papillae has been demonstrated in others. Urinary supersaturation is the result of a complex interaction between predisposing genetic features and environmental factors. Dietary intake is certainly the most important environmental risk factor. In particular, an insufficient intake of dietary calcium (<600 mg/day) can increase the intestinal absorption of oxalate and the risk of calcium oxalate stone formation. Other possible risk factors that have been identified include excessive intake of salt and proteins. The potential role of dietary acid load seems to play an important role in causing a state of subclinical chronic acidosis; therefore, the intake of vegetables is encouraged in stone-forming patients. Consumption of sugar-sweetened soda and punch is associated with a higher risk of stone formation, whereas consumption of coffee, tea, beer, wine, and orange juice is associated with a lower risk. A high fluid intake is widely recognized as the cornerstone of prevention of all forms of stones. The effectiveness of protein and salt restriction has been evaluated in some studies that still do not allow definitive conclusions to be made. Calcium stone formation can be prevented by the use of different drugs with different mechanisms of action (thiazide diuretics, allopurinol, and potassium citrate), but there is no ideal drug that is both risk free and well tolerated.

Benefaction of Herbals in the Management of Urolithiasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Yadav ◽  
Rina Das ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Mehta ◽  
Yatin
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Forced Return

: Kidney stone formation or Urolithiasis is a common problem over many centuries with no guarantee of effective treatment and, a high recurrence rate. Urolithiasis is precipitation of insoluble and less soluble salt such as Oxalate and Phosphate in the urinary tract causing obstruction in the urethra resulting in renal colic and, hematuria. Approximately, 10-12% of the population in industrialized countries are severely affected by Urinary stones. In, only a few geographical areas is stone disease rare, e.g., in the coastal areas of Japan and Germany. It was believed that, 11% of people in India are suffering from urinary stone problems, and approximately 50% of these cases may lead to severe renal damage. Ultimately it causes severe health issues in terms of urinary tract obstruction, severe pain, and infection that adversely affects the health of individuals. Diuretics and narcotic analgesic like drugs which are used to prevent and cure urolithiasis are not effective in all cases and are costly, give quite common recurrences, risk long term fertility and, other potential side effects are observed. So, humans are forced return to Nature for safe remedies using herbal treatment. A great number of Indian medicinal plants have been investigated in the treatment of urolithiasis, and they have been reported to be safe and effective. In the present review, an effort has been made to highlight such herbal medicines which are potentially effective in the management of urolithiasis.

Wu-Ling-San Formula Inhibits the Crystallization of Calcium Oxalate In Vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 533-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Cheng Chen ◽  
Chien-Yi Ho ◽  
Lieh-Der Chen ◽  
Sheng-Feng Hsu ◽  
Wen-Chi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Crystal Nucleation ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Urinary Stone Disease ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Urinary stone disease is a common disease and has a high rate of recurrence. There is no ideal long-term medical treatment to prevent the recurrence of urinary stones. Wu-Ling-San (WLS) formula has been used for centuries in China for long-term treatment of urological diseases. However, no pharmacological studies have been conducted to evaluate its effect on urinary stone disease. Therefore, using a photospectrometer, we studied the effects of WLS on nucleation, growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate in vitro. The results showed that WLS extract significantly slowed the speed of calcium oxalate ( CaOx ) crystal nucleation. WLS extracts at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/ml inhibited nucleation of calcium oxalate crystallization by 344, 387, 543, and 943%, respectively. WLS extracts did not inhibit the growth of CaOx crystallization; however, WLS extracts at concentrations of 12.5 and 25 mg/ml significantly inhibited the aggregation of CaOx crystallization by 74.24% and 75.05%, respectively. WLS extract at a concentration of 50 mg/ml inhibited CaOx aggregation by 92.49%. In conclusion, our results indicate that WLS extract inhibited calcium oxalate nucleation and aggregation, and may have the potential to prevent stone recurrence.

scholarly journals An empirical study on hospital-based prevention of recurrent urinary stone disease in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Reicherz ◽  
Patricia Rausch ◽  
Roman Herout ◽  
Joachim Noldus ◽  
Peter Bach
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Urinary Stone Disease ◽  
Stone Formers

Abstract Purpose Urinary stone disease is a common disease with a prevalence of 4.7% in Germany. The incidence increased over the last decades, and recurrence rates are up to 50% in the first 5 years after diagnosis. Adequate preventive measures can avoid up to 46% of stone recurrences. These numbers outline the importance of prevention. Especially among high-risk stone formers, specific diagnostics and measures are required. Published data indicate the divergence between the importance of prevention and its implementation in everyday clinical practice. This is the first survey among German urological departments highlighting medical care concerning the prevention of recurrent urinary stone disease, identifying challenges and providing recommendations for improvements. Methods Two hundred and seventy urological hospital departments in Germany were anonymously surveyed about measurements to prevent recurrent stone disease. The questionnaire comprised 23 items dealing with diagnostics, counselling, knowledge among doctors concerning preventive measures and difficulties in preventing recurrent urinary stone disease. Results Sixty-three urological departments (23.8%) answered the survey. The majority perform stone analysis at first and repeat events. Most patients with urinary stone disease receive general advice on preventive measures during their hospitalization. General recommendations focus on fluid intake and lifestyle changes. However, specific diets are infrequently recommended by inpatient urologists. Diagnostics to identify high-risk stone formers are mostly insufficient, and guideline-compliant urine tests are uncommon. Conclusion The quality of secondary prevention needs to improve considerably. The focus should be put on identifying high-risk stone formers and offering those patients specific counselling. Furthermore, general advice on dietary recommendations should be extended.

scholarly journals Difficulties in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Stone Disease in Physically Disabled Patients: Report of Two Cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Yiğit Yalçın ◽  
Mert Hamza Özbilen ◽  
Mehmet Zeynel Keskin ◽  
Yusuf Özlem İlbey
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Urinary Stone Disease ◽  
Physically Disabled ◽  
Urinary Tract Stone ◽  
Disabled Patients ◽  
Special Patient

Urinary stone disease is a very common disease in our country. Some problems may be experienced in stone surgery of physically disabled patients. This special patient group may require both minimally invasive and open stone surgery techniques. In this study, the difficulties encountered in the surgery of two physically disabled patients who were operated for stone disease were shared.

scholarly journals A Specific Urinary Amino Acid Profile Characterizes People with Kidney Stones

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniello Primiano ◽  
Silvia Persichilli ◽  
Pietro Manuel Ferraro ◽  
Riccardo Calvani ◽  
Alessandra Biancolillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Stone Former ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Urinary Amino

Background. Urolithiasis is the process of stone formation in the urinary tract. Its etiology is only partly known, and efficient therapeutic approaches are currently lacking. Metabolomics is increasingly used in biomarkers discovery for its ability to identify mediators of relevant (patho)physiological processes. Amino acids may be involved in kidney stone formation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of an amino acid signature in stone former urine through a targeted metabolomic approach. Methods. A panel of 35 amino acids and derivatives was assessed in urines from 15 stone former patients and 12 healthy subjects by UPLC-MS. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was used to define amino acid profiles of cases and controls. Results and Discussion. Our approach led to the definition of a specific amino acid fingerprint in people with kidney stones. A urinary amino acid profile of stone formers was characterized by lower levels of α-aminobutyric acid, asparagine, ethanolamine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, tryptophan, and valine. Metabolomic analysis may lend insights into the pathophysiology of urolithiasis and allow tracking this prevalent condition over time.

Sex-Related Patterns in the Profiles of Human Urinary Amino Acids

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 1970-1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Dirren ◽  
Arthur B Robinson ◽  
Linus Pauling
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Amino Acid Analyzer ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Urinary Amino Acids ◽  
Urinary Amino ◽  
Nonparametric Statistical ◽  
Related Pattern

Abstract The urinary amino acid profiles of 79 young women and 72 young men were studied with an automated high-pressure amino acid analyzer. A nonparametric statistical analysis was applied for detecting profile differences related to sex and other variables. A strong sex-related pattern was confirmed and its power for sex determination was evaluated. For the women, profile differences related to the use of oral contraceptives were also discovered and evaluated. No correlation with the menstrual cycle was detected.

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